Plastids yuav ua tau txawv: hom, qauv, muaj nuj nqi

Muaj ntau roughly paub dab tsi lub plastids los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm Botany hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb, lub plastids tej zaum yuav ntau daim, ntau thiab tsawg pab thiab ua txawv zog nyob rau hauv lub cell. Qhov tsab xov xwm koj nco tias koj cov qauv ntawm cov plastids, lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev khiav dej num ntawm cov neeg uas twb kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, thiab yuav pab tau rau leej twg los xav nyob rau hauv biology.

qauv

Cov duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias ib tug schematic qauv ntawm cov plastids nyob rau hauv ib lub cell. Txawm li cas los ntawm nws cov daim ntawv, nws muaj cov sab nraud thiab sab hauv daim nyias nyias, ib tug tiv nuj nqi, stroma - analogue cytoplasm ribosomal DNA molecule enzymes.

Nyob rau hauv chloroplasts muaj tshwj xeeb lug - grana. Grana thylakoids tsim los ntawm - lug, zoo ib yam li cov disks. Thylakoids yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ATP thiab oxygen.

Nyob rau hauv chloroplasts cov hmoov txhuv nplej granules yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts tsis pigmented. Lawv ua tsis tau tam sim no thylakoids, lawv tsis coj ib feem nyob rau hauv photosynthesis. Feem ntau ntawm leucoplasts feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub qia thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Chromoplasts yog muaj li ntawm lipid mob - lug muaj lipids tsim nyog los muab ntxiv zog qauv ntawm plastids.

Plastids yuav txawv xim, ntau thiab tsawg pab thiab nrhiav. Lawv ntau thiab tsawg pab thaj tsam li ntawm 5-10 microns. Tus duab yog feem ntau round los yog dawb, tiam sis tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam.

hom plastids

Plastids yuav ua tau tsis muaj kob (leucoplasts), ntsuab (chloroplasts), daj los yog txiv kab ntxwv (chromoplasts). Nws muab chloroplasts ntawm tsob nroj yoojyim ntsuab.

Lwm yam ntawm plastids, chromoplasts, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov daj, liab los yog txiv kab ntxwv xim.

Tsis muaj kob plastids nyob rau hauv ib lub cell cov nuj nqi ntawm as cia. Leucoplasts yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj, starches, cov nqaijrog thiab enzymes. Thaum cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau ntxiv zog rau phua lub hmoov txhuv nplej monomers - qabzib.

Leucoplasts nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob (los ntawm tshav ntuj los yog los ntawm kev ntxiv tshuaj) yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub chloroplast, chloroplasts yog hloov mus rau hauv chromoplasts, thaum chlorophyll puas lawm thiab nyob rau hauv coloring pigments pib mus rau tus thawj chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin los yog xanthophyll. Qhov no pom yog hnov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau hloov xim vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm chlorophyll pigments thiab ces chromoplasts.

zog

Raws li hais saum toj no, plastids yuav tau sib txawv, thiab lawv muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell nyob ntawm ntau yam.

Leucoplasts yog siv feem ntau rau cia cov as-ham thiab cog lub neej pab txhawb nqa vim tus muaj peev xwm mus khaws thiab coj los ua ke cov nqaijrog, lipids, enzymes.

Chloroplasts ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub concentrated xim chlorophyll nyob rau hauv lub plastids ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thiab lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm dej lwg me me nyob rau hauv qab zib thiab cov pa molecules.

Chromoplasts ua tsaug rau qaim xim nyiam kab rau pollination. Kawm lub zog ntawm cov plastids yog tseem mus tsis tu ncua.