Poet Alexei Surkov - cov kev txaus siab ntawm Yaroslavl av

Nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl, peb ua ib tug daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau seb cov neeg nyob ntawm tus naas ej song "Nyob rau hauv lub dugout," paub. Cov neeg ntawm tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog nrog Library coj li cov ntawv nyeem, yuav luag tsis muaj mistaking cov lus. Tab sis mus rau npe rau tus sau yuav tsis yog txhua txhua. Soviet kws sau paj lug Alexei Surkov, uas nws biography yog mus ib txhis txuas nrog lub Yaroslavl cheeb tsam yog tus sau ntawm tus naas ej kab uas tuaj ntawm nws cwj mem thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Yuav ua li cas yog paub txog no txawv tshaj plaw txiv neej?

"Cov neeg"

Yug ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig (01/10/1899) nyob rau hauv lub zos me me Serednevo (Rybinsk koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Yaroslavl xeev) nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm peasants, Alexei Surkov pib qhia ntawv rau hauv ib lub zos lub tsev kawm ntawv, muaj absorbed txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov thiab cov simplicity ntawm neej nyob deb nroog. Uas qhia siab rau cov kev kawm, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 nws tau mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws muaj nyob rau hauv tus tswv lub tsev thiab khwv tau nyiaj. Cov chav no twb hu ua "neeg", tab sis nws tso cai rau tus tub hluas mus nyeem ntawv xov xwm thiab tsim. Ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm pib nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug apprentice nyob rau hauv lub tshuab luam ntawv lub tsev, kav rooj tog, joinery. Kiv puag ncig nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub coj mus muag qhov chaw nres nkoj, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm weigher.

Nyob rau hauv 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" luam tawm ib co nqe A. Gutuevsky. Qhov no alias chiv xaiv rau nws tus kheej Alexei Surkov, uas nws yees duab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Nws yog nws thawj los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Kaum yim cov tub hluas, nws yog sau mus rau hauv lub Red Army, pab raws li ib tug tshuab gunner thiab scout nees kom txog thaum 1922.

"Solo"

Nyob rau hauv peacetime, lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug rov qab mus rau lub tsev me me, qhov uas nws koom prosvetrabotoy. Kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1924 thawj nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob sib ze lub zos, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev pheeb suab-nyeem ntawv chav tsev, nyob deb nroog correspondent ua ib tug hauv zos lub nroog ntawv xov xwm. Lub profession ntawm journalist sai ua lub ntsiab A. Surkov. Twb "Qhov tseeb" nyob rau hauv 1924, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawv xov xwm luam tawm nws cov tshiab cov kwv huam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1925 nws ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Congress of Writers xeev. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, pub ntxiv tshaj qhov CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov yog nyob rau hauv lub Komsomol, ua thaum uas tig mus rau lub correspondent nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsim xeev ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "North Komsomolets". Peb lub xyoo (1926-1928) nws coj nws li thawj editor, nce kev los ntawm 2 lub sij hawm thiab tsim ib tug "Literary Kaum", qhov uas lawv yuav tau sau pib paj huam thiab prose sau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1928 nws delegate mus Moscow ntawm qhov kuv Congress of Writers, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Yaroslavl cheeb tsam, nws tsis tuaj rov qab, raug xaiv mus rau lub RAPP. Thaum pib ntawm no poetic creativity muab tso rau lub thawj sau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1930. Nws twb hu ua "Solo." Verses txawv nom tswv pom tseeb tseeb thiab kev nkag siab ntawm patriotism uas yog heev npaum li cas nyob rau hauv coob. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo los yeej yug los kws sau paj lug Alexei Surkov.

Tom qab: Raws li tus tswv lub tsev neeg

Tom qab ua ib tug tsis tu ncua ntawm kev sau ntawv cov rooj sib tham, cov kws sau paj lug raws li nrog Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, nws yav tom ntej tus poj niam. Qhov ob peb yug los ob tug me nyuam: ib tug tub yug los nyob rau hauv 1928. Alex Natalia thiab tus ntxhais yug nyob rau hauv 1938 Thaum lub sij hawm tsov ua rog, tsev neeg yuav tau evacuated mus Chistopol, nws yog muaj los ntawm pem hauv ntej sau lawv cov tsiaj ntawv Alexei Surkov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tus ntxhais yuav xaiv rau lawv tus kheej lub profession ntawm journalism, ua musicology. Tub yuav cov tub rog, cov cua Force colonel.

30s raug cim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias A. Surkov tau ua rau cov tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv: nws tsis tsuas yog kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Red professors, tab sis kuj defended nws dissertation thiab ua xib fwb nyob rau Literary lub koom haum. Tsis txhob cia nws, thiab editorial ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog M. Gorky nyob rau hauv "Literary kev tshawb fawb" magazine thaum lub sij hawm. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv LOKAFe, tseem sau kwv huam thiab cov nkauj hais txog lub heroes ntawm lub Civil War: "phooj ywg", "offensive", "teb koj chaw loj nteev." Ib txhia tej hauj lwm yog cov zaj nkauj: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

tsov rog correspondent

"Combat onslaught", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - cov ntaub ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv 1939 luam tawm voenkor Alexei Surkov. Cov kws sau paj lug coj ib feem nyob rau hauv ob cov tub rog tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog: tus Finnish phiaj los nqis tes thiab cov phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv Western Belarus. Txawm tias neprizyvnoy muaj hnub nyoog, los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm tsov rog nws raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej, nce nyob rau hauv 1943 rau cov nyob qib ntawm lieutenant colonel. Muaj nws yuav tau raws li muaj ntau yam paj huam ntawm tsov rog xyoo. Hais tias nws yuav mob siab Konstantin Simonov tus naas ej kab: "Koj puas nco qab, Alesha, Smolensk txoj kev ...".

Raws li Hmoob editor ntawm lub "New World", nws luam tawm kwv huam, satires thiab zaj nkauj ntawm lub heroic lub sij hawm. Nws yuav tsum luam tawm ob peb collections ntawm cov kwv huam, "Kwv huam ntawm kev sib ntxub", "offensive", "Soldier lub plawv". Nyob rau hauv 1942 nws tau ze li ntawm tuag ntawm Rzhev, tom qab ntawd sau poignant kab:

"Thiab lub mos txwv unharmed, thiab lub tshav kub tsis yog lub burning,

Kuv taug kev raws tus ntug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.

Nws yog pom los ntawm kev txom nyem nws niam exorbitant

Thaum txoj kev hlub ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm kuv ... "

Tab sis qhov tseem nrov zaj nkauj yuav nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Cov lawv: "Cov Song ntawm lub siab tawv", "Song ntawm lub defenders ntawm Moscow" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tus naas ej "dugout".

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm "dugouts"

Lub song yug nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1942 nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Istria (lub zos ntawm Kashino, Moscow Thaj av), qhov chaw uas nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug minefield. Nws yeej xav tias ua ntej nws tuag, tsuas yog ib tug ob peb kauj ruam. Thaum qhov kev nyab xeeb tau dhau, tag nrho cov lub tsho loj nraud muaj shrapnel nplawm. Txawm nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tau yug los lub npe nrov kab ntawm cov paj huam xa mus rau Chistopol tus poj niam. Thaum tsab nyob composer Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov muab nws ib txhais tes sau cov kab, thiab ib lub lim tiam tom qab ntawd ib tug song thawj ua los ntawm nws tus phooj ywg Mikhail Savin.

Los ntawm nws thawj tsos ntawm nws tam sim ntawd mus rau pem hauv ntej, ua ib tug nyiam daim ntawm cov tub rog. Nws hu nkauj Lidiya Ruslanova, thiab chiv txawm tso cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis, ces lawv twb tag pov tseg, raws li kev nom kev tswv neeg ua hauj lwm pom decadence nyob rau hauv cov kab ntawm cov paj huam thiab hais kom hloov cov lus. Tab sis lub song tau ploj mus rau cov neeg. Muaj pov thawj tias cov tub rog mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, kev qw: "Hu nkauj, harmonica, los daus loj tis!" Lub npe nrov song los ntawm lub zos ntawm Kashino ib tug monument. Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag paub txog tus sau, uas ua haujlwm rau lub voj voog nyob rau hauv 1946 twb muab tsub lub State nqi zog.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Tom qab tsov rog, Alexei Surkov, uas nws biography tau ua nrog cov neeg sab nrauv thiab hauv lub xeev cov kev ua ub, raws li thawj editor ntawm "Ogonyok" thiab rector ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Literature tau ua ib tug ntau rau discovering tshiab txuj ci. Nws luam tawm Anna Akhmatova, los tiv thaiv nws lub npe nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Yauxej Stalin. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog ib tug ntseeg nplog liab, nws tsis paub txog lub tswv yim Boris Pasternak, txheem Solzhenitsyn thiab Andrei Sakharov. Poet rau ob peb lub xyoo, yuav tau coj los ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Writers.

Nyob rau hauv 1969, tsoom fwv yuav noj peb caug nws tau Star ntawm lub Hero ntawm lub zog achievements. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv 1983, rau ntau nws yuav ua tau ib tug zoo kawg li paj huam, los ua nto moo Yaroslavl av.