Volcanic tuffs: zog thiab daim ntawv thov

Yuav ua li cas siv yuav tsum yog los ntawm volcanic eruptions? Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws yog ib tug natural kev puas tsuaj, uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim, thiab tej zaum kuj txawm kiag paralyzes lub neej mus txog ze. Tab sis raws li cov phenomena yog inevitable, nws tseem tau mus pom nyob rau hauv lawv ib co kev pab - raws li ib tug tshwm sim muaj volcanic tuffs. Cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom no yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau vim hais tias ntawm nws cov cim zog. Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Tuffs: lub zog

Raws li ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug volcanic uas, tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ib tug heev txawv pes tsawg leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd mas nws txawv thiab cov kev ceev, uas muaj feem xyuam rau tau siv cov khoom siv no rau ib qho hom phiaj. Txawm ib point nyob ze volcanic tuffs yuav muaj ntau compositions, nyob ntawm seb qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub hom eruptions thiab niam txiv cov pob zeb.

Txawm li cas los, ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov khoom muaj ib txwm porosity. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub volcanic pob zeb yog sintered zoo cov khib nyiab thiab seem ntawm tshauv thiab xuab zeb. Thiaj li, nws muaj zog heev muaj dej thiab te kuj, raws li zoo raws li lightness. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tufa thiab tseem kuj mos mos, tab sis nws yog nyob rau qhov kev kuaj. Qhov no feature ua rau nws tau lis no hom ntawm cov pob zeb tsis muaj kev siv nyuab cov cuab yeej - tsuas yog los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug pom thiab ib tug taus. Yog li lub zog volcanic tuffs yog tsis inferior mus, piv txwv li, granite. Tab sis lub neej coj thaj chaw ntawm ib yam dab tsi txawm superior.

Lub npe mus rov qab mus rau lub Latin tofus - yog li nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog tam sim no rau yav qab teb Ltalis hu ua tag nrho cov pob zeb zoo li haiv. Txawm niaj hnub no qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov richest nyob rau hauv lub tuff.

qauv

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tuff nrog los ntawm ib tug outpouring ntawm nruab nrab los yog acidic kuj khov Lavas. Kua tsim ib tug yooj yim pob zeb nquag thaum lub sij hawm underwater eruptions. Lawv yog cov yooj yim haum mus ua txhaum down av nplaum.

Txij li thaum lub teb eruptions yuav pw ntau hom, qhov kawg khoom tej zaum yuav txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg: muaj ntau basalt, liparitovyh, trachyte, andesite thiab lwm tus.

hom

Nyob rau ob peb yam tseem ceeb xws li lub hom thiab qhov chaw ntawm tsim ntawm niam txiv cov pob zeb, tuff zog tej zaum yuav txawv. Qhov no yog thaws rov los tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws pawg thiab ceev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov xim.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub xim palette ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tsis tshua muaj neeg: nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj, tej zaum, tag nrho cov ntxoov - los ntawm dawb thiab mis nyuj rau greenish, tsaus xim av, grey thiab dub. Txawm li cas los, lub tom kawg yog heev tsis tshua muaj.

Tsis yeej ib txwm tuff txawv uas tsis muaj kev ceev thiab softness - thaum ntev spresovyvanii nws yuav nws thiaj li yuav hloov mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas poob lawm nws porosity thiab yog piv nyob rau hauv cov khoom txawm nrog obsidian.

deposit

Tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub ntau yam yog tuff, uas yog mined nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Artik nyob rau hauv Armenia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog qhov loj tshaj plaws teb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no mus yug tawm zoo coj los vim nws cov yam ntxwv violet-liab xim. Local deposits loj loj - ib tug txheej ntawm 6-7 meters lus dag cia li ib tug ob peb centimeters ntawm cov av. Nyob rau hauv Armenia, muaj lwm qhov chaw pob zeb - Ani, qhov twg nws ua ib tug daj-txiv kab ntxwv tuff.

Tseem muaj ntau yam pauv loj explored deposits nyob ze Naples thiab Rome, nyob rau hauv Iceland, cov neeg Asmeskas koom pheej ntawm dhaus Cape Verde. Tsawg uas nws kim heev deposits muaj nyob rau hauv Kabardino-Balkaria thiab Kamchatka nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, Georgia, Iran, New Zealand, Azerbaijan, lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Yellowstone Chaw ua si nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev loj exporter ntawm pob zeb yog qaib ntxhw, uas kuj muaj ib co tej yam ntuj tso reserves.

Ua thiab daim ntawv thov

Raws li twb tau hais, feem ntau ntawm cov volcanic tuffs txig amenable mus rau txiav. Qhov no feature ua rau nws tau siv cov ntaub ntawv uas ua ntej lub advent ntawm sophisticated cov cuab yeej. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws tau tso cai rau siv tuff rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev nyob. Zoo nkauj suab thiab tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev tau ua no cov ntaub ntawv uas indispensable rau nyob. Txawm shaping nrog tufa ho pab txoj kev qhov teeb meem no, qhov ntau yog li ntawd nws yog zoo kawg nkaus suited rau cov hniav hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov hom tawv tuff kuj seysmoustochivy. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm ltalis nyob rau hauv Armenia thiab tam sim no koj yuav saib tau tag nrho lub nroog ua los ntawm cov khoom no. Ib txhia tsev ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob twj ywm unchanged rau ob peb centuries, yog tu ncua raug teeb meem loj kub hloov mus hloov los. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yuav tsum tau hu ua tuff thiab tsis tau check heev.

Lwm txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov - nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus particulate daim ntawv multipurpose compositions rau kev tsim kho. Piv txwv li, ib co ntau yam yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm underwater lug. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog tias koj xav tias yuav raug mus rau hiav txwv dej, uas lub volcanic pob zeb yog zoo kawg nkaus resists, li no mus pab tau txoj lub stability thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog ntxiv.

Lwm yam ntawm pob zeb raws li additives txo qhov kub qhov chaw ntawm qhob, li no tiv thaiv ntes. Feem ntau, volcanic tuff thiab siv tau rau sculptures. Piv txwv li, tus naas ej saum on Easter Island - Moai - txiav nws tawm ntawm cov khoom no. Yuav kom ib tus twg lesser tuffs tau tau muab siv rau qhov siv thiab ua me me khoom vaj khoom tsev.

Ntxiv mus, qhov no hom ntawm cov pob zeb thiab muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback rau tej hom phiaj - nws yuav tsis tau polished los yog tsawg kawg muab nws ib tug sleek zoo. Thaum txhua yam ntawm kev kho mob, nws tseem ntxhib pob zeb, uas, li cas los xij, tej zaum txawm ua ib tug kom zoo dua.

dag tuff

Nws nkawd hais tias tsuas xwm yuav tsim xws li ib tug zoo meej khoom. Thiab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws twb xav hais tias txoj kev nws yog. Cuaj kaum, lub sij hawm cov neeg tau kawm kom tau ib yam dab tsi zoo li hais tias tsis muaj kev koom tes los ntawm volcanoes. Dag los yog gipertuf tau nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm xuab zeb, MAAs thiab peat. Nyob rau hauv cov hniav hom phiaj feem ntau kuj ntxiv colorants. Txawm li cas los, tus txiv neej-ua sib npaug enjoyed ntau tsawg nrov li muab piv rau tus lawm tab analogue, thiab ib tug ntawm ob peb lub chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov los ua ib tug toj roob hauv pes tsim.