Romanesque architecture - lub hwj chim thiab yeeb koob

Tsom Romanesque style nyob rau hauv European kos duab belongs rau lub 10-12 centuries. Rau txhua keeb kwm lub sij hawm yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tej yam artistic hom, uas yog, ib tug kos duab daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas feem ntau siab manifested artistic thiab stylistic nta. Rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb yog xws li ib tug tseem ceeb architecture ntawm lub Romanesque style.

Kev kawm ntawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm feudal lub xeev, lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab ua lag ua luam kev ua ub no, lub strengthening ntawm clerical txaus - tag nrho cov pab koom rau lub monumental tsev ntawm feudal castles, monasteries, cathedrals, fortresses.

Romanesque style ntawm architecture yog ib tug zajlus kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub architecture ntawm ancient Rome ua ke nrog tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm architectural kos duab ntawm lub barbarians.

Nyob rau hauv Ravenna (Ltalis) nyob rau hauv lub 6 xyoo pua nws ua tau lub qhov ntxa uas Theodoric. Nws yog ib tug tawm monument ntawm xws li ib tug ua ke ntawm classic thiab ua loj leeb lig kev cai. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo lub 8 pua nws ua tau nyob rau hauv Aachen tsev hais plaub Palatine Chapel.

Romanesque architecture yog txawv yas wholeness, siab tawv grandeur, laconic tagnrho thiab nrhiav. Nyaum thiab haib style uas distinguishes qhov kev siv ntawm 10-12 centuries, dictated los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab inaccessibility. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, thaum cov tub rog yuav tsum muaj tej yam monastery los yog lub tsev teev ntuj los ua ib tug impregnable fortress, tsis hais qhov feudal tsev fuabtais.

Lub sij hawm tshuav peb tsev thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, lawv twb ua tau ntawm av nplaum thiab ntoo. rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub Roman tub rog camps nyob rau hauv nws kiag, yog li lub monasteries thiab castles nyob chaw zov me nyuam - economic, kev cai, khoom siv tes ua. Rau lawv siv tau siv lub loj heev pob zeb blocks thiab slabs. Cov khoom nws tus kheej dictated qhov yooj yim architectural cov ntaub ntawv, nruj compositional hom kev kawm.

Romanesque architecture - pom pov thawj ntawm cov hnyav era ntawm feudal kev tsov kev rog. Layout, loj, me, muaj peev xwm, décor - tag nrho dictated los ntawm cov tswv yim xav tau kev pab.

Feudal tsev fuabtais yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub pob zeb pob tsuas nyob rau ntawm lub lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Yog hais tias xws tsis yog, cam khwb cia ib tug pov toj. High phab ntsa nrog loopholes surrounded los ntawm thaj, ua liaj ua teb thiab lub tsev tiv thaiv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm lawv - kom, qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tswv. Lub tsev fuabtais yeej ib txwm rho tawm trench thiab sau nrog dej. Tau mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais yuav tsuas drawbridge. Xws li ib tug haib qauv yuav mas ib tug ntev siege, nws yuav nkaum los ntawm nyob sib ze settlements.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm monasteries thiab, saum toj no tag nrho, ua raws txoj cai kws muaj txuj ci. Loj heev qhov chaw ntawm monasteries, cim lub nroog - lub fortress tau ntxiv dag zog rau thiab muab tsis cuag, zoo li feudal castles. Tuam tsev - lub compositional chaw ntawm lub monastery. Romanesque lub tsev teev ntuj thiab layout yog yooj yim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub décor - austere thiab khi.

Lub Romanesque style kis thoob plaws Western teb chaws Europe thiab lub Middle East (lub qub Roman xeev, qhov twg cov ntseeg Vajtswv twb kis). Romanesque architecture yog tsim thiab tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub zos lig kev cai. lawv lub tsev tsev kawm ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv ces, Norway, lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab Ltalis.

Feem ntau cov monuments ntawm lub sij hawm no fwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws - Carcassonne (12 century) - ib tug fortress nroog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws; Abbey Saint-Michel (hnub nyoog 12), palace hom xauv St. Anttonen Auxerre (hnub nyoog 12). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Romanesque style vividly qhia nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Notre-Dame la Grande nyob rau hauv Poitiers (11 century).

Medieval kos duab yog anonymous, peb tsis paub lub npe ntawm architects thiab builders.

Romanesque architecture, tseem amazes peb lub hwj chim thiab majestic tranquility, tsim los ntawm tsis paub hais tias masters. Tab sis nws yog zoo tshaj plaws uas fwm cov npe ntawm cov creators ntawm ib lub npe nrov tshaj vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - lub tuam tsev complex nyob rau hauv lub Italian nroog ntawm Pisa. Pisa Cathedral thiab nws cov tswb pej thuam (Ntauwd ntawm Pisa) uas tsim los ntawm builders los ntawm Innsbruck (niaj hnub Switzerland) Busketom Raynaldusom thiab nyob lub lem ntawm 11-12 centuries.