Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm: daim ntawv teev

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Romanticism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov no yog vim li cas tus tsom xam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tau muab tso rau qhov teeb meem ntawm txiv neej lub puab ntiaj teb no. Raws li hais txog nws Belinsky nqis Zhukovsky invaluable - nws muab "lub plawv thiab ntsuj plig" ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam.

Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm siab rau puab kev xav ntawm tus hero, lub siab thiab tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm cov txiv neej, uas coj mus rau lub fact tias cov kws sau paj lug twb yuav tsum tau los mus kov yeej lub siab style uas classicists sau nws predecessors. Lus tej hauj lwm ua ntau lub siab lub ntsws, cus ciav, kis txawv puas siab puas ntsws nuances. Nws muaj xws li cov phraseology thiab hais lus.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Cov kws sau paj lug yug lub ib hlis ntuj 29, 1783 nyob rau ciam ntawm Oryol, Kaluga thiab Tula xeev, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Mishenskoe. Nws yog tus tsaub tub ib tug muaj nyiaj tswv av, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin thiab Turkish cov poj niam, uas nyob rau hauv 1770 Lavxias teb sab yuav nyob rau hauv lub storming ntawm Bender.

Npe menyuam yaus yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug txais los ntawm nws nkauj muam nraug nus, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, ib tug neeg txom nyem nobleman, uas nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes Bunin, uas tau txais lub me nyuam tub. Yog li nws zam lub tsaub raws li txoj cai.

Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm (daim ntawv teev)

Cov kws sau paj lug sau tau ib ntau, li ntawd, puag nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib tsab xov xwm, nws yog heev yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, peb muab rau koj lub loj tej hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky (daim ntawv teev nyob rau hauv sib lawv liag).

1. "Tej zaum thaum sawv ntxov" (1797).
2. "Xav hauv lub qhov ntxa" (1797).
3. "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas" (1802).
4. "Yav tsaus ntuj" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "Svetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer nyob rau hauv lub camp ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog" (1812).
8. "Aeolian Harp" (1814).
9. "Inexplicable" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye selo os dej dawb" (1851).
11. "Giro Jew" (1851-1852 xyoo).

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog txhua yam khoom, saib hauv qab no.

Hluas thiab cov thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm

Txawm nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov xyoo kawm nyob rau hauv nce tsev kawm ntawv, nyob hauv lub University of Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, uas nws ua hauj lwm peb yuav tsom xam, nws tsim nws cov thawj cov kwv huam. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm nws ua tau thaum lub sij hawm tau hais tias yuav: lub paj huam "Tej zaum thaum sawv ntxov" thiab cov prose ua hauj lwm "Xav hauv lub qhov ntxa," sau nyob rau hauv 1797. Cov paj huam "Tej zaum thaum sawv ntxov" pib nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm classicism: "Belorumyana kaj ntug ntawm lub nce ...". qhov xwm ntawm cov duab piav nyob rau hauv cov abstract, idealistic. Siv siab paub cov ntsiab lus ( "ntsej muag"), mifologizm ( "Phoebe"), compound adjectives ( "belorumyana"). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kab hauv qab no muaj ib tug kev xav ntawm bitterness thiab tsis plawv. Xeem tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsuj plig ntawm sentimentalism: "Lub neej, kuv tus phooj ywg, lub abyss ntawm lub kua muag thiab kev txom nyem ...".

"Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas"

Early hauj lwm los ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Elegy. Karamzin, thaum tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws yog nws leej twg muab Zhukovsky txaus siab rau ib tug ntawm nws tus thawj loj tej hauj lwm - lub Elegy "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas", translation Elegy Thomas Grey, English kws sau paj lug. Karamzin tau pom zoo no ua hauj lwm thiab tau tiav tias nyob rau hauv 1802 hloov lub Elegy twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Phau ntawv Journal ntawm cov teb chaws Europe", uas tus publisher ntawm lub sij hawm, nws yog. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm tej hauj lwm - lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej, thiab tus txiv neej txoj kev sib raug nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraum. Elegy yuav ua lub tsev raws li ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, tshwm sim los ntawm lub contemplation ntawm lub zos toj ntxas. Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nthawv tshwm sim cov lus nug hais tias nws yog ua teb. Lawv koom siab los ntawm ib tug ntau lub tswv yim ntawm cov transience ntawm lub neej thiab lub vicissitudes ntawm txoj hmoo. Cov kws sau paj lug prefers tsis "confidants ntawm Fortune," thiab cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau qhov zoo ntawm lub teb chaws.

"Yav tsaus ntuj"

Ib me ntsis tom qab, tau thawj thawj hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky, xws li cov Elegy "Yav tsaus ntuj", sau nyob rau hauv 1806. Txawm hais tias kws sau paj lug tus kheej thiab nyeem tau yog tsis tau tag nrho tsim, ciav kev sib raug zoo thiab cov suab paj nruas Elegy lus. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Yav tsaus ntuj" - lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej, tib neeg destiny. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yam nyob rau hauv lub neej, raws li tus kws sau paj lug, kev hlub thiab kev phooj ywg, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xwm. Nyob rau hauv no Elegy tseem discernible classic kev lig kev cai: siv mifologizm ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") thiab Slavonicisms ( "nyob rau hauv Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" thiab al.).

"Don Quixote", ib qho tseem ceeb cov khoom

Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam yuav qhib nyob rau hauv 1804, thawj ntawm rau tagnrho cov tus neeg txhais lus ntawm Cervantes 'Don Quixote, "uas tseem cim melodic hais lus nyob Lavxias teb sab lus.

Nyob rau hauv 1808, Zhukovsky (hnub nyoog cia li 25) los ua cov thawj ntawm cov editor ntawm lub "Bulletin ntawm cov teb chaws Europe", lub successor mus Karamzin. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau, sau dab neeg, xyuas, kwv huam, ib qho tseem ceeb tsab ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los qhov kws sau paj lug hais txog Romanticism raws li ib tug tshiab kev ywj siab coj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Classic kev cai rau Romanticism yog tsis muaj, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm "proportionality" thiab "congruity" saj, stylistic compatibility.

"Lyudmila"

Lwm yam Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm twb tsis yog tas elegies. Nyob rau hauv 1808 nws luam tawm thawj txhiab - "Lyudmila", uas yog ib tug dawb neeg txhais lus ntawm tsim yaam tshab G. Burger, German kws sau paj lug. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm tus nyeem ntawv mus rau hauv lub tsis paub hais tias lub ntiaj teb no tshaj, frightening thiab alluring nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Cov zajlus yuav siv sij hawm tus nyeem ntawv rau cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum lub sij hawm Livonian ua tsov ua rog ntawm 16-17 centuries. Lub ntsiab cim, Lyudmila, tos nws tus hlub los ntawm lub battlefield thiab, tsis tos rau, pib yws yws tiv thaiv txoj hmoo. Cov niam nws ntxias nws, hais tias "Paradise - siab mos siab muag recompense, ntuj raug txim - lub siab", thiab hais lus rau ua raws li saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Txawm li cas los, Lyudmila poob txoj kev ntseeg, thiab nws ua ib tug ntau ntawm ntuj raug txim es tsis txhob ntawm cov kev tsim ntshaw.

"Svetlana"

Cov khoom ntawm "Svetlana" (Zhukovsky) - qhov no yog tus thawj txhiab, uas muaj Lavxias teb sab qhuas thiab kev ntseeg.

Cov mus ob peb vas ntawm no piece, raws li txwv mus rau "Ludmilla", zoo siab, kaj. Lub txhiab tso cov ntsiab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg - podblyudnyh nkauj thiab kab zauv ( "Xamiv Skuy kuv Zlat thiab tshiab yas", "kuv zoo nkauj", "podruzhenka," "kev xyiv fab, lub teeb ntawm kuv ob lub qhov muag," "Vwm teeb" thiab lwm tus neeg.). Svetlana kuj xav kom tus nraug vauv, tab sis, tsis zoo li Ludmila thaum kawg raws li nws.

"Aeolian Harp"

Romantic tej hauj lwm Zhukovsky txuas ntxiv creation "Aeolian Harp" (1814). Nws organically combines txhiab thiab lyric cov paj huam. Analysis ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky pom tias Belinsky, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nyob rau hauv lub txhiab "teem tag nrho taw tes, tag nrho cov ntxim nyiam ntawm qab Zhukovsky romance." Lub heroine tsis tuag, thiab mus txog rau lub lwm lub ntiaj teb, qhov twg nws koom thaum kawg nrog nws tus hlub. Dvoemiriya motif permeates ntau nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky, dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov nws ua hauj lwm.

"Singer nyob rau hauv lub camp ..."

Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812 yuav tsis muaj lub xyoo raws li tsis mus ua ib lo lus teb nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, uas yog me ntsis txog cov nws tag lawm - Zhukovsky coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub hostilities nyob rau hauv lub nyob qib lieutenant, sib ntaus sib tua rau lub motherland. Tus txheej xwm ntawm lub sij hawm uas mob siab rau mus ua hauj lwm, "Singer nyob rau hauv lub camp ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog", nyob rau hauv uas lub patriotic ntsiab yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho nyuaj, vim hais tias txhua yam yog kev cob cog rua nrog tus neeg sau txoj koj tus kheej. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv, ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tarutino. Poet qhuas tus ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg, lawv heroism thiab siab tawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Yus no odic solemn, sublime lus, siv Slavonicisms, xws li "party", "party", "CE", "pom", "stared", thiab lwm tus neeg. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke ntawm trehstopnogo thiab iambic tetrameter, uas yog txawv txawv thaum lub sij hawm, raws li ib tug Ode rau no sau heev dua lwm yam iambic tetrameter.

"Inexplicable"

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Masha Protassova, lover thiab muse, uas cov kws sau paj lug tsis tau tuaj koom nyob rau hauv lub neej raws li tus hluas nkauj tus niam raug txwv mus rau lawv sib yuav, Zhukovsky pib nce mus xav txog lub nyob mus ib txhis, saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, verses tshwm mystical Hawj txawm thiab kev cai dab qhuas motives. Cov hauj lwm yog ib tug me ntsis stricter, tej zaum cov kws sau paj lug tsis kam mus thiab los ntawm cov nyiam stylistic excesses, thiab txawm sib dhos. Nws ntws los saud "tshaj inexplicable xav" hais tias nws sim qhia nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "inexplicable" (1819):

"Tag nrho cov immensity nyob rau hauv ib ua tsis taus pa tej chaw tej;
Thiab tsuas yog tus silence ua rau nws paub tseeb. "

Translations 20-30th.

Nyob rau hauv lub 20-30-ies. lub kws sau paj lug tsim tshiab ballads thiab txhais. Kawm nws borrows los ntawm Goethe ( "Noog"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Khob"), Scott ( "Tsev fuabtais Smeagolm los yog Ivanov yav tsaus ntuj") thiab lwm yam paj huam. Zhukovsky translates rau "Lub Lay ntawm Igor", "Shinonsky neeg raug txim" Byron (1818-1822), "tub txib ntawm Orleans" Schiller thiab Goethe yog xav, nrog leej twg nws muaj peev xwm mus ntsib nyob rau hauv tus neeg nyob rau hauv 1821, thaum lub kws sau paj lug thawj ua ib qho chaw twg txawv teb chaws.

Tsis ntev los no tej hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky

Tsis ntev los no ballads Zhukovsky yog translations ntawm cov kwv huam "Rustam thiab Zohrab" thiab "ib txhis thiab Damayanti", nyob rau hauv uas nws qhia rau nyob mus ib txhis. Cov ballads suab heev niaj hnub, vim daim ntawv sau free nqe thiab koom nrog disturbing ntxhais. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, uas nws tej hauj lwm tsis muaj tsawg thawj, feem ntau borrows motifs thiab cov ntxhais ntawm txawv teb chaws sau phau ntawv.

Tsuas yog thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 58, nyob rau hauv 1841, lub kws sau paj lug thaum kawg pom ib tsev neeg los ntawm marrying Elizabeth Reitern. Txawm li cas los, tej lub sij hawm tom qab sib yuav, Elizabeth poob mob, thiab cov tsev neeg rau tus kho lus ntawm nws noj qab haus huv mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Ntawm no Zhukovsky mob, tiam sis txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1851, Zhukovsky sau Elegy "Tsarskoye selo os dej dawb", uas xaus nrog kev tuag ntawm ib tug os dej dawb, ib zaug nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo. Qhov no ua hauj lwm los ntawm ntawv, allegorically, tab sis heev ua tsaug qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, ciaj nws lub sij hawm thiab nws tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws pib hais kuv sau (raws li cov tuav tus cwj mem yuav tsis tau) nws kawg zaj paj huam "Lub Giro Jew", yavivshuyusya thawj tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau. Tu siab, nws tseem tsis tiav.

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 12, 1852 Zhukovsky tuag nyob rau hauv lub German nroog ntawm Baden-Baden.

Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub era ntawm classical thiab txawj taw ntawm cov thawj feem peb ntawm cov xyoo pua puv 19, tau los mus ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm pressing cov teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm thiab muab impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia - nyob rau hauv ib tug romantic txoj kev.