Phosphoric acid, nyob rau mis H 3 PO 4, kuj hu ua phosphoric. Tus compound nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob yog ib tug khoom hauv lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Me muaju ntawm lub substance yog tsis muaj kob. Acid yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv dej, ethanol thiab lwm yam organic kuab tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub khoom thiab kua hauv lub xeev, lub lwg me me ntawm lub substance ntawm lub koom haum ntawm los ntawm hydrogen bonds thiab, rau qhov no yog vim li cas nws feeb meej H3PO4 muaj ib tug muaj zog viscosity. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm 42,3 C, thaum los ntawm cua sov mus txog 213 C yuav pyrophosphoric acid H 4 P 2 O 7.
Phosphoric acid yog ib qho ntsha nruab nrab lub dag lub zog li zoo li tribasic acid, nws dissociates stepwise nyob rau hauv peb cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv aqueous daws teeb meem.
Npaj orthophosphoric acid feem ntau ib lub ntsev ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv lub phosphate minerals - apatite thiab phosphorus, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm sulfuric acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm co ntawm phosphorus oxide (V) los ntawm hydrolysis los yog ib tug inorganic compound - phosphor pentachloride.
Phosphoric acid yog reacted nrog bases, hlau oxides, ntsev, active co thiab muaj zog acids. Thaum interacting nrog hydroxides neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim, cov kev tshwm sim uas yog lub tsim ntawm ntsev thiab dej. Reacting nrog hlau oxides tau daim ntsev thiab dej. Thaum reacting nrog lub ntsev pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, uas yog tau thaum tus tshiab ntsev thiab lub acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm orthophosphoric acid nrog nyiaj nitrate (ntsev) yog ib tug zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas nws mus ntes nws daws teeb meem. Subtotal - daj precipitate - Nyiaj phosphate (Ag 3 PO 4). Txij li thaum active co, uas yog cov Beketova li hydrogen nkag mus rau hauv hloov tshua. Interacting nrog muaj zog acids (bleach) exhibits ib tug dual xwm (amphoteric) thiab ntaub ntawv complex ntsev - phosphoryl. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub compound yuav thermally decomposed rau diphosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid, kev siv ntawm cov uas yog dav, dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, nyob rau hauv particular rau zus tau tej cov chiv uas muaj phosphorus. Tej chiv yuav ua tau kom tsis tsuas tsim tau, tab sis kuj favorably cuam tshuam rau microbiological muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab loj hlob ntawm kab lig, raws li zoo raws li yuav ua tau kom lub hardiness ntawm cov qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj lub acid siv raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive E 338, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub marmalade, phoov thiab si dej haus cawv. Nws yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphoric acid thiab citric acid nyob rau hauv cov dej thaum ntev siv tshwm sim kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse muag txha hniav laus thiab dentin twb tau muab siv los ntawm cov kws kho hniav. Piv txwv li, phosphoric acid uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb muab tshuaj txhuam yog thov rau ib tug hniav ua ntej mus rau lub filling ntawm nws thiab txhawb kom cov nqaij mos demineralization. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog siv rau noob kev kho mob thiab cov tsev lag luam uas tsis yog-combustible ntoo xim tsev thiab varnishes thiab lub tsev ntaub ntawv (non-flammable phosphate ua npuas ncauj fosfodrevesnye phaj). Mob siab siv nyob rau hauv brazing tooj liab, ferrous co, stainless steel raws li ib tug nqus tsev vacuum uas tshem tawm ntawm tus nto sib txawv ntawm cov hlau oxides. Kuj siv nyob rau hauv descaling, xab npum thiab molecular biology.
Phosphoric acid yog pom active thiab diversified siv vim lawv physicochemical zog thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi kev npaj.