Cosmonaut Komarova Vladimira Mihaylovicha tuag. "Soyuz-1"

Hais txog failures nyob rau hauv qhov chaw flights nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm hais tias nws twb tsis tau txais, txawm nkaum ntau yam tseeb. Vladimir Komarov raug tua, qhov no Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub astronaut, lub teb chaws kawm tam sim ntawd. Chaw nyob hauv thawj zaug rau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tau suab to taub tsis tau, thiab cov ships muaj ntau flaws, shortcomings los ntawm designers.

Sacrifices rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw tshawb kawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm

Lub npe ntawm ntau heroes ntawm lub astronauts paub rau tag nrho cov, tab sis ntau npaum li cas yog tseem tsis paub hais tias mus twg cov neeg, uas nws txoj hauj lwm yog qhov chaw thiab nws lub neej twb txiav luv luv xwb nyob rau hauv lub ntuj.

Cov kev tuag ntawm cosmonaut Komarov yog ib tug ntawm incommensurable sacrifices rau tsoov cov infinite qhov chaw. Nws, zoo li ntau lwm yam zoo kawg masters, muab nws ua kom muaj tus tshaj, mob siab nws tus kheej los tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas noob neej tau ntev nug.

Tus thawj tuag mob

Raws li Vladimir Komarov biography uas tsim nyog tshwj xeeb xim, tuag nyob rau hauv uas zoo sib xws tej yam nyob rau hauv Valentin Bondarenko spaceflight. Nws txoj kev tuag yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw qhib tej qhov chaw: ib tug astronaut hlawv ciaj sia nyob rau hauv 1961, thaum nyob rau hauv lub rho tawm chamber ntawm ib tug scientific lub koom haum thaum lub sij hawm ib txoj kev kawm qoj ib ce. Lub hero twb npaj mus ua ib tug astronaut, mus kawm. Qee ntaus. Thaum unhitching kho mob sensors rau lub cev, nws wiped nws lub cev paj rwb kua ntswg dipped nyob rau hauv dej cawv, uas tsoo tawm, ntaus lub tom ntej no sawv rhaub. Lub koob yees duab, oxygenated, lighted, qhov hluav taws kub kis toj kis nyob rau hauv ib tug uas xa tuaj nrog qhov chaw. Qhov taws kis mus rau cov khaub ncaws, uas tam sim ntawd tsoo tawm. Astronaut, qhib lub qhov rooj rau lub sij hawm, tau txais ib tug poob siab thiab Burns incompatible nrog lub neej, tuag rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog thawj laj mej pej xeem thiab tsis ua rau pej xeem los ntawm tsoom fwv hauv lub Soviet Union. Tab sis nws los ua ib zaj lus qhia rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab yog vim li cas rau tsis tsim spacecraft nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw noo nrog oxygen.

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li yam thiab nyob rau hauv uas zoo sib xws tej yam nws tau tua lwm peb astronauts los ntawm America, thiab yog hais tias tsis yog rau cov secrecy ntawm cov thawj tragic kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm astronautics, qhov no kev huam yuaj yuav tau raug zam.

Hais txog astronaut, burnt ciaj sia thaum tsaws

"Soyuz-1", rov qab mus rau ntiaj teb 23 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1967 poob lawm vim tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kaus poob los system. Cov kev tuag ntawm cov cosmonaut Komarov thaum lub sij hawm ib tug xeem ntawm lub nkoj yog lwm tshuab rau tag nrho cov Soviet lub teb chaws. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus thawj launches twb tsis siab xav tawm thiab researched. Unmanned hom yog txaus ntshai thiab yog li ntawd muaj yog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm. Ib xyoo ua ntej no qhov teeb meem, Kaum ib hlis 28, 1966, kev sib tsoo tsaws los ntawm orbit ua tus thawj tsis siv neeg "Soyuz-1" thiab "Cosmos-133", raws li nws tau qhia rau TASS. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm hauv tib lub xyoo, nws muaj kev huam yuaj vim hais tias ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub community launch ncoo, "Soyuz-2".

Ib tug me me keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub xwm txheej no nrog Komarov

Tab sis lub Soviet tsoom fwv xav tshiab tau rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug hurry, nws twb txiav txim siab los npaj cov foob pob ua ntxaij rau lub community launch ntawm Tej zaum 1, txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem nws muaj txaus. Thaum kawm txog cov xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem, astronaut, tsim los ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw, unwell, nce ntshav siab, thiab nws coj mus nws lub txaj. Nws twb muab mus rau lwm xeem, Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov, tej thiab kawm pilots, leej twg tau ua nyob rau hauv orbit raws li ib tug thaub qab nrog Yuriem Gagarinym nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1966.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag?

Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub nkoj mus rau hauv orbit vim hais tias cov teeb meem Komarov tau txiav txim rau urgently ua ib tug tsaws, tab sis nws twb tsis tau kom tsis txhob muaj ib tug teeb meem. Qhov tseeb yog ib zaug dua muab zais. Lub encyclopedia hais tias lub davhlau yog kev vam meej, thiab qhov kev pab cuam yog tua pov tseg. Version yeej muaj ob peb tug. Ib tug ntawm lawv - lub negligence ntawm lub installer, uas yog drilling ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub screen, vim hais tias nws yuav tsis tau mus rau sab xis ntawm lub tsev, nws xeem tau ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub steel disc. Plural melted ntaus cov tuab atmospheric txheej thaum lub sij hawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm lub nkoj, thiab cov huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub atmospheric chamber. Tsim siab coj mus rau compression ntawm lub thawv nrog ib tug kaus poob los tuaj tawm thiab qhia tias ua tsis tau tejyam. Muaj ib tug tshiab qee.

Xeem feeb ua ntej qhov kev tuag ntawm tus hero-astronaut

astronaut Komarov tuag yog suab inevitable. Nws muaj peev xwm tso lub zeem cia kaus poob los, tab sis nws twb tsis ntev extinguished raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj kev sib cuag nrog cov kab. Tej zaum yuav muaj sia nyob yuav luag muaj, thiab tag nrho cov installer lub negligence, lwj liam otnesshiysya lawv ua hauj lwm.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob lub tshuab ntaus hauv cov av thiab tus tsav Komarov tuag.

Nco ntsoov ib txwm: uas yog los liam rau dab tsi tshwm sim?

Lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kaus poob los system nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog nyob rau hauv Minaviaproma. Version dab tsi tshwm sim yog lawv tsis nyuaj heev txawv: hais tias tus iav npog nrog parachutes hauv txhaj tshuaj, ntaus lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob nyob rau hauv lub rarefied cua ntawm lub nkoj. Vim tus ntse siab nco iav deformed, thiab vim hais tias nws twb ua tau rau hauv lub Scope ntawm lub ntaus ntawv, ces pinched lub ntsiab kaus poob los. Thaum lub sij hawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob thaum muaj kev kub ceev balancing tshuab pib thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov av poob lawm.

Ib qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov kev sib tsoo tshwm sim yog hu ua Adamovsky District Orenburg thaj av ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub zos Karabutak txij li thaum ntsia ib commemorative memorial complex, uas tuaj txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 23 ua nco txog hnub lub poob hero. Nyob rau hauv steppe nyob rau hauv Orsk xub tshwm sim ua ntej obelisk Lub rau hli ntuj 11, 1967. Nws installation tau raug tsa los ntawm lug txhawb cov miv ntawm tus tuag astronaut.

Keeb kwm qhia tsis muaj dab tsi, los yog ua li cas tsis mus rov hais dua cov yuam kev ntawm

Ib me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1971, muaj lwm qee rau hauv qhov chaw - cov neeg tuag ntawm peb cov cim: Victor Patsaeva, Vladislav Volkov thiab Georgy Dobrovolsky, thaum lawv tau nqis los rau lub ntiaj teb nrog qhov chaw nres tsheb "Soyuz-1". Ces raug kev txom nyem ib tug cev qhuav dej ntawm "Soyuz-1" spacecraft. Lub astronauts twb stand-ins, uas ya mus es tsis txhob ntawm lub ntsiab neeg coob ntawm Valery Kubasov, Petrom Kolodinym thiab Alekseem Leonovym. Ua ntawm txoj kev tuag - peb tshiab ambitions Soviet politicians.

Noj ib cue los ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas uas ya mus rau lub hli rau ib tug 3-seater tsheb, cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab hais tias peb xav tau kev pab xwb peb cov neeg ya. Yog hais tias ob ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw suits, raug xwm txheej yuav tsis muaj tshwm sim. 3 ce yog tsuas yog tsis tau tshaj rau tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub davhlau, tsis haum nyob rau hauv loj thiab qhov loj ntawm lub alarm. Lub astronauts ya mus nyob rau hauv tracksuits, uas categorically tsis yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Piv txwv li Gagarin, dua li ntawm peb cov neeg nyob rau hauv 1964 nyob rau hauv lub "Xibfwb" ya mus Boris Yegorov, thiab Konstantin Feoktistov, Vladimir Komarov. Tsim rau ib tug neeg hav zoov, ntawm chav kawm, rau qhov peb yog incredibly cramped, thiab cov astronauts yuav xum tsis yuav ya nyob rau hauv qhov chaw suits, thiab jumpsuits, thiab muab tshem tawm tsuas yog rau cov ncaws rooj zaum kom sov ua licas kom qhov chaw. Nruam ua txhaum ntawm tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub davhlau. Lawv nyuam qhuav pib lawv lub neej nyob nyab xeeb. Nyob rau ib tug loj lub sij hawm uas sib ntaus tas ntse. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm qhov tau ua txhaum ntawm cov kev cai, thiab vim hais tias yog li tsis tau saib xyuas tus cwj pwm mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ua ntej raug xwm txheej yog nyob rau hauv lub doorstep.

Tus huab tais, koj nws kev txhaum nyob rau hauv ua ntej, kom tau kev zam txim nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov menyuam cov astronauts nyob rau hauv lub davhlau. Qhov no qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm uas lub sij hawm, ntawm chav kawm, twb tseem muab zais.

Cov ua rau tuag ntawm cosmonaut Komarov

Thaum lub sij hawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob poob lawm "Soyuz-1". Vladimir Komarov yuav tsis sai li sai tau saib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub tshuab. Thawj rau ib qhov siab ntawm 150 km ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho yog ok, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau kev nkag mus rau lub ntuj kaaj quas lug nkoj phua rau hauv peb qhov chaw, uas yog, kom nyias muaj nyias lub alarm los ntawm cov domestic khoom siv roj thiab compartments. Thaum lub caij ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub qhov quav valve load prematurely, txawm hais tias nws qhib tau yuav tshwm sim tom qab, nyob ze lub ntiaj teb nws tus kheej.

Yog vim li cas rau qhov no npaj txhij txog qhib ntawm lub valve tseem tsis tau tsim. Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub nkoj mus rau hauv compartments pob tawg lawm heev bolts rau tus poob siab, lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum qhib los ntawm lub moj tej tawg valve ntawm pa cua thiab lub zog ntawm cov locking pas nrig. Thaum lub sij hawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob lub tshuab heev txo lub siab, thiab lub astronaut cia li yuav tsis unfasten cov straps nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kaw lub resulting qhov (cov qhov rai), nws thiaj li poob nco qab.

Thaum nrhiav kom tau ntawm tus tuag yog pronounced nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm nitrogen ntshav, lub hlwb hemorrhage, ntshav nyob rau hauv lub ntsws. Tom qab no qhov teeb meem, manned missions mus rau 2 xyoos raug tshem tawm. Soviet chaw technology urgently xav tau kev pab txhim kho. Qhov no qhov teeb meem tau cuam tshuam tsoom fwv. Astronauts tau muab tshwj xeeb suits, nyob rau hauv sib txawv davhlau khaub ncaws yog tsis tsim nyog. kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas tau npaum li cas ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm cov num.

Luv luv biography ntawm tus poj astronaut

Tag nrho nws lub neej txoj kev taug kev mus nyob rau hauv flights rau rau siab ua Vladimir Komarov tuag. Biography ntawm tus hero qhia no. Nws yug los astronaut nyob rau hauv 1927. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16, tom qab ib tug xya-xyoo tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam, nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv cov cua Force tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog tsuas yog ib lub hom phiaj: ua ib lub ntawm cov legendary tsov rog Soviet pilots, tab sis lub diploma nws tau txais xwb thaum xaus ntawm hostilities.

Cov nram qab no xyoo, tom qab tso tawm ntawm Komarov tsiv mus rau Bataysk. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Serov College ntawm cov tub rog Aviation nyob rau hauv 1949, nws nkag mus hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm ib tug tub rog fighter tsav nyob rau hauv lub North District. Tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv Grozny, nws tau ntsib nrog Valentina. Qhia ntawv sib yuav Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Los ntawm ib tug tub rog fighter rau qhov chaw Test

Nyob rau hauv 1952, Komarov twb dua pauv mus rau cov kev pab cuam. Lub sij hawm no, nws qhov chaw tshiab ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Ukrainian nroog ntawm Mukachevo. Raws li ib tug senior tsav rau xya xyoo, Komarov tau txuas ntxiv mus tsim, kev kawm thiab loj hlob raws li ib tug professional. Cosmonaut nyob rau hauv 1959 tau txais kev kawm ntawv, kawm tiav los ntawm lub Academy muaj npe tom qab N. E. Zhukovskogo. Ntxiv mus, nws cov hauj lwm txuas ntxiv nyob rau lub xeev kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Red Banner Cua Dag Zog Yuam.

Institution txawv los ntawm yav dhau los kev tshawb fawb institutes tub ntxhais qhov chaw - kuaj qhov tseeb qauv ntawm aircraft. Tsiv no tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, kom neeg tuag taus rau Komarov - nws yog no hais tias nws twb muaj txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub spacecraft, uas twb txwv tsis pub rau kis. Twb tau nyob rau 1961, nws pib los npaj rau flights rau qhov "East" thiab "Xibfwb".

Qhov kawg lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej Komarova

Vladimir Komarov twb sib cog lus nrog Yuriem Gagarinym, thiab tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv yog tseem fwm. Lub tswv yim yog hais tias cov yoov tshaj cum yuav tsis qhib rau sab laug roj teeb. Cia li ua ntej yuav tsaws Gagarin qhia los npaj rau qhov kawg ua lag luam, ua tib zoo thiab xyuam xim kho nws tus kheej-timer, tsom rau lub hli. Komarov hais tias txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, nws yog liam nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum thiab ntswj kom nruj koj lub rooj koj cov menyuam. Gagarin xav ua pa tob tob thaum tsaws, thiab tom qab Komarov teb: "Ua tsaug rau koj, muab tag nrho ..." - kev sib cuag nrog nws instantly tawg. Hais tias yog tag nrho koj yuav tsum tau hais rau lub caij Vladimir Komarov. Cosmonaut, lub xeem lo lus uas yuav tau hnov lub neeg tuav xov tooj, yuav nyob mus ib txhis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas paub nws.

Tus ntaus ntawv mus sau tom qab tawm hauv cov cua. Nrhiav aircraft yog pom, thiab cov pilots pom lub lub community launch ntawm tus tsav chute. Ntxiv mus, lawv tshaj tawm hais tias lub nkoj twb hlawv tiag tiag. Cov kab lus kawg yog tuag taus. Lub nkoj ntes tau hluav taws, thiab nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich paub hais tias perish. Tsis muaj leej twg paub yuav ua li cas nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej. Tag nrho Raug Rho Tawm Haujlwm: thiab Logbook, thiab on-board recorder.

Raws li Legend, lub pilots nrog cov kev tshawb fawb aircraft liam hnov cursing astronaut, tab sis qhov no yog ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Hnov lub suab nws tsuas yog tau ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov yog nyob rau ntawm lub ntsiab kaus poob los straps, tab sis qhia rau nws twb tsis yuav tsum tau.

Hmo ntuj Plaub Hlis Ntuj 25 Vladimir Komarov tseem raug coj mus rau lub Burdenko tsev kho mob. Vershinin tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Hmoob, Cua Marshal rau officially thov ncaim nej cov rau cov neeg tuag, tab sis thaum nws pom dab tsi twb tshuav, tam sim ntawd kom hlawv cev.

Qhov kev tshawb xyuas pom tias?

Soj ntsuam kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Komarov thiab kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub "Union", ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas taw commission pib. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, cov teeb meem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshawb kawm Ustinov. Raws li cov hauj lwm version ntawm lub xwm txheej no coj qhov chaw los ntawm kev huam yuaj, peb xa mus rau lub coincidence.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas - kev. Hwj chim tsav chute yog npaum li cas weaker tshaj lub ntsiab thiab yuav tsis rub nws tawm vim hais tias ntawm lub txeeb ntawm cov compression siab nyob rau hauv lub thawv phab ntsa, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tsis muaj txaus rigidity. Twb indicted designers, koom ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub kaus poob los compartment rau hauv lub nkoj, raws li lub creators ntawm no kaus poob los system. Los ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm tau yees duab thawj designer Tkachev thiab nws deputy Mishin.

Txij li thaum 1971 - uas tsis muaj xwm txheej

Tom qab 1.5 xyoo tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntaus - txoj kev tuag ntawm cosmonaut Komarov rau lub "Union", lub nram qab no ya cosmonaut Georgiy Beregovoy nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1969, raws li tau zoo raws li nyias - Khrunov thiab cov Elixas. Ob tug ships nyob rau hauv orbit yog tseem docked, yog twb nyob rau hauv lub qhib qhov chaw ntawm lub astronauts twb tau tsiv los ntawm ib tug "Union" nyob rau hauv lwm yam. Qhov thib ob lub davhlau kuj tragic, tab sis lub cim ua rau nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. "Union" twb paub ua tus tshaj txhim khu kev qha ntawm tag nrho cov satellites ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab ntau qee yog nyob rau hauv 1971.

Ua siab loj thiab ua siab tawv qhawv ntawm tus hero tsis mus unnoticed los ntawm lub xeev. "Kub Star" Komarov twb posthumously muab tsub lub Puav pheej ntawm yawm rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, astronaut puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub ceeb title "Roza Vetrov", yog muab los ntawm lub International Committee rau Aeronautics thiab qhov chaw sib ntaus, qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zoo meej Vladimir Mikhailovich feat.

Niaj hnub no nws seem so nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin phab ntsa rau ntawm lub ntsiab square ntawm Moscow. cim npe dua tsis nyuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv TV. Documentary raws li tus txheej xwm ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub cim title "Space. Thawj cov ntshav. " Nws founders muaj ib tug peb-dimensional ua hauj lwm kom paub tias cov ua rau raug xwm txheej tseem ceeb nuances, uas yog tsis hais nyob rau hauv lub Soviet era. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, kaum xyoo dhau los, Berlin Symphony Orchestra ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm sau los ntawm tseem ceeb composers los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no rau Ad Astra project kev pab cuam. Cov lawv yog cov creation ntawm saab Vladimir Komarov.

Yog hais tias tej xwm txheej no nrog Komarov, "Union" twb yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kom txog rau thaum 2014. Nws coj ib nrab ib xyoo pua, thiab yog tsis zoo li los mam ib lub nkoj uas yuav kav rau ntau xyoo. Tab sis lub neej ntawm nws (nyob rau hauv pauv rau nws) tau muab tag nrho cov tib hero - Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov. Yog tsis yog hais tias heroic? Tu siab, ob peb cov neeg paub nws, unjustly ... Tab sis tam sim no, kev paub txog lub dab neeg tu siab thiab mob siab domestic Komarova, uas nws lub npe yuav tsum muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug par nrog rau lwm tus poj testers yuav tsum hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm nws.