Cov hauj lwm ntawm Ostrowski: daim ntawv teev cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tus thawj daim ntawm Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", tus sau ntawm plays, uas muab Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub "tiag tiag" cov ntaub ntawv - nws A. N. Ostrovsky, uas nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua los ua lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub repertoire ntawm lub Maly Theatre nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tag nrho lawv tau sau, yog tsis ua li cas rau kev nyeem ntawv, thiab rau cov theem. Cov tshwm sim ntawm 40 xyoo uas muaj tswv yim ua si los ua tus thawj (50), tsim nyob rau hauv co-authorship, kev thiab txhais ua.

Qhov chaw ntawm "kev tshoov siab"

Tag nrho tej hauj lwm ntawm Ostrowski yog raws li nyob rau hauv tas mus li xyuas ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm txawv kev kawm ntawv, feem ntau tub txawj tub ntse thiab gentry.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas playwright dhau tam sim no liab - lub qub koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow, uas yog tsuas yog inhabited los ntawm tradesmen. Yog li ntawd, Ostrovsky twb zoo muaj cuab kav nrog txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab nta intrafamily thiab kev sib raug zoo. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, nws zoo nkaus li ntau thiab ntau thiaj li hu ua "speculators" - lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab neeg ua lag luam.

Heev pab tau yog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub conscientious Moscow lub tsev hais plaub qhov twg Alexander koom nyob rau hauv 1843. 8 xyoo tswvyim heev heev sib foob thiab quarrels ntawm tub txawj tub ntse thiab cov txheeb ze tso cai rau noog nqi lus uas yuav tau sau ntawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky.

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm playwright txiav txim siab los faib 4 yooj yim lub sij hawm. Txhua twb cim los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb mus kom ze rau lub depiction ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab cov tsos ntawm kaj daim.

1847-1851 xyoo. Tus thawj thwmsim

Sau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm "natural tsev kawm ntawv" thiab nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev cai tso cia los ntawm Gogol, coj ib tug novice txawj sau ntawv title "Columbus Zamoskvorechye". Tab sis zoo nkauj tsis ntev lawv twb hloov los ntawm kev ua si, uas tag vytesnli epic lwm yam.

Tus thawj daim ntawm Ostrovsky - "Tsev Neeg Daim duab", thawj nyeem los ntawm tus sau ntawm ib tog twg ntawm S. Shevyreva. Tab sis koob meej theem "Bankrut", tom qab ntawd renamed "nws haiv neeg - yog suav!" Lub tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv daim yog instantaneous. Censorship nws tau tam sim ntawd txwv (sau nyob rau hauv 1849, tuaj nyob rau lub scene xwb nyob rau hauv 1861), thiab V. Odoyevski muab tso rau hauv ib tug par nrog cov "ignoramus", "Woe los ntawm wit" thiab "soj ntsuam". Rau ob peb lub xyoo, cov khoom tau ntse nyeem nyob rau hauv lub voj voog thiab txawj yav tsaus ntuj, muab cov tub ntxhais sau yog universally pom tau hais tias.

1852-1855 xyoo. "Moskvityaninsky" lub sij hawm

Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum Ostrovsky tuaj koom lub "cov tub ntxhais editorial neeg ua hauj lwm" magazine, cov lus qhuab qhia lub tswv yim ntawm 'av, thiab muaj ib tug paj laum rau tus neeg ua lag luam. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv chav kawm ntawv, tsis txuam nrog serfdom thiab tsis sib nrauj los ntawm cov neeg, yuav ua, raws li Grigoryev, ib tug tshiab dag zog yuam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm 3 ua hauj lwm Ostrowski, ib tug ntawm cov uas - "Neeg txom nyem tsis kho raws".

Lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm cov duab ntawm tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo ua lag luam Tortsov. Overbearing thiab tyrannical txiv, txaus siab, kev npaj mus yuav nws tus ntxhais, nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug neeg txom nyem tus tub qhe ntawm tus ntse thiab cov nplua nuj Korshunova. Nws yog ib lub lag luam ntawm lub tshiab tiam, uas yeej tsis ntsib tsis tau nws. Ua kom-tyrant tij laug tsis nyiam - nws qaug dej qaug cawv, tsis amassed ib tug hmoov zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nram qab no kev ncaj ncees kev cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub rooj plaub yog daws ntse rau Luba, thiab cov playwright neeg pab leg ntaubntawv yeej Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kab lis kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm lub European.

1856-1860 xyoo. Rapprochement nrog lub "Kawm"

Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no: "Ib tug Profitable Post", "Nyob rau hauv ib tug coj txawv txawv tsiab peb caug hangover" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, "Cov cua daj" - yog cov tshwm sim ntawm rethinking lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub yawg suab ua lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nws yog tsis muaj ntev attracted los ntawm lub playwright, thiab ntau thiab ntau nta tyranny thiab desperately sim kom tiv thaiv cov tshiab thiab kev ywj pheej (qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov commoners ntawm "Kawm"). Qhov no yog feem ntau kom meej meej "tsaus ntuj nti nceeg vaj" tau raug qhia nyob rau hauv ib puas ntsoog playwright "Lub Cua daj". Ntawm no, muaj tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas tsis xav kom muab tso nrog domostroevskimi cai.

Ntsuam xyuas cov hauj lwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 40-50, A. Grigoriev hu ua Ostrovskogo A. N. muaj tseeb "tib neeg lub kws sau paj lug", uas hais txog lub enormity ntawm lawv paintings xwm.

1861-1886 xyoo. mature ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub 25 xyoo ntawm lub post-kho kom zoo playwright sau tiag tiag li tej hauj lwm, muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv hom ntawv nyeem thiab cov ntsiab. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav grouped rau hauv ob peb pawg.

1. Comedy hais txog lub neej ntawm cov tub txawj tub ntse: "Qhov tseeb yog zoo, tab sis kev zoo siab yog ib qho zoo", "txhua txhua hnub yog tsis Sunday."
2. Satire: "Hma yuav nrog menyuam yaj", "Ib qho yooj yim nyiaj," "Lub hav zoov", thiab lwm tus neeg.
3. "Duab ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Moscow" thiab "tus nqi ntawm lub outback" ntawm lub "me ntsis" neeg "Hnyav Hnub", "qub phooj ywg yog ib qho zoo tshaj li ob tug tshiab sawv daws yuav," etc.
4. Vaj Keeb Kwm nyob rau hauv ib cov keeb kwm ntsiab lus: "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk" thiab lwm tus neeg.
5. Puas siab puas ntsws ua yeeb yam "The Xeem tsim txom", "Bride".

Apart yog cov kev ua si-taleas "Daus leej".

Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub xeem xyoo lawm ua tragic thiab philosophical thiab puas siab puas ntsws sijhawm thiab txawv artistic perfection thiab muaj tiag mus kom ze rau cov duab.

Lub creator ntawm lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam

Centuries dhau los, tab sis tej hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovskogo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha tseem sau tau cov ntawv ceeb toom rau tus uas sawv ntawm lub teb chaws, tawm tswv yim cov kab lus Ivan Goncharov: "... tom qab uas koj ... peb yuav hais uas muaj nuj nqis: peb muaj peb tus kheej Lavxias teb sab teb chaws ua yeeb yam." "Tsis Bride" thiab "nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej lub laub", "sib yuav Bal'zaminova" thiab "Lub siab yog tsis ib lub pob zeb," "Tsis muaj penny, thiab mam li nco dheev Altyn" thiab "Txaus stupidity nyob rau hauv Txhua Wise txiv neej" ... Daim ntawv nrog paub txhua theatergoers Ostrowski plays lub npe yuav muaj mus ntxiv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Tsaug rau cov kev ntawm lub playwright rau cov theem tuaj ciaj sia ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho ntawm cov teeb meem uas yuav yeej ib txwm mob siab txog tib neeg.