Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj". Pisarev tseem ceeb heev hauv tsab xov xwm hais txog cov "Cua daj" Ostrovsky

Yuav ua li cas koj tsis xav txog nws, thaum rov nyeem li cas kuv sau tau Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev txog "Cua daj" Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo? Tej zaum qhov tseeb hais tias cov ntawv nyeem raws li nram no cov geniuses ... Golden Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, pib nrog lub thoob ntiaj teb txhob nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua thiab tau nqa tawm nws prose, ua ib tug "hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb" rau tag nrho ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tham txog poetic tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, Gogol, Ostrovsky.

Civil cov lus cog tseg hauv tsab xov xwm

Tsab xov xwm hais txog "nag xob nag" Pisarev yog ib lo lus teb rau pej xeem lub landmark daim ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Sau nyob rau hauv 1959 los ntawm Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem Ostrovskim ua si nyob rau hauv tsib ua yuav siv sij hawm lub golden Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Qhov no ua txoj hauj lwm tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug haib impetus rau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm realism. Pov thawj ntawm no tau txais kev pab raws li cov qib muab ua si critics. Nws qhia tau hais tias qhov no pluralism. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis sib haum yug tseeb xwb! Qhov kev nkag siab ntawm no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias qhov tsab xov xwm "Motives ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam", uas muab tso rau Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj" ib tug saib xyuas, tau sau raws li ib lo lus teb rau ib tsab xov xwm thuam ib tug naas ej txawj critic Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Cov tsab xov xwm, uas sib cav Pisarev, hu ua kaj - "Ray ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj." Peb sim muab cov txawj nyeem ntawv nrog peb tsom saum toj no ua hauj lwm Dmitri Pisarev. Nws occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Ostrovsky ua tsis tau tejyam txaus mus ntxiv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam realism xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv Griboyedov "Woe los ntawm wit".

Siv tsis sib haum nrog Dobrolyubov rau cov kev ua si "nag xob nag"

Dmitry Ivanovich, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib tug connoisseur ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky thiab, undoubtedly, pib mus ua hauj lwm, tsaug ntsib nrog tsab xov xwm eminent txawj critic Dobrolyubov, uas paub thiab hwm. Txawm li cas los, obviously, raws li cov ancient txhab (namely - "Socrates yog kuv tus phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog - kim"), Pisarev tus yeebyam Ostrovsky "nag xob nag" sau nws saib xyuas.

Qhov yuav tsum tau qhia lawv taw tes ntawm view, nws pom tau hais, vim hais tias nws muaj: Hnub Yug sim qhia Katerina "lub sij hawm hero." Los ntawm no txoj hauj lwm Dmitry Ivanovich fundamentally sib yeem, thiab heev mob siab. Yog li ntawd nws sau nws tsab xov xwm "Motives ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam," nyob qhov twg tshaj rau kev thuam ntawm lub ntsiab tswv yim sib cav ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubova uas Katerina Kabanova yog ib tug "hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj."

Kalinov raws li ib tug qauv rau Russia

Undoubtedly, hauv tsab xov xwm txog cov Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj" lawv cov kev xav, kom meej meej realizing tias Dobrolyubovym Dana xws "tsaus ntuj nti" feature formal ib county-theem lub zos, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Kalinov - me me qauv ntawm cov loj heev lub teb chaws. Nws pej xeem lub tswv yim thiab tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm lub neej rau nroog manipulated los ntawm ob tug neeg: tus neeg ua lag luam, unscrupulous kawm txoj kev Savel Prokofitch qus thiab prude Shakespearean tau, lub lag luam tus poj niam Kabanova Marfa Ignatevna (nyob rau hauv ntau - Kabaniha).

Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo Russia nws tus kheej yog ib tug lossis loj lub teb chaws nrog ib tug neeg nyob ntawm plaub caug thiab tsim ua liaj ua teb. Twb ua ib tug network ntawm railways. Heev sai sai tom qab lub sau ntawv ntawm cov kev ua si Ostrovsky (ntau precisely, txij li thaum 1861, tom qab lub kos npe rau ntawm lub Emperor Alexander II «Manifesto», abolishing serfdom) nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov proletariat thiab, raws li, pib muaj boom.

Txawm li cas los, muaj nyob rau hauv Ostrovsky lub stifling chaw ntawm lub pre-kho kom zoo lub neej nws yog tseeb tseeb. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv coob, kev txom nyem ...

Qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev ua si tswv yim

Siv ib tug yooj yim sib cav, nyob rau hauv lub tiaj lus kom tus nyeem ntawv ua ib qho kev saib xyuas Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj". Txoj kev uas lub daim nyiaj-kub nws rau siab ntso ua reproduces nyob rau hauv nws tseem ceeb heev hauv tsab xov xwm. Yuav ua li cas yuav nws yuav tau li cas? Tom qab tag nrho, cov teeb meem ntawm cov kev ua si - khob cij. Thiab Ostrovsky puas tau ib tug zoo tshaj plaws, nws ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho nws lub plawv xav kom lawv muaj ib tug pej xeem haiv neeg es tsis txhob "qhov tsaus ntuj nti nceeg vaj".

Txawm li cas los, nyob zoo txawj nyeem ntawv ... Uas yog hais tias, tes rau lub plawv ... Peb hu hnub no peb haiv neeg yog "ib lub nceeg vaj ntawm lub teeb, siab zoo thiab txawj ntse"? Yog qhov khoob lug wrote Ostrovsky Kuligina monologue: "Vim hais tias cov neeg ncaj ncees ua hauj lwm yeej tsis ua rau peb li niaj hnub khob cij. Thiab cov neeg uas muaj nyiaj, sir, nws yog ua rau enslave cov neeg pluag, yog li ntawd nws tej hauj lwm gratuitous txawm ntau tshaj cov nyiaj ... puas tau tom qab "? Iab, cia li lo lus ...

Katerina - tsis yog ib tug "hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb"

Pisarev thuam ntawm lub "Cua daj" pib nrog tus ntsoos ntsoos ntawm cov lus ntawm recklessness Dobrolyubova tso zis. Nws motivates nws, siv cov lus sib cav los ntawm tus sau ntawv nyeem ntawm cov kev ua si. Nws polemic tiv thaiv Nikolay Dobrolyubov nco ntsiab lus ua paub qab hau los ntawm kev pessimist txog cov lus xaus ntawm ib tug optimist. Raws li cov kev xav ntawm Dmitry Ivanovich, lub essence ntawm Catherine - melancholy, muaj yog tsis muaj tiag virtue, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg uas yog hu ua "lub teeb." Raws li Pisarev, Hnub Yug ua ib tug systematic kev ua yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm cov duab ntawm lub heroine ntawm cov kev ua si. Nws sau tag nrho nws cov zoo zoo nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev duab, uas raug nqi ntau cov shortcomings. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Dmitry Ivanovich, ib qho tseem ceeb dialectical saib ntawm lub heroine.

Lub ntsiab heroine ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj nti nceeg vaj

Ib tug ntxhais hluas nyob nrog nws tus txiv Tikhon nyob rau hauv-txoj cai, ib tug nplua nuj ua lag luam, muaj (raws li lawv hais), "nyuaj hwj chim", uas zog qhia txog ib qho tseem ceeb tsab xov xwm Pisarev. "Lub Cua daj", raws li cov tragic kev ua si, lom zem ntau vim cov duab no. Kabaniha (raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev lub npe nws) pathologically fixated rau tus cuj pwm kev tsim txom ntawm lwm tus neeg, qhov reproaches, noj rau lawv, "zoo ib yam li hlau xeb." Qhov no nws ua li nyob rau hauv sanctimonious: .. Uas yog lossi soliciting, lub tsev mus rau "taug kev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim" (los yog es, nram qab no nws cov lus qhia).

Tikhon thiab nws tus muam Barbara tau nruj heev heev rau tus niam lub has lug hab. Ib tug tshwj xeeb rhiab rau nws cavils thiab humiliation nws tus ntxhais, Katherine. Nws yog muaj ib tug romantic, melancholic mentality, yeej tsis zoo siab. Nws cov yeeb yuj kev npau suav thiab npau suav kiag li liab qab tus me nyuam worldview. Nws ntxim hlub, tab sis tsis yog ib tug virtue!

Lub cev tsis tau tiv nrog nws tus kheej

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm critic Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj" objectively qhia kev coj li hluas thiab impulsivity Catherine. Nws yuav txiv tsis hlub. Tsuas yog luag nyav velirechivy Boris G., ib tug tub ntawm cov qus ua lag luam, thiab - peb nyob nraum ua nyob rau hauv ib tug maj Kate rau ib daim card rendezvous. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws ua ntsib nrog nws, nyob rau hauv tus, ib tug neeg txawv, tsis xav txog lub txim. "Yog tus neeg sau depicts lub" kaj ray?! "- nug tus nyeem ntawv ib tug tseem ceeb heev hauv tsab xov xwm Pisarev. "Lub Cua daj" nruab nrab yog ib tug tsis tshua thwj cim, tsis paub yuav ua li cas tsis tau tsuas yog tiv nrog qhov kev tshwm sim, tab sis kuj mus rau tiv nrog nws tus kheej. Tom qab lub txoj kev nws tus txiv, tab tom muaj kev nyuaj siab, zoo li ib tug me nyuam ntshai los ntawm xob quaj thiab hysterics loony poj niam, nws confesses lub txhaum thiab tam sim ntawd qhia nrog tus neeg mob. Corny, tsis yog nws?

Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm nws niam lub Tikhon "ib me ntsis", "mus kev txiav txim" muaj. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau cov kev thab plaub-nyob rau hauv-txoj cai yog rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sophistication. Tom qab Catherine paub tias Boris yuav Kyakhta (Baikal), nws muaj tej nuj nqis yuav los yog cov xwm, nws txiav txim siab los ua yus tua yus: muab pov rau hauv tus dej thiab tuag coob heev.

Katerina - tsis yog ib tug "hero ntawm lub sij hawm"

Pisarev txog "nag xob nag" Ostrovsky Muses philosophically. Nws xav seb cov neeg nyob rau hauv tus qhev haiv neeg yog tsis muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug no: lub siab, tsis txhob muaj qhov yuav, tsis mus kawm ntawv lawv tus kheej, tsis to taub cov neeg - nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, yuav ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb. Yog, qhov no poj niam yog kov cov uas txo hwjchim, siab zoo thiab ua tiag tiag, nws yog tsis muaj peev xwm los mus tiv thaiv lawv taw tes ntawm view. ( "Kuv yuav tuav nws," - hais tias Katherine rau Kabaniha). Yog, nws muaj ib tug muaj tswv yim, impressionable xwm. Thiab qhov no hom yuav yeej povhaum (raws li nws tshwm sim nrog Dobrolyubov). Tab sis qhov no fact tsis hloov ... "Nws yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tias qhov kev tshwm sim teem tawm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si txiv neej -" ib tug duab tshav ntawm lub teeb "!" - hais tias Dmitry Ivanovich.

Txoj kev paub tab ntawm tus ntsuj plig - ib tug mob ntawm neeg laus

Ntxiv mus, nws mus nyob rau lub critic, mus nyoo mus rau lub me me, siab kov yeej lub neej muaj teeb meem - yog nws ib tug virtue? Qhov no pom meej zajlus kom lo lus nug yog muab los ntawm Pisarev txog "nag xob nag" Ostrovsky. Tshwj tsis yog tias nws yuav ua tau ib qho piv txwv rau tiam uas nws destiny - hloov tus qhev Russia, oppressed los ntawm lub zos "princelings" ntawm lub hom Kabanihi thiab qus? Thaum zoo tshaj plaws, xws li ib tug yus tua yus yuav ua ib tug pej xeem outcry. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus social pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab manipulators yuav tsum kom muaj zog-willed thiab kawm ntawv cov neeg!

Txawm li cas los, tsis derogatory comments txog Catherine Pisarev. "Lub Cua daj", hais tias lub critic, tsis muaj zem li qhia siv kuj cim nws cov duab txij li thaum yau. Catherine duab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim yog zoo li lub unforgettable duab ntawm los sis Ilicha Oblomova! Qhov teeb meem ntawm nws unformed cwm pwm - nyob rau hauv ib txig xis thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas. Cov niam txiv tsis npaj nws rau adulthood! Ntxiv mus, lawv tsis muab nws ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tau lees paub hais tias, tsis zoo li los sis Ilicha, tau txais Katerina nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau paaj chaw tshaj Kabanov tsev neeg, nws yuav tsum yuav mus rau qhov chaw, raws li ib tug neeg. Ostrovsky no muab ib lub hauv paus rau ...

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo daim duab ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb

Qhov no artistic ntseeg, ib tug zoo duab - qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm Catherine Pisarev. "Lub Cua daj" nrog nws nyeem ntawv ua rau yus tus nyeem ntawv kom paub hais tias lub ntsiab ua cim tiag tiag muaj ib tug nrog lub siab lub ntsws xwb cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tswv yim cwm pwm. Nws xam qhovkev tej zaum ntawm ib tug cwj pwm zoo rau kev muaj tiag. Nws intuitively pom tau tias qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug loj Lavxias teb sab zej zog - txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus txiv neej. Nws muaj ib tug latent zog (uas nws pom tau tias, tab sis tsis tau kawm kom tswj tau nws). Yog li ntawd kuv tau quaj thov Katya lus: "Yog vim li cas cov neeg - tsis noog?". Tus sau tsis ntawd xeeb xws li ib tug kev sib piv, vim hais tias cov heroine subconsciously xav txoj kev ywj pheej, zoo ib yam li ib tug uas pom tau tias cov noog nyob rau hauv lub davhlau. Txoj kev ywj pheej tawm tsam rau uas nws lacks puas hlwb muaj zog ...

xaus

Yuav ua li cas cov lus xaus qhia txog nws tsab xov xwm Pisarev "Motives ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam"? "Lub Cua daj" depicts tsis "hero ntawm lub sij hawm", tsis yog "ray ntawm lub teeb". Qhov no duab yog npaum li cas weaker, tiam sis tsis kos duab (ntawm no yog cia li cas), tab sis nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig kom loj hlob. Nws yuav tsis "lub sij hawm hero," "lov," raws li ib tug cwm pwm. Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg uas yog hu ua "rays ntawm lub teeb", sai li sai li sai tau mus tua dua mus ua txhaum. Thiab Katerina - tsis muaj zog ...

Muaj ob critics thiab cov kev taw qhia txog kev xav: ib tsab xov xwm hais txog cov "Cua daj" Pisarev, zoo li tsab xov xwm Dobrolyubova Attendance kho lub npe ntawm cov kev ua si. Qhov no - tsis yog atmospheric phenomenon, ntshai yuav tuag Catherine. Tiamsis, nws yog hais txog kev sib raug zoo tej teeb meem tau ncaim mus uncivil haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem nrog txoj kev loj hlob xav tau kev pab.

Ostrovsky - ib yam ntawm cov foob. Ob lub thuam tsom, raws li los ntawm Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem, cov neeg - muaj tsis muaj txoj cai, lawv tsis muaj kev ywj, lawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yuav raug "Kabaniha" thiab "qus". Vim li cas Dobrolyubov thiab Pisarev ntawm lub "Cua daj" tau sau li txawv.

Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog yeej ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntau tshaj ib tug lub ntsiab lus "hauv qab". Nws muaj thiab psychology, thiab kev sib raug zoo. Txhua yam ntawm kev sau ntawv critics nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej comprehended txawv teem ua ntej. Thiab ob leeg ib tug thiab lwm yam yog ua li cas nrog txuj ci, thiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv tsuas tau txais txiaj ntsim los ntawm qhov no. Yog li ntawd, nws yog dag xav: "Pisarev ntawm cov kev ua si" nag xob nag "sau raug los Hnub Yug?". Undoubtedly, koj yuav tsum nyeem ob khoom ...