Mustard: yees duab, sau qoob, siv, hauj lwm, microscopy

Ib tug ntawm cov kub txuj lom yog dav ntshai li mustard. Npaj nws nyuaj heev, thiab txaus qhuav hnav brew noob nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab ntxiv mus rau tus luj ntawm lub o tsawg concentration vinegar (kua los yog wine) thiab txawv txuj lom, xws li cinnamon, kua txob, Bay nplooj ntoos, tarragon, kav zaub, dos thiab qej.

Mustard, uas yog siv rau ua noj ua haus txuj lom, yog ntawm peb hom:

• Dawb. Cov tshuaj cuisine ntawm ces nws yog hu ua lus Askiv.
• Dub. Nws cov noob yog siv los npaj tus naas ej Dijon mustard. Muaj ntau dua 20 txoj kev ua noj ua haus no seasoning.
• Mustard, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nws yog feem ntau hu ua lub Lavxias teb sab (hais txog nws thiab yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm).

piav qhia

Mustard yog ib tug txhua xyoo herbaceous nroj, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 40-100 cm, nrog ib tug pas nrig, kuj tsis muaj zog hauv paus. Nyob rau tebchaws branching stems txheej txheem kav nplooj, ploj zuj zus upwards, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis ntau muab faib, zog thiab petiole. Lub hauv qab nplooj yog ua lwm, petiolate, feem ntau yog lirovidnoperisto-Lobed, ntsuab, thiab hais tias yog nyob rau sab saum toj heev - tag nrho, sessile, tab sis tsis amplexicaul thiab xiavlus Hawj txawm.

Inflorescence mustard sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya txhuam hais tias sai sai yuav nyob rau hauv lub flowering lub sij hawm. Cov plaub-perianth tsim spaced sepals, golden-daj Corolla thiab tej nplaim, sai sai narrowing nyob rau hauv tus ntsia thawv. Nyob rau hauv sarepstkoy mustard - 6 Stamens, ob tug uas yog sab nraud thiab luv luv, ib tug me ntsis zib ntab qog nyob puag; ua ntej ob tug ntev, muaj yog ib tug loj daim hlau. Lub pistil muaj zes qe menyuam-kab noj hniav thiab capitate stigma.

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm mustard nyob rau hauv ib tug linear, nyias, lumpy plhaub taum pauv ntev los ntawm 7 mus rau 12 hli. Cov kab uas hla ntawm lub noob - txog lub 1 hli, lawv xim yuav tsum yog dub-blue thiab xim av los yog daj ntseg daj. Flowering mustard yog nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening - Lub rau hli ntuj.

Qhov twg pom?

Mustard absently hlob nyob rau hauv Central Asia, sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, Mongolia thiab yav qab teb Siberia. Cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub steppe cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau tsis muaj av nyob ze txoj kev. Paub qhov txawv ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab feral mustard es tsis yooj yim. Lavxias teb sab cog tau txais ib lub caij nyoog coj nyob rau hauv Lower Volga flax noob thiab millet, tab sis lub zos muaj kev tswj kom soj ntsuam lub thaj chaw ntawm oleaginous nroj tsuag, thiab lawv tau pib koom nyob rau hauv nws cov sau qoob. Rau hnub tim, lub sowing chaw cov oilseeds peb qhov chaw yog raws nraim sareptskaya mustard (siv, zoo thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm). Tsis deb ntawm lub zos thawj Sarepta mustard roj zeb txawm qhib nyob rau hauv 1810.

Mustard: microscopy

Nyob rau hauv lub noob, muaj raws ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lub embryo yog yuav luag tsis muaj noj haus hloov cov ntaub so ntswg los yog endosperm. Ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem yuav pom ib tug ob peb horseshoe cotyledons thiab cov hauv paus hniav hloov puab.

Mustard (microscopy yog paub tseeb hais tias) muaj plaub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Loj tsis muaj kob hlwb uas muaj hnoos qeev tsim ib qho txheej txheej, los yog epidermis. Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm ib tug heev loj nyias-walled hlwb, o nrog macerating thiab yuav luag ntog cia nyob rau hauv lub qhuav rau lub noob.

Hlwb thib peb, sclerenchyma txheej yog heev yam ntxwv qauv. Nyob rau tus ntoo khaub lig-section pom lawv nyob rau hauv tsis, nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog teej qhov siab, tus uniformly ua, ces zuj zus lawm. Qhov no yog vim lub noob thiab laws ntawv tau cov saum npoo av.

Tangential elongated hlwb uas muaj xim av xim, tsim ib tug plaub txheej - daim tawv nqaij raws li endosperm. Tab sis lub embryo cov ntaub so ntswg yog sawv cev los ntawm nyias-walled hlwb uas muaj fatty roj thiab aleurone nplej.

tshuaj nyob tus yeees

mustard noob muaj tseem ceeb roj thiab Allyl Mustard, poov tshuaj bisulfate thiab glycoside sinigrin nqis rau piam thaj nyob rau hauv lub cawv mirozina enzyme. Los ntawm fermented noob tej zaum yuav tau npaj mustard roj yam tseem ceeb los ntawm distillation siv chav. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub tau cov khoom no yog tam sim no tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 40% Allyl Mustard roj thiab mus txog rau 50% krotonilgorchichnogo thiab tsianallil, ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov pa roj carbon disulfide thiab dimethyl sulfide. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog muab sau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib ethereal slabovysyhayuschego mustard roj fatty roj muaj erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, myristic acid thiab behenic acid, thiab hnoos qeev proteins. Cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj carotene, ascorbic acid, calcium ntsev thiab hlau.

Mustard: loj hlob

Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv xoob, fertile thiab zoo-drained av, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev nkag tau rau tshav ntuj. Propagated mustard (piav qhia, microscopy, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg muab saum toj no) noob sown nyob rau hauv lub qhib hauv av nws yog ntshaw caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, rau cov sau qoob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag xaiv cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua sov so.

Sowing nplooj mustard noob yog nqa tawm raws li thaum ntxov li sai tau. Flowering nroj tsuag yog nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj thiab Lub Xya hli ntuj, raws li zoo li lwm yam neeg sawv cev ntawm lub cabbage tsev neeg. Nyob hauv ib lub ua ntej lawm sowing rosette ntawm nplooj tshwm sim ua ntej lub solstice, lub hnub ntev, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub seedlings yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov crucifer dev mub kab.

Rau loj hlob mustard optionally faib cais txaj, nws hlob zoo thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov kab. Noob uas sown mus rau ib tug tob ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 1 cm. Raws li sai raws li cov thawj nplooj, seedlings yuav tsum nyias thiaj li hais tias qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog 5 rau 8 cm. Afterwards xav tau fertilizing nitrogen chiv thiab ywg dej. Tom qab hais txog 20 hnub mustard siab nce mus txog 10-15 cm, thiab yuav npaj txhij rau kev siv.

Close cov txheeb ze ntawm cov kev cai cov nroj tsuag yog zaub qhwv, watercress, radishes, turnips, rutabaga, qos liab, rape, lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav oilseed rape. Qhov no yuav tsum raug xam tias yog thaum npaj lub cog ntawm noob. Tsis haum rau cov loj hlob mustard tej qhov chaw uas yav tas los loj hlob flax roj noob, millet, paj noob hlis los yog beet.

Yuav ua li cas sau thiab procure raw cov ntaub ntawv?

Mustard, los yog es nws cov noob npaj rau sau thaum siav nyob rau hauv lub qis thiab theem nrab qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag pods, yog li pib tuag ntawm sab nplooj.

Thawj nyom qhuav thiab maj mam muab thresh thiab ntxuav lub noob. Lawv ces kis nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej nyob rau hauv lub tais thiab thaum kawg qhuav nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo ventilated cheeb tsam. Yuav kom zoo dua raw khoom tau evaporated, nws yuav tig los do.

Lub qhuav mustard noob ceev nyob rau hauv ntaub hnab. Cia raw cov ntaub ntawv yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv limbo nyob rau hauv ib tug ventilated thiab qhuav qhov chaw, kom tsis txhob mustiness.

Txee lub neej ntawm mustard noob - 2 xyoo, yog li sim siv lawv thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no. Yog hais tias cov nqaij nyoos khoom tseem tshuav, nws yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tawm. Nyiaj sib nrauj noob tsis pom zoo rau siv.

Mustard li chiv

Raws li tshiab cog loj, raug xaiv nyob rau hauv cov av los qhia txhawb nws nrog organic tshuaj tej zaum yuav siv mustard. Ntsuab quav:

• tau mus luaj lub teb chaws los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cultivated xau.
• Tsaug rau ntse phytosanitary zog tiv thaiv slugs, wireworm thiab noob taum npauj, tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm lig blight thiab kiav txhab nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm.
• Sai tsub kom lub biomass, uas ua rau av replenishes cov as-ham.
• Nws pab txoj kev cov av qauv. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm mustard, ncav ib ntev ntawm 1.5-3 meters, zoo-drained av thiab loosen uas muab zoo heev dej kuj thiab vozduhoemkost.
• Ncua nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov av thiab converts lwm as-ham rau lub organics tsis cia lawv mus rau hauv ib lub tob txheej.
• Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov daus rau tsob nroj ntsuab quav yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv mulch, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv lub Autumn thiab lub caij ntuj no los tiv thaiv cov av ntawm cia kom khov.

mustard ntau ntau yam

Nyob rau hauv lub register ntawm chaw ua taus zes tau ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation sau npe 9 ntawm ntau yam mustard, pom zoo rau kev siv:

• Quav hnav - thaum ntxov maturing, nrog semi-kis rosette, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 25-28 cm los ntawm ntoo mus rau txiav lub greenery sau los ntawm 25 mus rau 30 hnub ..
• Mustard volnushki. Kev loj hlob los ib lub hlis. Early maturing ntau yam nrog ib tug me ntsis kis tus kab mob, loj, txhim tsa rosette nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla nce mus txog 25-32 cm. Mustard volnushki sai ua lub ntsuab loj.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. Kev loj hlob los tom qab 58-60 hnub.
• Mustang - nruab nrab-qib, cog siab nce mus txog 25-27 cm.
• Sadko.
• Zoo nkauj. Sau ntsuab yuav pib 18-20 hnub tom qab rov tshwm sim.
• Prima.
• Si nyhav.

Siv lub chav ua noj

Mustard pom siv nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus. Los ntawm nws puv tawm zoo relish, amplifying palatability ntawm ntau cov tais diav. mustard hmoov siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm mayonnaise, ntau yam kua ntsw thiab cov ntaub qhwv. Lub crushed noob muab ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw ntawm sausages thiab lwm yam khoom.

Cov kaus poom zaub mov, sprinkle nrog mustard hmoov, kav ntev dua. Diav mustard feem ntau tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug ntxiv rau cov ntses thiab cov nqaij, raws li zoo raws li kev haus luam yeeb.

Fatty mustard roj vim zoo saj yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov khoom ci thiab kaus poom zaub. Raws li chefs nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev condiment rau xam lav, taum tais diav, nqaij thiab cov kua ntsw.

Mustard hmoov yog ib feem ntawm lub domestic ntau lawm ntawm cov kua ntsw, "Kuban", "Amateur" thiab "South". Hluas mustard zaub ntsuab thaum ntxiv rau xam lav tsis tau tsuas yog txhawb lawv nrog vitamin C, tab sis pab palatability.

Lwm yam chaw ntawm qhov kev siv

Mustard tau pom daim ntawv thov tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua noj ua haus tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Grindings los ntawm roj noob nroj tsuag yog siv rau cov mob khaub thuas, bronchial inflammatory tus kab mob, peripheral paj, pleurisy, mob caj dab rheumatoid, radiculitis thiab myositis.

Mustard roj ncuav mog qab zib yog siv raws li ib tug raw khoom rau muab phytin, uas yog qhia rau cov kev kho mob ntawm neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension thiab leeg tshav diathesis. Zoo tau yog tau thaum cov tshuaj impotence thiab tsis qab los noj mov.