Electric eel: lom yam ntxwv

Electric eel - ntses uas generates ib tug paug tam sim no voltage ntawm 650 V. no voltage yuav ua tau tus tua tus neeg uas yog nyob ze. Sib deev paub tab fais eel nce mus txog ze li ntawm peb meters nyob rau hauv ntev, ces, raws li nws cov thickness yog hais txog kaum centimeters. Peb fais kabmob nyob yuav luag 80% ntawm lub eel lub cev, lub tshuav 20 nyob los ntawm lwm lub cev kev ua tau zoo ib tug tseem ceeb heev muaj nuj nqi (tu tub tu kiv, kev ua pa, plab zom mov, thiab lwm yam).

Feem ntau, dej inhabited los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob eel, cov neeg pluag nyob rau hauv cov pa, txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog tsis meej pem. Rau ntau ntau txhiab xyoo evolution, nws kawm ua pa O2. Hluas conger yuav kom meej meej pom, txawm li cas los, ntau lub xyoo, nws pom tau sai heev deteriorating. Nws yuav tsum muab sau tseg tias cov ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob, nws ob lub qhov muag yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb yuav pab tau. Pob txuv emit tsis muaj zog hluav taws xob impulses (40-50 C), tsawg-voltage paug cov ntaub ntawv los pab lawv nrhiav tau lawv prey.

Ntawm tag nrho cov ntses fauna yog tsuas peev xwm los tsim tus nqi no ntawm lub hwj chim uas yuav ua kom xiam hoob khab los yog txawm tua ib tug neeg. Tshwj xeeb electro pab ntses rau orientation, muaj txuj ci, kev yos hav zoov, thiab kev sib txuas lus. Hluav taws xob cov ntswg muaj peev xwm ntawm delivering txog 250 hom ntses, txawm li cas los, tsuas yog ob hom ntses (eels thiab rays) tsim ib tug xwb thiaj li haib uas yuav tua ib tug neeg. Hluav taws xob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj, nrog rau cov tib neeg. Hluav taws xob cov impulses kis los ntawm lub paj fibers nyob rau hauv lub hlwb neurons tau dhau ntau yam teeb uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm eels thiab rays ua heev npaum li cas lub zog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm siv nws raws li ib tug riam phom. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub lig 18th xyoo pua, zaum tau pom tias paj impulses yog elektrohimicheskuyu xwm. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, txawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg thaum ntxov xyoo, nws tau ua povthawj qhia tias lub paj Pib ntsais koj teeb - lub zog ntawm ions los ntawm daim nyias nyias neurocyte. Thaum so los yog ntseeg lawm xwb ntawm nws daim nyias nyias hlwb muaj ib tug tsis zoo tej zaum (tsis pub dhau lub tso ions K) thiab sab nraum noog ob tsis zoo thiab zoo ions (sodium thiab potassium ions). Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm allergic ntawm sodium ions rau hauv lub cell tej zaum yog hloov mus rau qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub qub xeev vim lub lag luam los ntawm "sodium twj tso kua mis" lub cell twg thiaj li raug tshem ntawm sodium ions.

eel ntses yog zoo yoog mus rau lub neej nyob rau hauv captivity, nws yog ib tug heev cov neeg ntawm lub tsev dej. Ib co kiv cua qhia rau nws muaj peev xwm ntawm eels siv qhov muag, nyob ntawm tej uas yog omitted nyob rau hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses. Tsoov tej zaum prey (me me ntses pub daim), hluav taws xob eel pib generating hluav taws xob ntswg nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab. Yog xav hnov cov zoo li qub suab nrov ua electrodischarges rau thoob dej yug ntses set suab amplifiers. Tuav xws li ib tug tsiaj - nws yog heev txaus ntshai.

Lub cim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov eel zaum no kawm rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no eels siv nyob rau hauv sim kawm nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlab gases, thaiv cov hlab kis tau tus mob ntawm impulses, thiab yog li yuav muaj feem xyuam rau siab ntsws tseem ceeb haumxeeb ua si (lub plawv, lub ntsws, digestive system). Paj gases inhibit cleavage ntawm acetylcholine (kho kom haum xeeb) tom qab nws blocks lub "sodium twj tso kua mis" neuron. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, acetylcholine nyob rau hauv lub cev tam sim ntawd tom qab lub cais, yuav ua li cas ua tau nws thawj muaj nuj nqi. Lub hydrolytic txheej txheem yog tswj los ntawm cov enzyme (cholinesterase). Cia li paj gases thaiv cov kev ua ntawm hais tias enzyme.

Electro eel yus muaj los ntawm tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cholinesterase. Tub rog tshwj xeeb tau siv hluav taws xob eels raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lub enzyme, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev kawm cov mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlab pa roj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.