Friedrich Schiller: biography, muaj tswv yim, cov tswv yim

Tej hauj lwm ntawm Friedrich Schiller muaj lub thiaj li hu ua era ntawm "Sturm und Drang" - kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, rau cov uas twb tsiag ntawv los ntawm rejection ntawm classicism thiab hloov mus rau Romanticism. Nws npog txog ob xyoo lawm: 1760-1780 xyoo. Nws twb cim los ntawm cov ntawv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm tej renowned sau phau ntawv li Iogann Gete, Christian Schubart thiab lwm tus neeg.

Luv luv biography ntawm tus kws

Duchy ntawm Wurttemberg, uas tau yug los Friedrich Schiller, twb nyob rau lub teb chaws ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws. Cov kws sau paj lug yug nyob rau hauv 1759 nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm lub qis kawm ntawv. Nws txiv yog ib tug regimental kho mob pab, thiab nws niam - tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug neeg ua mov ci. Txawm li cas los, tus tub hluas uas tau txais ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv: nws kawm nyob rau cov tub rog Academy, qhov uas nws kawm kev cai lij choj thiab jurisprudence, thiab ces, tom qab cov kev hloov ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Stuttgart, coj li tshuaj.

Tom qab staging nws thawj acclaimed ua si "Cov tub sab," tus hluas txawj sau ntawv tau exiled los ntawm nws haiv neeg duchy, thiab lub ib thooj ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Weimar. Friedrich Schiller yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Goethe thiab txawm sib nrog nws nyob rau hauv sau ntawv ballads. Kws ntawv fond ntawm philosophy, keeb kwm thiab cov paj huam. Nws yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub University of jenÅ, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Emanu-es Kant sau philosophical tej hauj lwm, koom nyob rau hauv publishing, ua cov phau ntawv Magazine "xwsli", "Almanac ntawm lub Muses." Playwright tuag nyob rau hauv Weimar nyob rau hauv 1805.

Cov kev ua si "Cov tub sab" thiab cov thawj zoo

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov hluas twb nrov heev ib tug romantic mus ob peb vas, uas yog tseem nqa tam sim ntawd thiab Friedrich Schiller. Lub ntsiab tswv yim luv luv tuab nws ua hauj lwm yog cov nram qab no: lub pathos ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, kev thuam ntawm lub sab sauv haiv neeg, aristocracy, nom tswv cajceg thiab nrog rau cov neeg uas, txawm yog vim li cas, twb muab tso tseg los ntawm no zej zog.

Nto moo sau ntawv tau txais tom qab staging nws ua yeeb yam "cov tub sab" nyob rau hauv 1781. Qhov no ua si txawv dog dig naïve thiab pompous romantic fervor, tab sis nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus tuav ntse dynamic cuab ntxhiab thiab tshav kub uas mob siab rau. Lub hauv paus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm teeb meem ntawm ob tug kwv tij, Karl thiab Franz moor. Siab phem txaus ntshai Franz nrhiav mus nyiag nws tus tij laug qub txeeg qub tes, qub txeeg qub teg, thiab nkawv - Kuzinu Amaliyu.

Tej kev tsis ncaj ncees ua rau yus Charles mus rau cov tub sab, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tswj kom muaj nws lub meej mom thiab noble yawm. Cov khoom yog ib tug zoo poj, li cas los xij, coj tus sau nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem: vim hais tias ntawm tsis tau tso cai qhaj ntawv, nws twb rau txim, thiab tom qab raug rho tawm los ntawm nws haiv neeg duchy.

Drama 1780s

"Tub sab 'zoo sim hawm caij nyoog rau cov hluas playwright los tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo-paub tej hauj lwm uas tau ua classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1783 nws tau sau cov kev ua si "intrigue thiab Kev Hlub", "kev koom tes ntawm Fiesco nyob rau hauv Genoa" nyob rau hauv 1785 - "Ode rau Joy". Nyob rau hauv no series, nws yuav tsum tau singled tawm sau ntawv "intrigue thiab Kev Hlub", uas yog hu ua tus thawj "bourgeois qee", raws li nws tau thawj lub sij hawm cov txawj sau ntawv kwv uas artistic dluab yog tsis muaj teeb meem noble nobles, thiab kev txom nyem ntawm tej yam yooj yim ntxhais ntawm humble keeb kwm. "Ode rau Joy" yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm tus sau, uas tau qhia nws tus kheej tsis yog ib tug zoo kawg novelist, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ci ntsa iab kws sau paj lug.

Plays ntawm lub 1790s

Friedrich Schiller fond ntawm keeb kwm, nyob rau hauv uas lub kawm sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws dramas. Nyob rau hauv 1796 nws tau tsim cov kev ua si "Wallenstein", nplooj siab mus rau lub commander ntawm lub Peb caug xyoo ua tsov ua rog (1618-1648 xyoo). Nyob rau hauv 1800 nws tau sau rau hauv tus yeebyam "Maria Stuart", uas zoo heev tau ncaim mus lawm los ntawm lub keeb kwm neej, ua rau tus kwv uas artistic sawv cev ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm ob tug poj niam rivals. Qhov tseeb, txawm li cas los, tsis detract los ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov zajlus ua yeeb yam.

Nyob rau hauv 1804 Friedrich Schiller sau cov kev ua si "William Qhia", nplooj siab mus rau lub nriaj ntawm lub Swiss cov neeg tawm tsam Austrian txoj cai. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog permeated nrog lub pathos ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj siab uas yog li ntawd cov yam ntxwv ntawm creativity cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "Sturm und Drang". Nyob rau hauv 1805 cov txawj sau ntawv pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus yeebyam "Demethi-aus", mob siab rau cov txheej xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, tab sis cov kev ua si tseem tsis tiav.

Tus nqi creation Schiller kos duab

Plays cov txawj sau ntawv muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai. Yuav ua li cas sau Friedrich Schiller, nws yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam V. Zhukovsky, Lermontov, uas txhais nws ballads. Plays playwright tau txais kev pab raws li lub hauv paus rau lub creation ntawm kuj zoo kawg ua yeeb yam ntawm cov kev Italian composers ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Beethoven kawg ib feem ntawm nws nto moo Cuaj Symphony muab tso rau hauv lub "Ode rau Joy" los ntawm Schiller. Nyob rau hauv 1829, Rossini tsim lub opera "William Qhia", raws li nyob rau hauv nws ua yeeb yam; no ua hauj lwm yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer.

Nyob rau hauv 1835 G. G. Donitsetti sau tau ib cov opera "Mariya Styuart", tau muab ntaus rau hauv ib tug series ntawm nws cov suab paj nruas compositions, nplooj siab mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm ces XVI caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1849 G. D. yam tsim lub opera "Luisa Miller" raws li tus yeebyam "Hlub thiab intrigue". Opera tsis tau txais ntau npaum li cas tej chaw, tab sis tau undoubted suab paj nruas nqis. Yog li, tus ntawm Schiller rau lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai loj loj, thiab qhov no piav txog cov kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thiab nyob rau hauv peb hnub.