Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: biography, cov duab

Lavxias teb sab cosmonautics paub ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm muaj koob personalities. Tab sis ntawm lawv yog ib tug Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog lub npe hu mus rau tus thawj neeg uas tsis ntshai mus rau hauv txheej qhov chaw. Qhov no nto moo thiab Leonov cosmonaut. Biography ntawm no zoo heev cwm pwm yuav tsum yog tus kawm ntawm peb cov kev sib tham.

Yug thiab thaum yau

Nyob rau hauv lub Kemerovo cheeb tsam, lub chaw uas zoo heev uas ces tau koom rau sab hnub poob-Siberian ntug, birthplace ntawm Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Hnub yug - Tej zaum 30, 1934. Nws niam nws txiv, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov thiab Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, tsuas yog rau ib tug me me Alyosha tsa xya lwm cov me nyuam.

Thaum Alex muaj peb xyoos, nws tsev neeg tau deported. Cov txiv tau mus rau lub txim chaw, thiab leej niam nrog tus me nyuam twb yuam kom tsiv mus nyob rau Kemerovo, raws li lawv lub tsev twb ua tau muab rau plunder. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab nws tus txiv twb rehabilitated.

Nyob rau hauv Kemerovo A. A. Leonov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1947 lub tsev neeg, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev hloov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub breadwinner, twb yuam kom tsiv mus nyob rau Kaliningrad. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub zos no ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej zoo astronaut tau txais nws kev kawm ntawv.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum yau, A. A. Leonov tau ua npau suav ntawm ib pab tub rog ua hauj lwm, ces tom qab tau txais daim high school diploma (1953) nkag mus hauv lub tub rog Aviation tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws ntse kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1955. Ob xyoos tom qab nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov coj profile.

txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw

Meanwhile, lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 50s thiab 60s XX xyoo pua yog lub sij hawm ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1957, lub dag lub ntiaj teb satellite twb launched los ntawm cov Soviet Union. aub Laika - Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv ib tug aircraft thawj zeej nyob twb muab tso rau hauv orbit. Tag nrho cov ntau ceev yog cov lus nug ntawm tau ntawm ya nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv 1960, lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam ua lub xaiv ntawm thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm astronauts, uas muaj cov 20 qhov zoo tshaj plaws-kawm pilots. Nws yog los ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub pab pawg neeg tsim cov neeg coob ntawm tus thawj Soviet chaw expeditions. Nyob rau hauv no feem ntau tsim nyog nees nkaum hit thiab A. A. Leonov. Dhau li nws, tus tub cheev xwm yog German Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev thiab ntau lwm nto moo pilots. Cov yawm ntawm qhov thawj cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin tau muab. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1961, cov spacecraft "Vostok-1", nws ua thawj lub orbital davhlau.

Los ntawm 1961 mus 1964, qhov chaw sib ntaus ua thiab Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky thiab Komarov. Cov neeg coob ntawm Vladimir Komarov, uas ya mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 1964, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub commander, muaj ob ntau tus neeg. Xws li ib tug caij nyoog tau muab ib yam tshiab ntawm multi-spacecraft "Voskhod", uas hloov lub series "East".

Tos lawv tig rau Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Diam duab nrog nws thiab Yuriem Gagarinym yuav pom saum toj no.

Lub historic davhlau

Tus tshiab qhov chaw ntoj ke mus kawm tau npaj rau nruab nrab-Lub peb hlis ntuj 1965. Nws muaj ob tug neeg. Nws tau raug tsa commander Pavel Belyaev thiab tsav - A. A. Leonov. Lub hom phiaj yog yuav coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub multiseater spacecraft "Voskhod-2", uas, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov thawj version tau raug hloov.

Chiv, ua hauj lwm ntawm tus ntoj ke mus yog rau qhov kev siv ntawm tib neeg spacewalks, thiab suav hais tias nws raws li ib feem ntawm lub Soviet daim program.

"Voskhod-2" nrog Belyaev thiab Leonov on board yog launched rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 18, 1965.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhib qhov chaw

Tom qab lub spacecraft mus rau hauv orbit, nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov sib ntaus - ib tug spacewalk. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog los txiav txim A. A. Leonov. Lub astronaut tam sim ntawd hloov mus rau lub xauv chamber, tom qab uas lub kaw compartment neeg coob commander thiab pib nws depressurization. Ces Alexei Arkhipovich sab laug lub airlock thiab tshaj tawm mus rau hauv lub qhib qhov chaw. Nws yog ib qhov ua ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no muaj ua lub npe hu A. A. Leonov (astronaut). Diam duab ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub qhib qhov chaw nyob hauv qab no.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum sab nraum ib tug spacecraft Alexei Arkhipovich muaj tsis xis nyob: nws lub cev kub sawv, pib tawm hws, nce lub plawv dhia thiab ua pa nqi. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw outer astronaut tau siv ntau tshaj li kaum ob feeb.

Rov qab mus rau spacecraft yog vim muaj ib co teeb meem. Vim lub fact tias qhov chaw ce loj o, Leonov yog ib qho nyuaj kom tau rov qab mus rau hauv lub airlock. Yog li ntawd nws - nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm cov lus qhia - yuav tsum tau nyem rau nws lub taub hau nrog nws ob txhais tes rau pem hauv ntej.

tsaws

Yuav tsaws spacecraft kuj nrog los ntawm ib co kev npaj txhij txog qhov teeb meem. Nws yuav tsum tau muab nqa tawm txiav, tom qab lub nkoj yuav ua 17 lem ib ncig ntawm lub orbit. Tab sis cov khoom muaj malfunctioned. Yog li ntawd, lub "hnub tuaj-2" yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv phau ntawv hom tom qab 18 lem.

tsaws chaw yog lub taiga cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub Perm cheeb tsam. Cawm tog muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau ib tug spacecraft tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hnub. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias vim swb nyob rau hauv automation tsaws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug unscheduled qhov chaw.

Ntxiv hauj lwm astronaut

Tom qab ua lub historic lub davhlau, culminated nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus thawj muaj kev vam meej tib neeg mus rau hauv qhov chaw, Alexei Leonov twb muab tsub lub title Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nws twb muab tsub lub siab tshaj plaws Soviet puav pheej - lub "Kub Star" thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin.

Tom qab ntawd thiab kom txog thaum 1969 inclusive Leonov coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Soviet daim program. Tab sis tom qab tsaws Americans nyob rau lub hli nws tau phased tawm raws li cov Soviet Union poob lub US championship nyob rau hauv lub "daim haiv neeg". Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb lub ntuj satellite tsis yog kev txaus siab rau Lavxias teb sab cosmonautics. Txawm tias ntawm ib lub sij hawm nws twb npaj hais tias nws yuav tsum ua Leonov txiv neej thawj tsaws rau lub hli.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, ib txhij nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm Alex Arkhipovich kawm ntawm cov cua Force Academy nyob rau hauv engineering kev taw qhia.

Nyob rau hauv 1975, Leonov ua nws thib ob qhov chaw sib ntaus. Lub sij hawm no nws yog nws leej twg yog tus commander ntawm cov neeg coob, uas, sib nrug los ntawm nws, nkag mus V.Kubasov. Lub davhlau twb ua rau ib tug aircraft "Soyuz-19" thiab lasted ntau tshaj tsib hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm no ntoj ke mus kawm, nws yog ib zaug ntxiv muab tsub lub title Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov ua ke nrog rau lwm cov pilots ntawm nws tiam tshuav pab astronauts. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim nws muaj hnub nyoog. Txawm li cas los, nws hais ntxiv hais kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1991 los lawm mus nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm deputy. Lub taub hau ntawm lub CPC. Nyob rau hauv 1991 nws so nrog cov nyob qib ntawm Major General.

Kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj laus pension

Tab sis nws tsis yog xws li ib tug neeg yog Alexey Arkhipovich rau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj laus. Twb tau nyob rau 1992, nws coj lub ruaj, koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug hauj lwm advisor rau lub Board of Directors tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab ntug dej.

Alekseya Arhipovicha ntsiab hobby yog tam sim no nrag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tau raug lees paub tias los ntawm cov tub txawg. Leonov collaborates nrog artist A. Sokolov, uas nws tau pa roj carbon monoxide-authored ib tug series ntawm cov nqi xa nyiaj muas.

Tsis yog ib tug neeg sab nrauv rau Alexei Arkhipovich thiab kev nom kev tswv. Nws tam sim no yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Supreme Council ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv lub koom haum ntawm "United Russia". Rau nws 75th lub hnub yug nws tus kheej congratulated Dmitry Medvedev thaum lub sij hawm tau txais kev pab raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia.

tsev neeg

Alekseya Leonova tus poj niam Svetlana Pavlovna yog Dotsenko, yug nyob rau hauv 1940. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug editor nyob rau hauv lub publishing tsev ntawm tus CPC, thiab yog tam sim no so.

Nyob rau hauv sib yuav lawv muaj ob tug ntxhais - Victoria (1961 p.) Thiab Oksana (1967 p.). Tab sis Victoria, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub State University "Sovfraht", tuag nyob rau hauv 1996 raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob siab nrog pneumonic teeb meem. Oksana yog tam sim no ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug txhais lus.

cwm pwm kev ntsuam xyuas

Yog li ntawd, peb twb kawm txog tej kev zoo heev cwm pwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm yuav ua li cas A. A. Leonov (astronaut). Nws biography yog heev daunting: nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog nws yog kev nyuaj siab nrog Stalinist tsuj, thiab so tej lub bitterness ntawm cov poob ntawm nws tus ntxhais.

Tab sis, txawm tag nrho cov mishaps thiab obstacles, Leonov muaj peev xwm los ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo personalities nyob rau hauv lub Soviet thiab lub ntiaj teb no cosmonautics. Nws yog nws leej twg tau honored rau thawj lub sij hawm mus rau hauv txheej qhov chaw. Xav yuav ua li cas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm sawv daws khoom ib rau cov kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg sib tw, peb yuav tsum pom tau hais tias yuav tsum tau tsa los xws li ib tug lub hom phiaj ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau tiag tiag exceptional tus kheej zoo. Thiab lub correctness ntawm qhov kev xaiv Alexei Arkhipovich muaj pov thawj nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Inflexibility ntawm nws tus cwj pwm thiab zog ua hauj lwm pom hais tias nws Leonov tom qab ua hauj lwm, thaum twg, es tsis txhob mus so num lawm, tsis ntaug active ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua si.

Nws yog cov neeg zoo li A. A. Leonov, Russia zoo siab.