PODZOLIC av yog tus podsolic txheej txheem. Nws siab tshaj plaws raug qhia nyob rau hauv lub coniferous hav zoov.

Nws nyob ntawm no muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau nws cov zaj: dej yaug hom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - ruaj khov-acidic, corrosive organic acids.

Khib sawv cev mas fiber, tannins thiab lignin, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - acidic, tab sis calcium oxide thiab muaj tsis txaus. Nws decomposed mas fungi, thiab nws yeej txhawb lub tsim ntawm corrosive fulvic acids. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sab qaum khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av raug si nyhav ntxuav tawm soluble sib txuas thiab no: kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov av minerals. Thaum lub sij hawm cov dab yaj cov khoom ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab, ua ke nrog ib tug acid thiab dej yog rho hauv qab no.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - sawv sib nrug podzolic los yog eluvial qab ntug, nyob rau qhov uas tsis muaj hwj chim caij rau cov nroj tsuag, sesqui oxides ntawm txhuas thiab hlau, xuab zeb hais, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm crystalline quartz (SiO2) thiab amorphous silica (SiO2 • H2 O) los ua uas no ntug thiab tshuav nws lub teeb gray xim, li cov xim ntawm cov ntoo tshauv.

Ib txhia ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau raug ntxuav los ntawm podsolic qab ntug thiab litter, yog tsau rau hauv qab no eluvial txheej thiab tsim tau ib cov qab ntug washout - illuvial txheej. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov av nplaum thiab colloidal hais ntawm hlau oxides thiab txhuas, phosphorus tebchaw thiab ib co ntawm humus. Cov xim ntawm no ntug yog feem ntau reddish-xim av.

Ib tug tej yam nqi ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau raug ntxuav los ntawm lub qaum nce mus txog ntawm lub subsoil dej yog poob thiab cov av profile. Yog li ntawd, lub essence ntawm cov podzolic txheej txheem manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj rau cov zaub mov saum toj ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug acid cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub tom ntej redistribution ntawm cov khoom ntawm lawv kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov profile. Nws yog tseem ntseeg hais tias tus txheej txheem no tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lessivage (tshem tawm ntawm lub sab sauv av khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av nplaum hais tsis rhuav tseg lawv cov qauv).

Podzolic av profile muaj cov nram qab qauv: A 2 O + A + B + C

Ib tug O - ib tug litter, ib tug tuab ntawm 3 - 5 centimeters, uas muaj tej decomposed thiab undecomposed residues ntxhuab, Lichen, koob, pieces ntawm daim tawv thiab cov zoo li.

A 2 - yog eluvial los yog podzolic txheej yog whitish los yog dawb-grey, muaj ib tug lub cev tsis kho stratified-platy qauv los zoo rau nws structureless, thickness ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib tug Meter.

B - yog illuvial liab-xim av los yog xim av txheej tuab, muaj ib tug prismatic los yog blocky qauv, ib tug tuab ntawm ib 'meter', nws yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv subhorizons - B 1, B 2, thiab thiaj li nyob.

C - yog niam txiv pob zeb yog sawv cev feem ntau carbonate-free av nplaum los yog av zoo ua qoob. Ntawm ciam teb ntawm litter thiab podsolic qab ntug yuav faib txheej A 0 A 1, ib tug tuab ntawm 2 - 3 cm, muaj raws ntawm ib tug zoo hauv qab ntawm litter decomposed los yog dawb lias tshuaj humus qaum txheej mineral profile A 1 2.

Podzolic av rau cov khoom unfavorable rau loj hlob cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv nws. Lub humus qab ntug muaj suab tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - xav acidic (pH 4.0-4.5 =), nws haum muaj peev xwm - los ntawm 3 mus rau 15 mg • eq / 100 grams ntawm cov av, uas yog heev me me. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, podzolic me ntsis noo nrog bases - los ntawm 30 mus rau 40%.

As-ham xws li phosphorus, poov tshuaj, nitrogen thiab lwm leej lwm tus yog tseem me me. Podsolic av structureless, ua luam dej tom qab los nag daim ntawv ib tug txaus tuab ncuav mog qab zib tom qab kom qhuav. Tag nrho cov no muaj ib tug tsis zoo ntxim rau cov nroj tsuag.

Rau cov sau qoob rau xws teb chaws, lawv yuav tsum tau limed, ua kev cai siab dua ntawm ob organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Laij podzolic xau xav tau ib tug tob ntawm 24 centimeters thiab xyuas kom meej lawv kev kho mob raws li cov kev cai.