Lub zog

Qeb lub zog - ib yam ntawm cov coob hluavtaws tswv yim uas characterizes ib tug uas nws kim heev ntau yam ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tshuaj, cov khoom thiab phenomena tsis muaj uas cov kev txawj ntse kev ua ntawm tus txiv neej yog unthinkable.

Nyob rau hauv lub broadest kev txiav txim zoo, cov zog tuab tag nrho cov uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj, i.e. xws li hais tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog xam qhovkev account ntawm nws kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj.

Cov no muaj xws zog xws li melting thiab kub tsis kub, tshav kub muaj peev xwm thiab thermal conductivity, ceev cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm electrophysical zog yog inductance, thermal conductivity thiab dielectric qhov. Heev tseem ceeb yog cov khoom xws li haum, xim, concentration.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj kev mob kev nkag siab ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw ntawd, uas lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua si los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib yam khoom uas tej zaum yuav sib nruab nrab thiab ruaj khov xwb nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub ruaj khov yog cov qauv thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nws cov molecules. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim hais tias, txawm yog nyob rau hauv tib lub xeev ntawm aggregation, lub cev thaj chaw ntawm ib yam khoom uas yuav ua tau txawv. Cov kev txawv no yog predetermined los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshwm sim, xws li siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo qauv, nrhiav nws raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug daws, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, tag nrho cov tshuaj pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj lub zog, uas txiav txim nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntuj. Piv txwv li, lub melting kub (cov cuab yeej no yog feem ntau raug nplua raws li neeg ua tim khawv nyob rau hauv lub solidification kub), yog tus ciam ntsuas kub ntawm uas cov khoom crystalline lub cev yuav kis tau mus rau hauv lub kua hauv lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias cov ntsiab lus yog lo lus "tau", uas yog, nws txhais tau tias thaum ib tug muab kub, cov khoom tej zaum yuav yog kua los yog khoom. Tab sis yog hais tias qhov kub nce dog dig, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, ntawm chav kawm, mus rau hauv ib kua hauv lub xeev, thiab thiaj li - nyob rau tsis tooj. Qhov no lub cev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog zoo yam mus rau lwm lub vaj tse - boiling point, tab sis cov no cov khoom yeej zoo tib yam nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum nws tawm los rau cov ntshiab substance.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub cev zog xws li hluav taws xob conductivity, hluav taws xob conductivity, muaj feem xyuam rau cov sub-pab pawg neeg ntawm electro, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov zog tuab tib neeg lub cev kev muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv no, cov neeg lub cev uas ua hluav taws xob no yog hu ua conductors, thaum cov neeg uas tsis nco - dielectrics. Raws li yam ntxwv lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav tam sim ntawd xaus tshuaj zog. Y conductors yeej ib txwm free nqa ntawm hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis xws dielectrics tej zaum yuav tsis muaj. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia ua rau lub xaus hais tias lub cev muaj zog yog zoo kev cob cog nrog lub thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lawv nrog ua txhua lwm yam.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm yuav piav raws li ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm tshuaj thiab khoom uas koos peb nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Piv txwv li, qhov yooj yim lub cev thaj chaw ntawm nitrogen - ib yam khoom uas uas yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm cov pa peb qus ua pa yog raws li nram no.

Nitrogen yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj, uas muaj ib tug melting sov li sib npaug zos rau -210 ° C, thiab nyob ib tug kub ntawm -196 ° C, nitrogen boils. Nitrogen yog soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab nws ceev 0.0012506 g / cm3. Lub dielectric qhov ntawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv ib tug kub sib npaug zos rau 1.000528 rau 25 ° C.

Los yog, piv txwv li, lub cev thaj chaw ntawm ozone yog yus muaj los ntawm tej tsis. Nws - nws kuj yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj muaj ib lub tsw thiab saj, nws yuav tsaus ntuj nti-xiav tint, thiab cov khoom yuav dub nyob rau hauv lub kua hauv lub xeev. ozone melting kub yog -192,7 degrees, thiab nws boils ntawm -111,9 ° C. Nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, muaj ib tug dielectric qhov ntawm 1.0019 (ntawm 0 ° C), thiab muaj ib tug ntom ntawm 0,002144 g / cm3 (nyob rau hauv 20 ° C).