Perchloric acid - Properties, ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov. Ceev faj

Perchloric acid (HClO4 mis) - yog ib tug monobasic acid anhydrous. Muaj tshuaj (Cl) nyob rau hauv lub siab oxidation lub xeev, qhov no yog vim li cas, nws yog ib lub muaj zog oxidizer. Heev.

Properties perchloric acid

1. Qhov no yog ib tug nrov heev nthe kua tsis muaj xim, ib tug ntau ntawm cov pa luam yeeb nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, cov monomer nyob rau hauv officers. Tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab heev reactionary. Yuav kom qhov no acid yam ntxwv avtodegidratatsiya:

3HClO4 = H3O + (ntawv) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (tshuaj monoxide)

2. Qhov no tshuaj yog npaj meej soluble nyob rau hauv chlorinated thiab organofluorine kuab tshuaj xws li CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), thiab lwm tus neeg. Yog tov nrog rau lwm cov kuab tshuaj thiab teev kom txhob muaj zog, lwj liam tuav tej zaum yuav ua rau ib qho kev tawg los yog hluav taws kub.

3. Nws yog zoo tov nrog dej (H2O) nyob rau hauv tej proportions. Cov ntaub ntawv ob peb hydrates. Concentrated kev daws teeb meem ntawm no acid muaj me ntsis oily taub hau. Qhov no aqueous acid tshuaj muaj zoo stability thiab ib tug tsawg oxidizing muaj peev xwm. Nrog rau cov dej peb xav tshuaj ntaub ntawv ib tug azeotrope uas nyob rau ib tug kub ntawm 203 degrees boils thiab muaj 72 feem pua ntawm cov HClO4.

4. Perchloric acid (HClO4 mis) yog ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog acids. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv nws acidic ib puag ncig ntawm ib co tebchaw coj zoo li bases.

5. Lub txo siab nrog maj cua sov ib tug sib tov ntawm perchloric acid nrog phosphoric anhydride tsim tsis muaj kob oily kua - anhydride tshuaj:

2HClO4 (perchloric acid) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (tshuaj dioxide) + H2P4O11

Txoj kev rau cov kev npaj

1. Aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm no neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm yuav npaj nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Tus thawj yog cov electrochemical oxidation ntawm cov tshuaj los yog hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv feeb meej hydrochloric acid, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv lub ob decomposition ntawm sodium perchlorate los yog poov tshuaj inorganic muaj zog acids.

2. Cov anhydrous perchloric acid yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev, ib yam nkaus thiab. Tus thawj muaj nyob rau hauv reacting poov tshuaj perchlorate (K) los yog sodium (Na) nrog sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv feeb meej daim ntawv no, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv lub sis raug zoo nrog oleum nrog ib tug aqueous tov ntawm perchloric acid:

KClO4 (aqueous tov ntawm perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (poov tshuaj hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Daim ntawv thov ntawm perchloric acid

- concentrated kev daws teeb meem uas feem ntau siv kom tau perchlorates (ntsev ntawm lub acids), thiab nyob rau hauv analytical Science News for KIDS;

- perchloric acid yog siv nyob rau hauv lub decomposition ntawm ores raws li ib tug catalyst thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm cov zaub mov;

- poov tshuaj perchlorate (Formula: KClO4), ib lub ntsev ntawm no acid, yog siv los tsim explosives, thiab magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, Mg (ClO4) 2) yog siv raws li lub desiccant.

Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Perchloric acid, anhydrous yuav tsis ntev cia thiab thauj, raws li nyob rau hauv tus qauv tej yam kev mob nws yog sai degraded thiab tej zaum yuav tom qab nthawv tawg.

Lwm yam tshuaj uas muaj inorganic acid:

1. hydrochloric acid (Formula: HCl) - monobasic muaj zog acid, corrosive, fuming kua cua. Applied electroforming (pickling, etching) thiab nyob rau hauv hydrometallurgy, ntxuav co thaum lub sij hawm tinning thiab soldering, los ua manganese chloride, zinc, hlau thiab lwm yam hlau. lub substance nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj yuav tsum zwm raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive E507.

2. Hypochlorous acid (Formula: HClO) - muaj zog heev monobasic acid. Nws muaj peev xwm tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem. Nws yuav siv rau kab mob hom phiaj raws li zoo raws li rau tshuaj dawb tso textiles thiab sis plawv hniav.

3. chlorous acid (HClO2) - nruab nrab muaj zog monobasic acid. Yog tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv nws cov dawb daim ntawv, feem ntau yog degraded sai nyob rau hauv ib tug nta aqueous tov. Lub anhydride ntawm no acid tseem tsis paub hais tias.

4. chloric acid (HClO3) - monobasic muaj zog acid. Tsis tau nyob rau hauv free daim ntawv no, raws li so nyob rau hauv feeb meej daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv aqueous lub ntsiab, muaj tshwm sim ntawm ib tug concentration qis tshaj 30 feem pua. Heev ruaj khov tsis sov.