Hom kev ua yeeb yam. Hom ntawv thiab ntau hom ntawm theatrical art

Thawj cov theatrical nrug tau staged ib zaug ntawm txoj kev. Yeej, qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau teem caij los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Lawv tuaj yeem hu nkauj, ua las voos, tso rau ntau yam khoom siv, tawm cov tsiaj nyaum. Txhua tus ua txhua yam ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ib tug tshiab daim ntawv ntawm cov kos duab maj tsim, lub lam txhim kho lawv cov kev txawj.

Thawj ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb

Lo lus "theatre" nyob rau hauv Greek txhais tau hais tias yog qhov chaw rau cov tsom iav thiab lub spectacle nws tus kheej. Thawj thawj lub koom haum xws li, txawm tias, nyob hauv tebchaws Greece. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv V-IV centuries BC. E. Lub sijhawm no hu ua "classical". Qeb kos duab yog ntaus los ntawm sib haum xeeb thiab sib npaug ntawm txhua lub ntsiab thiab cov khoom. Ancient Greek theatre tshwm sim vim yog kev teev hawm ntawm ntau cov vajtswv.

Dionysus Theatre - yog tus hiob ua yeeb yam tsev. Vaj tswv ntawm winemaking, zaub thiab xwm yog heev esteemed los ntawm ancient Greeks. Dionysus tau mob siab rau kev coj noj coj ua, uas maj mam tsim mus rau qhov muaj tseeb tragedies thiab comedies. Ritual festivals tau muab pauv mus ua tiag tiag theatrical nrug. Tus qauv yog qhov chaw qhib dav hlau. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau pib nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntoo. Txaus ntshai kos duab yog li ntawd Revered nyob rau hauv ancient Greece uas cov neeg pluag pej xeem lub hwj chim muab nyiaj mus rau lub ua yeeb yam. Nws tau raug txwv tsis pub saib ua yeeb yam rau cov poj niam sib yuav.

Thawj thawj hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm txuj ci tseem ceeb muaj peb yam tseem ceeb:

• Orchestra - nws tau ua los ntawm dancers thiab chorus;
• Lub auditorium nyob ib ncig ntawm lub orchestra;
• Lub tsev ntawm cov skena, uas cov chav rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau nyob.

Lub ntaub thiab cov niaj zaus scene tsis yog, thiab txhua tus poj niam tus cwj pwm raug ua los ntawm cov txiv neej. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau ib qho kev kawm ob peb zaug hloov lub luag haujlwm, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau ua zoo heev rau kev seev cev thiab hu nkauj. Cov tsos ntawm cov lam tau hloov nrog kev pab los ntawm cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Nyob ze cov qauv yog lub tuam tsev ntawm Dionysus.

Cov kev ua yeeb yam thaum ub tau tso lub hauv paus thiab lub ntsiab ntawm cov niaj hnub no. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem yog qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Sij hawm dhau los, ntau ntau yam txawv txawv tau tshwm sim.

Theatrical genres

Theatrical genres nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no yog li ntau. Qhov txuj ci no ua rau nws tus kheej sau ntawv, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam, suab, zoo nkauj. Lawv qhia ntau yam kev xav thiab cov xwm txheej. Noob neej yog qhov hloov tshiab. Hauv no regard, muaj ntau ntau yam. Lawv nyob ntawm lub teb chaws uas lawv yug rau, ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov pejxeem, ntawm cov neeg tuaj mloog ntawm cov tuaj mloog thiab lawv cov lus thov.

Peb sau tau qee hom yeeb yam: yeebyam, comedy, monodrama, vaudeville, extravaganza, parody, mime, farce, morality, pastoral, suab paj nruas, tragicomedy, melodrama thiab lwm tus.

Cov qauv ntawm theatrical art yuav tsis sib tw nrog lwm tus. Lawv nyiam ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Spectators uas nyiam txoj kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Opera, nrog tsis txaus siab mus xyuas lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm comedy.

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb yam theatrical yog yeebyam, comedy, tragicomedy, suab paj nruas, parody thiab vaudeville.

Nyob rau hauv zaj yeebyam, koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho tibsi rau lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev lom zem. Nws yog ib txwm zoo heev los saib xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom. Cov luag hauj lwm ntawm hom ntawv no yog complex thiab yooj yim nrog tus saib pom hauv kev xav thiab kev xav.

Cov cim kev cai muaj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - ua rau cov neeg luag txaus siab nyob hauv tus neeg saib. Yuav kom thim cov neeg los yog lwm yam teeb meem, cov neeg koom yuav tsum sim ua kom yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, tus neeg saib xyuas yuav tsum ntseeg lawv! Cov cwj pwm kev ua si ua si li nyuab heev. Lub caij ntawm satire tib lub sij hawm facilitates saib qhov kev ua tau zoo.

Qhov xwm txheej no yeej ib txwm muaj kev sib txuas nrog qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb, uas cov lus tham txog. Qhov no ib hom ntawv yog ib qho ntawm thawj tshwm rau tim Nkij teb chaws ancient. Tib yam li comedy.

Cov suab paj nruas muaj ntau yam admirers. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam nrog kev seev cev, nkauj, kev nthuav zaj dab neeg thiab ib feem ntawm kev lom zem. Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm hom ntawv no yog suab paj nruas comedy. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum xyoo 19th.

Ntau yam

Cov hom kev ua yeeb yam ncaj qha ntsig txog cov yeeb yam uas sawv cev ntawm lawv. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis qhia ntau ntau ib hom ntawv nyeem raws li ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Peb teev ib txhia ntawm lawv:

• Ua haujlwm;
• Txaus siab;
• Puppet theatre;
• ua yeeb yam ntawm lub absurd ;
• Cov menyuam yaus;
• Tus sau;
• ib tug txiv neej qhia tau tias ;
• Theatre of light;
• Suab paj nruas comedy;
• Lub theatre ntawm satire;
• Theatre ntawm paj huam;
• Theatre ntawm seev cev;
• Ntau ntau;
• Theatre ntawm cov neeg hlau;
• Ballet;
• Theatre ntawm cov tsiaj txhu;
• Theatre ntawm cov xiam oob qhab;
• Serfdom;
• Theatre ntawm ntxoov ntxoo;
• Ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntsiag to;
• Zaj nkauj zaj nkauj;
• Txoj kev.

Opera thiab Ballet Theatre

Opera thiab ballet nyob rau hauv Ltalis thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance. Thawj lub tsev ua yeeb yam tshwm sim hauv Venice xyoo 1637. Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag tau tsim raws li cais qhov theatrical genre nyob Fabkis, kev hloov ntawm seev cev mus rau tsev hais plaub. Feem ntau cov kev ua yeeb yam no yog sib koom ua ke.

Opera thiab ballet yog nrog los ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam orchestra. Suab paj nruag ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom tsim no. Nws muab lub siab xav, qhov chaw ntawm txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob rau theem thiab qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov koom ua ke. Opera singers ua haujlwm nrog lub suab thiab cov cwj pwm txawv, thiab kev ua seev cev ntaus suab paj nruas xa txhua yam los ntawm kev txav mus los. Theatre ntawm Opera thiab Ballet yeej yog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws theaters. Lawv nyob rau hauv cov vaj tse loj tshaj plaws nrog lub vaj tsev tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom zoo nkauj, cov ntaub zoo nkauj, cov pob zeb loj orchestral - ces nws zoo li sab hauv.

Drama Theatre

Ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov koom haum thiab tus thawj coj. Lawv tsim cim cim, reincarnating nyob rau hauv cov duab tsim nyog. Tus thawj coj muab nws lub zeem muag thiab ua rau pab neeg. Theatre ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hu ua theatre ntawm "experiences". Stanislavsky sau nws tej hauj lwm, kawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam theaters yog muab tsis tsuas ua yeeb yam - plays nrog ua thaj av. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam muaj xws li hauv nws cov suab paj nruag comedy, suab paj nruas thiab lwm yam suab paj nruas. Tag nrho cov khoom tsim yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam.

Ua yeeb yam rau txhua tus neeg

Suab paj nruas ua suab paj nruag - qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem pom txhua yam ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam. Nws txo nws hwj yeeb yam, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov suab paj nruas thiab tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam uas muaj ntau ntau suab paj nruag. Kev hu nkauj thiab ntaus suab paj nruag, suab paj nruas thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm no. Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Zaj Duab Mus Ua ke nrog cov yeeb yam ntawm opera, ballet, theatre operetta. Txhua hom ntawm theatrical art, txuam nrog ntau yam los sis kev ua suab paj nruag, tuaj yeem nrhiav nws cov kiv cua hauv no ua yeeb yam.

Puppet theatre

Qhov no yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no koj dhia mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev yau thiab kev xyiv fab. Qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm no yog ib txwm muaj yeeb yuj, nyiam cov xim ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas me tshaj. Tus menyuam tub ua yeeb yam feem ntau yog thawj zaug ua yeeb yam uas cov menyuam nkag mus rau. Thiab ntawm lub tswv yim nws yuav ua rau tus neeg saib tsis meej, tus cwj pwm yav tom ntej ntawm tus me nyuam mus rau hauv theatre yog nyob. Ntau yam kev ua yeebyam raws li kev siv ntawm cov menyuam roj hmab ntau yam.

Tsis ntev los no, cov puppeteers tsis nkaum qab qhov screen, tab sis sib cuam tshuam nrog cov puppets nyob rau theem. Lub tswv yim no yog tus paub zoo SV Obraztsov. Nws hnav ib lub hnab looj tes hu ua Tyapa thiab ua si zoo heev nyob rau ntawm theem me me, nws ua nws txiv.

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm hom yeeb yam no yog deb nyob rau tim Nkij teb chaws qub. Thaum tsim cov menyuam roj hmab rau kev ua yeeb yam, cov neeg tsis paub tias nws yuav loj tuaj mus rau hauv ib daim duab tiag tiag. Puppet Theatre - yog tsis tsuas cov kev taw qhia rau cov kos duab, tab sis cov qauv ntawm cov puas siab puas ntsws kev kho mob rau cov me nyuam.

Comedy Theatre

Tau koom ua ke ntawm nws tus kheej lam tau lam hu nkauj thiab ua las voos. Lawv yuav tsum tau yooj yim tau txais mus ua cov duab thaij duab thiab tsis txhob ntshai ua tsis zoo. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom "Theaters of Drama thiab Comedy", "Theaters of Musical Comedy". Ua ke ntawm ntau hom yeeb yam hauv ib chav ua yeeb yam tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txuag nws cov xim. Cov suab paj nruag tuaj yeem muaj xws li cov kev ua yeeb yam, cov dab neeg ua yeeb yam, cov suab paj nruas, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, kev tsim suab paj nruag rau cov menyuam yaus. Cov neeg mus koom kev ua yeeb yam nrog kev lom zem. Lub cuab yeej ib txwm puv.

Variety Theatre

Kuv tau ua tiav cov hom kev lag luam tsis ntev los no. Thiab tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus neeg pom. Thawj theem ua yeeb yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem tiam. Lawv tau los ua yeeb yam hauv Leningrad, uas pib thaum xyoo 1939. Nyob rau xyoo 2002 nws tau raug hu ua "Theatre Theatre. AI Raykin. " Ntau cov kws ua yeeb yam muaj xws li cov neeg hu nkauj niaj hnub, ua cov ua las voos. Variety artists yog qhia cov hnub qub lag luam, dancers thiab showmen, raws li tam sim no lawv hu ua.

Hauv theem theatreas feem ntau muaj cov rooj sib tham solo, concerts siab rau tej hnub nco, ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv. Ntawm no, comedians ua lom zem, theem comics, ua yeeb yam rau cov hauj lwm classical. Tej kev ua yeeb yam no tuaj yeem muab los ntawm cov suab paj nruas.

Theatre ntawm satire

Peb nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib! Txij li thaum nws tsos, nws tau qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem, pom txhua yam kev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab thuam lawv. Cov neeg koom tes yeej ib txwm paub nyob rau hauv tus neeg, lawv ua yeeb yam comic tsis zoo xwb tsis nyob rau theem, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub xinesmas. Cov yeeb yam ntawm satire twb yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm cov neeg uas raug txwv mus rau theem nyob rau theem kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov no yog vim censorship. Mocking qhov tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm, nws feem ntau ua tau hla txoj kab ntawm permissiveness. Txwv tsis pub cov neeg pom ntau dua. Zoo nkauj heev lam ntawm lub theatre ntawm satire, uas yog paub zoo: AA Mironov, Olga Aroseva, Spartak Mishulin, Mikhail Derzhavin, Nina Kornienko, Alexander Shirvindt. Tsaug rau cov neeg no cov theaters ntawm satire los hlub los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Sij hawm dhau los, muaj ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam, uas yog tsis nco qab ntev ntev los sis txawv ntawm txhua yam uas tshwm sim.

Tshiab tiam sis

Cov hom tshiab ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ua rau cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws. Tsis ntev dhau los thawj Robot Theatre nyob hauv tebchaws Poland. Nws ua si los ntawm neeg hlau neeg hlau, uas qhia lawv txoj kev xav nrog lawv lub qhov muag thiab kev piav tes piav taw. Cov kev ua yeeb yam yog tsim kom deb li deb rau cov me nyuam cov neeg tuaj saib, tab sis cov thawj tswj kev npaj siab yuav npaj siab tas mus li ntxiv cov repertuar.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, theatre plays noj mus rau hauv kev. Qhov no twb pib ua kev lig kev cai. Xyoo no ntau lub festivals tau muaj nyob rau hauv qhib cua. Ncaj nraim ze ntawm cov theaters tau tsim ua yeeb yam me me, uas ua tiav hlo tawm qhov kev ua tiav. Txawm tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ua yeeb yam thiab cov tub ncaws pob ua yeeb yam twb tawm sab nraud los ua yeeb yaj kiab kom pom ntau tus neeg pom tau.