Lub ntsiab ntaub ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv

Lub sij hawm "daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv" yog hais txog ib yam ntawm cov system ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev sis raug zoo ntawm lub siab dua cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws muaj ob hom ntawm lub: cov koom pheej thiab lub monarchy.

Lo lus "monarchy" yog ib yam uas Greek keeb kwm thiab lus txhais tau tias "lub hwj huam ntawm ib tug" (undivided). Rau daim ntawv no ntawm tsoom fwv yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm concentration (ib nrab los yog tag nrho) ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug neeg - lub taub hau ntawm lub teb chaws (Shah, tus huab tais, tus huab tais, tus huab tais, thiab lwm yam). Raws li txoj cai, lub hwj chim yog kis tau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system pub.

Rau cov tsis monarchy yus autocracy lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tswv xeev - lub xwb sovereign lub hwj chim, nws nyob ib leeg legislates, ua tau lub tsev hais plaub xaiv lub tsoom fwv. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws nws yog tau mus soj ntsuam ib daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv: lub tebchaws United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Brunei, Saudi Arabia.

Constitutional monarchy muaj ob peb lwm nta. Rau daim ntawv no ntawm tsoom fwv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tej yam kev txwv ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no txwv yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub Constitution. Tsim ib tug kev cai monarchy nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm bourgeois zej zog.

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev txwv ntawm lub hwj chim board txhais ob hom: dualistic thiab parliamentary.

Dual monarchy muab rau lub continuation ntawm tus thawj hwj chim ntawm tus huab tais. Lub taub hau ntawm lub teb chaws kuj tseem muaj feem rau txoj kev tsim tau ib cov tsoom fwv, lub xaus ntawm parliament thiab cov tsis pom zoo.

Rau lub parliamentary monarchy yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov kev sib cais ntawm powers. Tsoom fwv tsim yog vim cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ob tog (los yog los ntawm ob peb tog) feem ntau. Rau daim ntawv no ntawm tsoom fwv kuj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tsoom fwv lub luag hauj lwm yog tsis mus rau lub huab tais thiab Parliament.

Cov teb chaws nrog ib tug parliamentary monarchy yuav tsum xaiv lub tebchaws United Kingdom, Sweden, Nyiv, Spain thiab lwm tus neeg.

Republican daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv tsiag ntawv los ntawm elective tshooj. Lub sij hawm "koom pheej" lus kho raws li ib tug "pej xeem teeb meem". Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub xeev kev tswj system raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim ua hauj lwm pab neeg. Republican daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv twb tsim rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 5-4 centuries BC. e. nyob rau hauv Athens.

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov qauv ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev sis raug zoo ntawm ceg ntawm tsoom fwv, muaj peb hom ntawm tus koom pheej.

Ua ntej, thawj tswj hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv tsiag ntawv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus Thawj Tswj Hwm - yog ob lub taub hau thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeev, thiab nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau xws li ib tug ncej, raws li cov prime minister, yog tsis muab. Rau no system yog kuj tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev xaiv tsa ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm powers. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug tsoom fwv uas tsis yog lub luag hauj lwm mus rau lub Parliament. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm txhav board cim division ntawm lub hwj chim. Xws li ib tug system ntawm tsoom fwv tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Cov koom pheej zaum kuj yuav parliamentary. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Parliament muaj tag nrho cov zoo tshaj plaws hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Thawj Tswj Hwm li ib txwm nyob rau hauv tej yam muaj lub hwj chim purely leb thiab twb tsis muaj teeb meem loj cawv rau nom tswv lub neej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Parliament li raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg. Tsoom fwv yog tsim ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Coalition thiab feem ntau tog nyob rau hauv parliament.

Muaj kuj atypical ntaub ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Tej systems xws li cov monarchical, semi-parliamentary, semi-thawj tswj koom pheej, Republican monarchy.

Rau cov semi-thawj tswj system yus muaj los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si parliamentary thiab thawj tswj system ntawm tsoom fwv. Qhov no daim ntawv no yog tsim thiab zoo, muab hais tias lub parliamentary feem ntau thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev tuav ib tug nom tswv kev coj, es cov lus rov.