Tsim, Science
Petr Berngardovich Struve: biography, tswv yim, pab mus rau Sociology
Petr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nuj nqis thiab politicians. Nws nyiam muaj xws li economics, journalism, keeb kwm thiab philosophy.
Petr Berngardovich Struve: ib tug luv luv biography
Yug rau hauv ib lub tsev neeg Berngarda Struve, uas yog tus tswv xeev ntawm Perm, Peter tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo.
Nws thawj thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv yog lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Tom qab tus tub hluas txiav txim siab mus rau tawm hauv niam txiv lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev AM Kalmykova hloov nws niam, nws mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub nroog.
Nws mob siab rau rau Marxist ziag yog li ntawd muaj zog, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm ib tug thematic voj voog. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Petr Berngardovich Struve nws kawm kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1894, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm nws tau mus xyuas Austria, qhov twg nws yog xib fwb ntawm Sociology L. Gumplowicz. Nws yog ntawm no tias Petus txiav txim siab los ua ib tug kws xam nyiaj txiag.
Pib ntawm journalistic kev ua ub no
Tus thawj tsab xov xwm, uas sau thiab luam tawm Petr Berngardovich Struve, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov German Social-ywj pheej ntawv xov xwm thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv Austria.
Ntsiab lus cov kev ua ub Struve raws li ib tug publicist, nws yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob yam nram qab no txhua lwm yam theem:
- Pre-revolutionary. Xov xwm, cov khoom thiab cov tsab ntawv, sau ntawv ua ntej 1907, yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab kev thuam ntawm Marx lub theories. lawv kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam cov evolution ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Peter nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev lag luam thiab Sociology.
- Post-revolutionary. Kev ua ub no Struve nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog tus tawm tsam kom tau khaws cia txoj kev sib sau ntawm Russia. Tsis tas li ntawd tshwm thuam aimed ntawm lub revolutionary maximalism.
Nyob rau hauv kev, tam sim no tej xwm txheej ua hauj lwm no daim duab sawv cev scale ua hauj lwm, qhia txog thiab cais nrog dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tib neeg nyob rau lub sij hawm uas, los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm Sociology.
Nom tswv views ntawm Struve thiab lawv evolution
Nws yog ib tug ardent admirer ntawm Marxism nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Struve Petr Berngardovich tom qab lub revolutionary txheej xwm ntawm 1907 Rose mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm conservative siab. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nom kev tswv transformation besprimeren, tab sis counterbalance nom tswv qualities ntawm Peter tau txais kev pab nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, Sociology, Philology thiab philosophy. Hais lus ntawm nws tus kheej, Petr Berngardovich Struve pom tias nws qhov chaw nyob yuav tsis tsum tau txiav txim kom pom tseeb rau ntawm tog-kev nom kev tswv meridians.
Vim hais tias ntawm nom tswv kev ntseeg thiab activism V. I. Lenin muab Struve heev tsis zoo soj ntsuam uas cuam tshuam nws lub koob npe nrov ntau lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, daim duab ntawm nqis mention nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug sciences tau heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib tug txoj kev tsis zoo, thiab ua hauj lwm tsis tau luam tawm. Qhov teeb meem no tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub Soviet Union, thiab niaj hnub no muaj peev xwm muab npog nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab pab mus rau lub enormity ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev nom kev tswv cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Los ntawm Marxism mus rau lub mas lub zog
Lub ideological quest los hloov lub Marxist saib los philosophical idealism thiab tsis nrug conservatism, uas ua fiercely tiv thaiv Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography daim duab muaj xws li ib tug ntau ntawm nto moo npe rau pab nws nyob rau hauv denouncing lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub publishing tsev "Kawm Review" tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv 1900. Nws lub ntsiab hauj lwm daim ntawv los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav nyuaj uas twb muaj lawm regime.
Tom qab noj ib feem nyob rau hauv ib tug loj ua qauv qhia Peter exiled, nws yuav tsum tau mus rau Tver. Siv nyiaj txiag publisher D. E. Zhukovskogo, uas yog ib tug kiv cua ntawm nws, Struve muaj peev xwm los npaj cov qhov tso zis ntawm phau ntawv journal "Liberation" nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Yog xav tau kev tso cai rau tawm hauv lub journalist nug kev pab los ntawm influential cov phooj ywg.
Txawm li cas los, cov kev siv yuav tiv thaiv tsis tau sau ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub philosophical cov me nyuam yaus ntawm mas cov kev cai. Homecoming tsuas yog tsib xyoo thaum siv ib lub kiv cua, ib tug amnesty rau nom tswv nqi twb tso tawm Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography ntawm lub philosopher thiab journalist rau tom ntej no kaum xyoo ntawm lub neej, qhia txog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau Polytechnic Institute nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Keeb xeeb ib tug xib fwb, lecturer thiab txawv tshaj plaw xib fwb, nws thiaj li los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm nom tswv kev khwv nyiaj txiag.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws twb sau los ntawm lub ntsiab economic ua hauj lwm ntawm Peter ( "Economy thiab nqe"), ntau yam tagnrho uas los ua nws tus tswv thiab doctorate.
Lub sim tawm tsam Bolshevism
Lub Bolshevik kiv puag ncig muaj Struve heev tsis zoo tus cwj pwm. Zoo nkauj tsis ntev, ib tug ob peb lub hlis tom qab cov txheej xwm, Peter Struve thiab Berngardovich G. N. Trubetskoy tau mus rau lub Don. By lub sij hawm nkawd ob leeg tau lawm mej zeej ntawm lub Txoj cai Center (txhaum cai lub koom haum). Neeg ua hauj lwm tau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Volunteer Army. Muaj, Peter los ua ib tug raug xaiv mej zeej ntawm lub Don civil council, uas ua raws li ib tug nom tswv lub rooj sib tham thiab ua nyob rau hauv General Alekseev.
Tom qab cov tub rog twb yuam kom ua li no-hu ua Ice phiaj los nqis tes, Struve nyiag tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub capital. Nws muaj ntau tshaj rau lub hlis nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum cai raws li txoj cai. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, Peter koom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib qhov muaj zog anti-Bolshevik underground koom haum hu ua "National Center". Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm yog tus Moscow ceg ntawm lub koom haum.
Unfolded liab ntshai, provoked los ntawm cov tib sim rau Lenin, tus thawj coj yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub capital. Nws qho chaw yog precisely Alyatino nyob rau hauv Vologda.
Kev ua nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe
Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ib qho chaw twg mus rau lub sab qaum teb thaj av ntawm Russia, Struve twb tau mus rau Finland. Ntawm no nws thiab AV Kartashov (lwm tus neeg qhov chaw) tau ntsib nrog General N. N. Yudenichem thiab tuav cov lus hais txog cov koom haum ntawm ob leeg kev ua ub no. Tsaug rau cov hauj lwm ua ke thiab skilful ua hauj lwm ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm anti-Bolshevik pawg, Yudenich coj tub rog-thoj center nyob rau hauv Finland.
Peter lub mloog twb tseem muab tsub lub "Committee Lavxias teb sab liberation." Qhov no koom haum twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1919 thiab hais txog nrog lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm Russia, raws li zoo raws li raising nws kev nplua nuj nrog lwm lub xeev. Cov pawg neeg yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub ib tsab ntawm cov ntawv luam ntaub ntawv uas cov lus piv txwv tiag tiag cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus nrog Admiral A. V. Kolchakom thiab nws tsoom fwv pab rau qhov qee ntawm subsidies rau lub "National Center".
Tsis muaj tsawg active Struve ua hauj lwm thaum nyob rau hauv Fabkis ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg ntawm lub "Lavxias teb sab nom tswv lub rooj sib tham."
Rau nws cov kev siv zog, philosopher thiab txawj sau ntawv, twb raug txim los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub RSFSR rau txoj kev tuag. Dua li no fact, Peter tseem yog cov koom tes nrog cov Dawb generals thiab active journalistic kev ua ub no.
Peter Struve tuag nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1944, qhov chaw uas nws nyob nrog nws tsev neeg txij li thaum 1942.
philosopher views on nom tswv kev tshawb xav
Struve yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua kev cai lij choj Marxism nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog feem ntau hu ua kev zog uas, los ntawm ib tug theoretical thiab ideological taw tes ntawm view, paub lub correctness ntawm Marx nrog nws economic tej lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov keeb kwm inevitability ntawm lub capitalist system.
Neeg ua hauj lwm muaj leej twg paub lub capitalist txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag raws li ib tug ua tau lub hauv paus rau lub economic txoj kev vam meej ntawm Russia. Cov kev siv ntawm kev sib raug kho thiab sau qoob tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg yuav tsim, cov no yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj uas singled tawm Struve Petr Berngardovich. Tswv yim ntawm no daim duab muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub bourgeois lub xeev. Struve coj nws tsis tshua muaj neeg tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, hu rau "lub organizer ntawm qhov kev txiav txim", uas yog tau los mus tshem tawm qhov teeb meem ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xwm, raws li zoo raws li kho rau cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv cov lus.
Innovation Peter Struve
Vib this Struve tso tseg peb tej cheebtsam uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ideology ntawm nom tswv kev khwv nyiaj txiag :
- Cov hauj xav ntawm tus nqi.
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob.
- Keeb kwm Lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Qhov no xam yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj uas tau siv lub system thiab txoj kev tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus uas yuav ua tau cov pawg ntawm nom tswv kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws npaj ib tug peb-theem system ntawm kev sib raug zoo:
- Tsev neeg.
- Off-ua liaj ua teb.
- Socio-tsim.
Nws kuj belongs rau lub assertion tias cov kho tsis mus counter mus rau lub nyob kev cai ntawm cov neeg thiab nws cov kev cai qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv yuav tsum ua nyob rau hauv no foundation.
Petr Berngardovich Struve: tshab rau Sociology
Nws yog ib nqi hais txoj kev thiab economic system, piav los ntawm ib tug philosopher. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim xws li "nqi", "economic cov kev pab", "nyiaj" thiab "tus nqi." Lub peculiarity ntawm lub system yog hais tias lub "nqi" ntawm lub hom muab rau qhov yooj yim raws li txoj cai. Nws yog npaj rau qhov kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov socio-economic muaj tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd no Struve yog tsim raws li lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov socio-economic sau-off, thaum lub sij hawm, raws li Marx siv rau lub hom phiaj no, cov kev tshawb xav ntawm surplus nqi.
Ua neeg ncajncees ntawm yam tseem ceeb ntawm "conservative kiv puag ncig" nyob rau hauv Russia - ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab tswv yim tsim Petr Berngardovich Struve. Sociology yog qhia nyob rau hauv niaj hnub universities, kawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm democratization ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog, lub tswv yim daim duab. Raws li nws, nws yuav tsum tau li nram qab no pab:
- Tej kev pab.
- Diagnostic tivthaiv.
- Txhob txwm tivthaiv.
- Subjective lub neej.
- Kev cai thiab keeb kwm kev pab.
- Kev pab.
Struve rau cov kev ua ub rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm kab lis kev cai
Nws pab mus rau lub teb neeg ua hauj lwm ua tswvcuab los ntawm kev siv ntawm semantic tsom xam, siv phau ntawv phau ntawv. Nws mlom twb Nikolai Leskov, Nikolai Gogol, F. Dostoevsky thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Struve raug scrutiny thiab muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, hu nws lub zoo tagnrho neeg nyob rau hauv lub socio-thoj nam ntawm lub neej.
Philosopher professed hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm paub ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg kev ywj siab, raws li tau zoo raws li kom muaj ib tug ruaj khov kev nom kev tswv kev txiav txim thiab ib tug muaj zog lub xeev hwj huam. Nws thov hais tias ib tug txiv neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai - ib qhov txuas thiab txhais tau tias ntawm uniting thiab disintegrating xeev splochayuschee lub teb chaws. Culture rau nws muaj nws tus kheej lub ntsiab lus: kev siv ntawm lawv muaj tswv yim thiab unifying nta. Struve ntseeg tias tag nrho cov cheeb tsam (zog, kev nom kev tswv, haiv neeg kev sib raug zoo) yuav tsum tau infused kab lis kev cai.
txawj cuab yeej cuab tam
Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txawj tej hauj lwm uas tsim Petr Berngardovich Struve - 'intellectuals thiab kiv puag ncig "(1909). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib tsab xov xwm hais tias yog muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Milestones".
Sau los ntawm Struve, nrog rau nws cov txheeb xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov tseem ceeb kev nom kev tswv thiab kev cai txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lwm lub teb chaws, tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2004 thiab muaj lub npe ntawm cov "Lub Chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm kev nom kev tswv."
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