Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ceev ntawm lub kerosene, cov txheej txheem rau nws cov kev npaj

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, noob neej tau sim mus nrhiav ib tug yooj yim thiab yooj yim-rau-siv qhov chaw ntawm tshav kub, lub teeb thiab roj. Tus thawj lub sij hawm raws li qhov no yog ib tug dog dig ntoo thiab straw, tom qab ntawd cov neeg kawm tau mus ua thiab siv cov peat. Ces noob neej tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb txhob nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm thiab technology nyob rau hauv general - thiab nyob rau hauv cov roj sector nyob rau hauv particular, pib siv kerosene.

Nws yog ib tug sib tov ntawm hydrocarbons boiling ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 150-250 ° C. Nws yog ib tug ntshiab, oily, txais nplaim taws kua tau los ntawm distillation ntawm crude roj. Nyob rau hauv lub ua txoj kev thiab cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees nyob rau hauv kerosene tej zaum yuav muaj roj nyeem hydrocarbons aliphatic hom, naphthenic tebchaw, bicyclic tebchaw, ib tug ntau yam ntawm impurities ntawm oxygen, sulfur los yog nitrogen cov ntsiab.

Lub ntsiab kauj ruam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm domestic kerosene txuam nrog rau invention nyob rau hauv 1823 godu refinery unit. Thiab txij li thaum 1950, thaum nws pib txawj tsim turboprop thiab dav hlau aircraft, launches lwm ntawm nws hom, hu ua "dav hlau roj". Yog npaj thiab ib tug thiab lwm yam ntawm kerosene roj los ntawm distillation. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj ua roj yog lim los ntawm ntau yam impurities thiab dej (nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm kerosene tsawg ceev ntawm dej). Ces twb lim pes tsawg leeg yog raug mus rau ib tug ncaj qha distillation, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus kub point hydrocarbon roj feem yog tso tawm thiab cov residual roj.

Nyob rau nruab nrab, kerosene ceev yog hais txog 0,78-0,85 g ib nyhav centimeter, thiab cov flash point yog hom twg los ntawm 28 mus rau 72 ° C. Cov kev ceev ntawm combustible kua siv rau kev hom phiaj, sib npaug zos rau 830 kg ib cubic Meter, thiab nws cov flash point yog hais txog 35-40 ° C. Qhov no yog feem ntau ntsuas. kerosene Ceev, siv rau illumination nyob rau hauv mines thiab me me hlab ntsha yog 860 kg ib cubic Meter. Flashpoint no hom ntawm cov kua tej zaum yuav mus txog 90 ° C. kerosene ceev yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 780 kg ib cubic Meter. Xws li ib tug kerosene rau siv nyob rau hauv chaw ua dav hlua kuaj subsonic aircraft.

Los ntawm kerosine yog to taub ib tug ntom nqi uas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus piv ntawm cov pawg ntawm cov roj rau nws cov ntim. Txiav txim seb cov kev ceev ntawm lub kua roj siv ib tug pycnometer - kws qhia tshwj xeeb uas npaj rau kev txiav txim cov kev ceev ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm dej thiab khib nyiab.

Rau kev tsom xam yuav tsum tau pycnometer ntsuas muaj peev xwm tswj qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv 20 ° C, ib lub tshuab nqus twj tso kua mis, ib lub tshuab nqus desiccator, tus pas ntsuas kub thiab kerosene. Tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog xam nws cov ceev yog muab faib ua ob peb theem. Ua ntej, kom huv si ntxuav thiab qhuav pycnometer tiv kev txom nyem. Ces poob pw tsaug zog graphite thiab tiv kev txom nyem dua rau nws. Ces tus hwj raug nchuav kerosene (ib nrab volume), thiab tso nws nyob rau hauv ib tug desiccator qhov twg nyob rau txog ib teev.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem tsom xam pycnometer, muab rho tawm ntawm lub desiccator thiab tag lawm ua tus sau nrog paraffin, twb muab tso rau ib teev nyob rau hauv ib tug incubator. Tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm lub ntaus ntawv yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub qhov cub thiab txiav txim rau nws pawg. Ces, nyob rau hauv tib pycnometer, tab sis twb zoo-ntxuav thiab qhuav txawm lig los plhws, nchuav kerosene thiab puas tag nrho cov tib yam, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm graphite. Zoo ib yam li cov kauj ruam nqa tawm los ntawm pouring ib tug pa pycnometer nrog distilled dej.

Kerosene ceev yog xam siv cov nram qab no: Muaj kev ceev ntawm dej khoo los ntawm cov sib txawv luj ntawm lub pycnometer nrog kerosene thiab graphite thiab qhov loj ntawm kiag li npliag pycnometer, thiab cov no tau muab faib los ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv loj ntawm lub pycnometer nrog dej thiab tus luj ntawm lub empty pycnometer.

Lub divergence tso cai ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ob tug uas tig mus kev txiav txim nqa tawm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0,01-0,02 g / cm.