Piv txwv painting, lwm yam, yeej, ntau yam kev kawm thiab tiam sis

Painting - saib tsam tus hiob daim ntawv ntawm cov kos duab. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub prehistoric era ntawm cov phab ntsa tsua peb pog koob yawg koob ua dluab ntawm cov neeg thiab tej tsiaj txhu. Cov no yog cov thawj cov piv txwv ntawm painting. Txij thaum ntawd los, qhov no kos duab daim ntawv yeej ib txwm nyob ib tug khub ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab hnub no muaj ntau thiab ntau yam. Peb yuav sim rau raws li ntau li ntau tau qhov no zoo ntawm cov kos duab, piav qhia txog lub ntsiab lwm yam, yeej, tiam sis thiab hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv nws.

painting hom kev kawm

Xav txog, yuav pib yooj yim painting hom kev kawm. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog cov roj. Qhov no yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas cov xim yog siv los ntawm cov roj-raws li. Cov xim muaj applied cwj nrag. Nrog lawv, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim txawv, raws li zoo raws li nrog lub siab tshaj plaws realism piav tsim nyog dluab.

Tempera - lwm nrov txheej txheem. Hais txog nws lo lus nug, thaum cov xim muaj hlau-thov emulsion. Cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov xim tsev yog tsiaj kua nplaum, qe los yog dej.

Gouache - ib tug txheej txheem lug siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Gouache Painting yog ua li cas rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub nplaum. Nws yuav siv tau rau cov duab los qhia, daim ntawv, pob txha los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Check duab, thiab cov kab lus yeej meej. Pastel - ib tug txheej txheem ntawm nqus cwj mem qhuav qhuav, tus nto yuav tsum ntxhib. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias txog lub watercolor. Qhov no xim feem ntau yog diluted nrog dej. Mos thiab nyias number case txheej tau los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov hauj lwm nyob rau watercolor. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb tau sau tseg tsuas yog tus yooj yim cov tswv yim uas yog siv nyob rau hauv nrag tshaj plaws. Muaj lwm tus neeg.

Yuav ua li cas feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv duab? Cov feem nrov painting rau canvas. Nws rub rau tus ncej, los yog cov kua nplaum nyob rau hauv cardboard. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm feem ntau siv ntoo pab ntsa. Niaj hnub no, nrov tsis tau tsuas yog nrag rau canvas yuav siv tau los tsim cov dluab thiab lwm yam pav ca cov ntaub ntawv.

hom ntawm cov kos duab

Peb yuav paub qhov txawv ob lub ntsiab hom ntawm nws: lub easel thiab monumental painting. Cov yav tas yog txuam nrog architecture. Qhov no hom muaj xws li cov painting ntawm ceilings thiab phab ntsa ntawm vaj tse, lawv kho kom zoo nkauj ua los ntawm mosaic dluab, los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv, tsuas iav thiab tshaj. Easel painting yog tsis txuas rau ib lub tsev. Nws yuav txav los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw. ntau ntau ntau yam tso tawm rau hauv easel painting (txwv tsis pub xa mus rau raws li lwm yam). Cia peb kawm lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem painting

Lo lus "ib hom ntawv nyeem" ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm. Nws yog txhais raws li "zoo", "hom". Hais tias yog ib lub npe ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm ib co zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab, hais nws lub npe, peb to taub li cas cov duab no yog hais tias peb yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv nws: tib neeg, xwm, tsiaj txhu, tej khoom, thiab lwm yam

portrait

Qhov tseem ancient ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm painting yog ib tug portrait. Qhov no daim duab ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas zoo li tsuas rau nws tus kheej thiab ntau tshaj lwm leej lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov portrait - ib tug duab nyob rau hauv lub painting ntawm tus neeg cov duab raws li ib tug neeg neeg muaj peb txhua tus. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem painting nws muaj nws tus kheej ntau ntau yam. Portrait yuav ua tau loj hlob, bust los yog sau ntawv xwb ib tug neeg. Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua tus duab yog ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug txiv neej, raws li ib tug artist muaj peev xwm tsim, piv txwv li, lub "txiv neej nyob rau hauv general" tsis sau ntawv tawm nws los ntawm leej twg. Txawm li cas los, thaum nws portrays ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm cov haiv neeg, nws tej hauj lwm raws nraim portrait. Needless hais tias cov piv txwv ntau heev heev paintings ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tab sis qhia hauv qab no lub portrait paub yuav luag txhua txhua tus pej xeem ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog ib daim duab A. S. Pushkina, tsim nyob rau hauv 1827 Kiprensky.

Yuav kom qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem kuj yuav ntxiv ib self-portrait. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov artist depicts nws tus kheej. Muaj yog ib tug khub portrait thaum daim duab - cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug khub; thiab ib tug pab pawg neeg portrait uas depicted ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg. Koj yuav tau nco ntsoov lub formal portrait, uas zoo ntawm - nees, ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb. Nws yog heev nrov nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tab sis tam sim no tsis tshua pom xws ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, raws li cov hom ntawv nyeem, uas peb yuav sib tham txog, yog ib yam ntawm txhua lub sij hawm. Yuav ua li cas koj txhais li cas? Qhov no yuav ua guessed, exhausting lwm yam uas peb tseem tsis tau muaj npe, piav txog lub painting. Tseem neej - ib tug ntawm lawv. Uas yog hais txog nws, peb tham hnub no, txuas ntxiv mus xyuas lub painting.

tseem lub neej

Lo lus no kuj muaj ib tug Fabkis txoj keeb kwm, nws txhais tau tias "tuag xwm", Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus yog ntau meej "tswg xwm." Tseem - duab ntawm tswg khoom. Lawv yog cov heev ntau haiv neeg. Nco ntsoov tias depict tseem lifes kuj "nyob qhov": hushed butterflies tej nplaim, zoo nkauj paj, noog, thiab tej zaum kuj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntawm khoom plig pom tau thiab tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, nws tseem yuav ua tau ib tug tseem lub neej, raws li cov duab ntawm lub nyob - tsis yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ib tug artist nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.

toj roob hauv pes

Toj roob hauv pes - lwm Fabkis lo lus lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov neeg txhais lus ntawm "zoo ntawm lub teb chaws." Nws yog zoo li tus German tswvyim ntawm "Toj roob hauv pes". Toj roob hauv pes - cov duab no ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg. By pub ntxiv tshaj qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov hauv qab no ntau ntau yam: cov architectural toj roob hauv pes thiab Seascape yog heev nrov, uas yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li ib lo lus "marina" thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws yog hu ua Seascape painters. Heev heev piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Seascape yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm I. K. Ayvazovskogo. Ib tug ntawm lawv - "Zaj sawv" nyob rau hauv 1873.

Qhov no daim duab yog pleev xim rau nrog roj, thiab yooj yim rau siv. Tab sis lub toj roob hauv pes watercolors tsim ib tug snap, li ntawd, tom tsev kawm ntawv duab zaj lus qhia no ua hauj lwm tau muab rau peb txhua tus.

Tsiaj ib hom ntawv nyeem

Tom ntej no ib hom ntawv nyeem - animalistic. Nws yog yooj yim - cov duab no ntawm cov noog thiab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig.

ib hom ntawv nyeem

Ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib tug saib scenes ntawm lub neej, lub neej, funny "teeb meem", lub tsev lub neej, thiab cov dab neeg uas zoo tib yam neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig ib puag ncig. Thiab koj yuav ua tsis tau dab neeg - cia li ntes txhua hnub kev ua ub no thiab tej xwm txheej. Tej paintings tej zaum hu ua ib hom ntawv nyeem painting. Raws li ib qho piv txwv muab saum toj no ua hauj lwm Van Goga "Lub Qos yaj ywm eaters" (1885).

keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem

Xai nrag ntau yam, tab sis ntaub ntawv ib daim keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Qhov no depiction ntawm cov keeb kwm cim thiab tej xwm txheej. Sib ntaus sib tua ib hom ntawv nyeem yog nyob ib sab mus rau nws, nws pib lub sijhawm uas nws ntawm tsov rog, sib ntaus sib tua.

Kev cai dab qhuas thiab mythological ib hom ntawv nyeem

Nyob rau hauv lub mythological ib hom ntawv nyeem sau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov laus thiab ancient tales ntawm gods thiab muaj nqi heev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov duab yog secular tsuag, thiab qhov no yog txawv los ntawm cov dluab ntawm deities sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub icon. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev cai dab qhuas painting - nws tsis yog lub icon. Nws theem ua ke ntau yam hauj lwm, daim ntawv sau nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas ntxhais.

lwm yam clash

Lub richer cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, qhov ntau muaj yog ntawm nws "khub." Lwm yam tej zaum yuav ua hauj lwm ua ke, thiaj li muaj ib tug painting, uas feem ntau yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tej yam ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub kos duab muaj raws li ib tug general (ua ntej kos duab, lwm yam, yeej) thiab ib tug neeg (tej yam khoom noj nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm). Cais daim duab ua tim ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv ntau. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev ntxias ua tau ib lub ib hom ntawv nyeem, tab sis nws yog sau nyob rau hauv nws paintings yeej tsis zoo li. Tej kab lis kev cai muaj kev painting.

style

Style nyob rau hauv lub visual arts yog ib tug nam ntawm nrig txog kev pom kev xaav ntawm lub painting. Nws yog ua tau mus ua ke lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug artist los sis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev ntxias ib tug tej lub sij hawm, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw.

Academic kos duab thiab realism

Academic painting - ib tug tshwj xeeb kev taw qhia, tus tsim ntawm cov uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev ua ub ntawm cov European kos duab academies. Nws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nyob rau hauv lub Bologna Academy, natives ntawm uas nrhiav tau xyaum coj li cov masters ntawm lub Renaissance. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov painting pib yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv nruj ua raws li cov kev cai thiab cov kev tswj, kev ua raws li txoj kev cai ua qauv. Muaj koob muaj npe Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv Paris yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau influential nyob rau cov teb chaws Europe. Nws nce lub loog ntawm classicism uas prevailed nyob rau hauv Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Academy ntawm Paris? pab txhawb systematization ntawm kev kawm ntawv, maj mam muab cov kev cai ntawm classical kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv dogma. Txij li thaum kawm painting los ua ib tug tshwj xeeb kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 ib ntawm cov feem ntau tseem ceeb ces kev kawm ua hauj lwm pib JL Jerome Alexander Kabannelya, Jean Ingres. Classical canons tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm 19-20 centuries, tau hloov los ntawm muaj tiag. Nws yuav realism nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, lub yooj yim txoj kev ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv lub academies, dhau mus ua ib tug dogmatic system.

Baroque

Baroque - style thiab era of art, uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm aristocracy, zoo, dynamic dluab, yooj yim kom paub meej nyob rau hauv lub sawv cev ntawm abundance, nro, ua yeeb yam, khoom kim heev, phiajcim kev muaj tiag thiab illusion. Qhov no style nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau hauv 1600 thiab ri mus thoob teb chaws Europe. Caravaggio thiab Rubens yog cov brightest ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev. Baroque yog feem ntau yog muab piv rau expressionism, txawm li cas los, tsis zoo li yav tas, nws tsis yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv ib yam nkaus thiab qias neeg los. Paintings ntawm no style niaj hnub no yog yus muaj los ntawm cov complexity ntawm cov kab thiab ib tug nplua mais ntawm ornaments.

cubism

Cubism - nws originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th avant-garde kos duab taw qhia. Nws creator yog Pablo Picasso. Cubism ua ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv cov duab puab thiab painting nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, inspiring lub creation ntawm zoo xws li cov tiam sis nyob rau hauv architecture, ntaub ntawv, suab paj nruag. Art painting nyob rau hauv no style yog yus recombine, lov khoom uas muaj ib tug paub daws teeb daim ntawv. Thaum lawv siv ib tug plurality duab kev xaav.

expressionism

Expressionism - lwm tseem ceeb cheeb tsam ntawm kev kawm kos duab, uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ua ntej, nws npog tsuas paj huam thiab painting, thiab ces kis mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov kos duab.

Expressionists sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb no subjectively, distorting kev muaj tiag los ua ib tug ntau siab ntsws nyhuv. Lawv lub hom phiaj - los ua tus tuav xav. Qhia nyob rau hauv expressionism prevails tshaj cov duab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tias rau ntau tej hauj lwm yog yus muaj los ntawm motifs ntawm torment, mob, kev txom nyem, kev quaj ntsuag (tus ua hauj lwm Edvarda Munka, hais saum toj no, yog hu ua - "Qw"). Expressionist neeg pleev kob yog tsis xav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj tiag, lawv cov duab yog tag nrho ntawm sib sib zog nqus ntsiab lus thiab kev xav yaam puab paub.

impressionism

Impressionism - kos duab taw qhia, tswj mas thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua (qhib saum huab cua), es tsis nyob rau hauv lub studio. Nws tshuav nws lub npe mus rau lub painting "lub tswv yim, Xibfwb" los ntawm Claude Monet, uas yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab hauv qab no.

Lo lus "lub tswv yim" nyob rau hauv lus Askiv - tswv yim. Impressionistic daim duab yog kis tau mus rau cov thawj lub teeb kev xav ntawm cov artist. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm painting nyob rau hauv no style yog: ib tug nyuam qhuav pom, hloov maj mam txhuam cwj nrag; hloov lub teeb pom kev zoo, cia li dhau (cov xim yog feem ntau teem rau ib tug txaus nyhuv ntawm lub sij hawm); qhib muaj pes tsawg leeg; yooj yim lub hom phiaj; zog raws li ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm neeg txoj kev kawm thiab kev xaav. Lub ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tej chaw raws li impressionism, yog Edgar Degas, Klod Mone, Ib Renuar.

modernism

Cov tom ntej no taw qhia - modernism, originated raws li ib tug txheej ntawm tiam sis nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th thiab thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Paris "Salon des tsis kam" twb qhib nyob rau hauv 1863. Ntawm no tshaaj ntxias uas nws cov duab no yog tsis tso cai nyob rau hauv lub official salon. Qhov no hnub yog suav tias yog lub hnub ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm modernism raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv kos duab. Txwv tsis pub, modernism yog tej thaum hu ua "lwm art". Nws lub hom phiaj - los tsim cim paintings, tsis zoo li lwm tus. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm - ib tug tshwj xeeb lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm tus sau.

Ntxias nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm tau sawv tawm tsam cov realism ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Nco qab yog ib tug kaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov destinations. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau experimentation nrog daim ntawv no, raws li zoo raws li lub nyiam abstraction. Cov ntaub ntawv uas siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism them tshwj xeeb mloog. Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev tswv Henri Matisse (nws ua hauj lwm "Tus liab Room" nyob rau hauv 1908 hais saum toj no) thiab Pablo Picasso.

neoclassicism

Neoclassicism - lub ntsiab kev coj ntawm painting nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe los ntawm nruab nrab 18th xyoo pua txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 19th. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug rov qab mus rau lub peculiarities ntawm ib tug ancient kos duab, Renaissance kos duab thiab txawm classical lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub architectural, artistic thiab kev cai kev txiav txim zoo Neoclassicism sawv raws li ib tug lus teb rau cov rococo, ntaus nqi raws li ntiav thiab pretentious kos duab style. Neoclassicist ntxias, ua tsaug rau ib tug paub zoo txog ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev cai lij choj, sim mus rau hauv lub canons nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, lawv zam tej yam yooj yim tu tub tu kiv ntawm classical motifs thiab cov ntxhais. Ntxias Neoclassicist sim muab nws daim duab nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ntawm kev lig kev cai thiab yog li qhia paub ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov tswv cuab. Neoclassicism nyob rau hauv no hwm, ncaj qha txwv rau modernism, qhov twg txoj hauj lwm zoo yog xam tau tias yog improvisation thiab nws tus kheej-qhia. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev yog Nikolya Pussen, Raphael.

Pop-art

Cov kab kawg, uas peb yuav sib tham txog - pop art. Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-50s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub lig '50s - thiab nyob rau hauv America. Pop kos duab yog ntseeg yuav tsum tau yug los raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub tswv yim ntawm paub daws teeb expressionism, yeej nyob rau lub sij hawm. Hais txog ntawm cov kev taw qhia, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais Endi Uorhola. Nyob rau hauv 2009, "Yim Elvises", ib qho ntawm nws paintings muag rau $ 100 lab.