Lub ntsiab pob zeb-txoj kev minerals

Pob zeb-txoj kev minerals yog hu ua cov zaub mov, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb raws li lawv muaj tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm lub qhov. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub pob zeb-txoj kev minerals, muaj kuj yog ib tug muaj hnub nyoog. Lawv tshwm sim raws li impurities thiab tsis ua si xws li ib tug loj geological lub luag hauj lwm.

plagioclases

Plagioclase - lub feem ntau pob zeb-txoj kev minerals. Lawv yog ib tug sib tov ntawm anorthite thiab albite. Muaj ntau ntau ntau ntau yam ntawm plagioclase. Nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm anorthite paub lub ntsiab mineral.

Plagioclases instability txawv nrog rau kev hwm mus tshuaj weathering, vim hais tias cov uas lawv ua av nplaum tebchaw. Raws li rau qhov no feature lawv yog zoo li lub feldspars. Tej zaum lawv yuav siv raws li ib tug cladding thiab hniav khoom. Yuav luag txhua txhua lub pob zeb-txoj kev mineral plagioclase pab pawg neeg raws li nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab Ukraine.

nepheline

Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm aluminosilicate moj khaum xws li nepheline. Nws depleted silica. Tej pob zeb-txoj kev minerals yog ib feem ntawm lub igneous pob zeb, xws li nephelinites thiab nepheline syenite. Yooj yim yaig ntawm tus nto thiab hloov mus rau hauv kaolinite thiab theem nrab tsim ntawm sulphate los yog carbonate muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Ua ke nrog apatite nepheline pob zeb yuav tsim loj heev arrays yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau niaj hnub kev lag luam. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov iav, MAAs, alumina, silica, dej qab zib, ultramarine thiab m. P. Cov yooj yim pob zeb-txoj kev minerals tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Kola ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv Murmansk cheeb tsam.

Amphibole thiab pyroxene

Amphiboles, los yog kab xev silicates xws li hornblende, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb pob zeb-txoj kev tivthaiv nyob rau hauv igneous thiab metamorphic pob zeb. Nws txawv nta - siab zog thiab siab toughness. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, hornblende tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Urals.

Augite - ib lub pob zeb-txoj kev mineral pyroxene. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm magmatic pob zeb. Txheej augite tej zaum yuav sib txawv heev (los ntawm dub mus ntsuab). Qhov no pob zeb-txoj kev mineral ntawm lub pyroxene pab pawg neeg yog ib feem ntawm lub basalt, andesite, diabase, thiab ib co lwm yam pob zeb.

mica

Ib txhia ntawm cov silicates yog fawm kib, kuj los yog foliated qauv. Cov feem ntau xws minerals yog asbestos, talc, kaolinite, hydromica thiab mica (xws li muscovite thiab biotite).

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv lwm nta? Muscovite mica yog ib tug dawb, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv metamorphic thiab igneous pob zeb. Lub weathering nws yuav xoob. Muscovite yog siv raws li insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, nyob qhov twg lub mica hmoov yog kis los ntawm kev siv ib tug kis khoom. Muscovite ua nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia, nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab Ukraine.

Zoo li cov pob zeb-txoj kev minerals - biotite. Qhov no magnesian thiab ferruginous mica, xim av los yog dub. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm metamorphic thiab igneous pob zeb. Biotite ntaub ntawv granular thiab kuj txuam nrog. Nws yog ib tug mineral sib tsis ruaj tsis khov ua cim. Biotite tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam thiab cov Urals.

hydromicas

ib txhia txawm pob zeb-txoj kev minerals ntawm pob zeb - yog hydromica. Lawv feature - ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cations. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txawv los ntawm hydromica mica considerably siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv cov qauv, uas yog reflected nyob rau hauv lawv lub npe. Lawv pab mus rau tsim ntawm hydrothermal dab thiab weathered pob zeb.

Cov nqi tshaj plaws hydromica - vermiculite xim av los yog Golden xim av. Thaum rhuab, lub molecular ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntxhia dej vapor, expanding txheej nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua lattices, uas tsub kom nws ntim thiab ceev. Vermiculite yog nqi vim nws suab-absorbing thiab insulating qualities.

phyllosilicates

Minerals, asbestos, talc, montmorillonite thiab kaolinite yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm phyllosilicates. Yuav ua li cas yog lawv cov feature? talc tsim tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog kub lub ntsiab aluminosilicates thiab magnesium silicates. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hmoov daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm yas.

Zoo li ib co lwm yam pob zeb-txoj kev minerals, asbestos yog lub npe hu ua ntau tshaj ntawm cov hom. Nws yog ib tug neeg txom nyem neeg xyuas pib ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, txawv alkali-ntawv pov thawj thiab hluav taws resistant. Qhov loj tshaj tus nqi muaj chrysotile asbestos. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov carbonate pob zeb thiab olivine. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntev fiber asbestos yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tsheb qhov chaw thiab ib co fireproof fabrics.

Cov feem ntau mineral kaolinite av nplaum pob zeb yog suav hais tias. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub weathering ntawm mica thiab Feldspar, thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm siab stability. Qhov no mineral yog yus muaj los ntawm dawb, grayish los yog brownish xim. Kaolin txais av ya siv nyob rau hauv lub ceramics kev lag luam, qhov no raw khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm iav stoneware thiab iav. Vim lub thaj chaw ntawm nws mineral txoj kev, cov ntaub ntawv no yog yus muaj los ntawm plasticity.

Montmorillonite yog txawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects. Nws tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab nyob rau lub thaj chaw ntawm cov cua, xws li los ntawm nws cov dej ntsiab lus. Cov loj pob zeb-txoj kev minerals muaj mobile siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo, vim hais tias cov neeg uas xav swell raws li qhov kev sib cuag nrog dej.

Montmorillonite yog tsim nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob vim decomposition thiab tuff volcanic tshauv nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws kuj zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw weathered igneous pob zeb thiab yog resistant rau tshuaj weathering. Qhov no mineral yog qhia argillaceous pob zeb ntxiv adsorbability thiab o. Montmorillonite yog siv raws li ib tug emulsifier, muab tub lim, thiab brightener. Nws teb yog nyob rau hauv lub Crimea, lub Carpathians thiab lub Caucasus.

quartz

Mineral oxides - yog sib txuas ntawm cov hlau thiab oxygen. Feem ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog quartz. Qhov no mineral yog tsim los ntawm igneous dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sib sib zog nqus sab hauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb variations: raws li ib tug cristobalite, tridymite thiab ib tug-quartz. Qhov kawg ntawm cov kev hloov kho kawm zoo tshaj lwm leej lwm tus.

Silica yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb-txoj kev minerals ntawm igneous pob zeb (thiab sedimentary thiab metamorphic). Nws yog sib resistant. Quartz accumulates, txoj kev muaj zog sediments, sands thiab sandstones. Cov mineral yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ceramics thiab iav industries. Raws li ib tug natural pob zeb (sandstone thiab quartzite), nws yog nrov raws li ib tug kev tsim kho thiab lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas ntsib. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua khob iav, kho qhov muag kiag li lawm thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

carbonates

Lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pob zeb-txoj kev minerals - carbonates. Lawv yog lug siv ntsev ntawm carbonic acid. Carbonates yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov metamorphic thiab sedimentary pob zeb. Feem ntau hom ntawm lawv - magnesite, calcium thiab sodium. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj lawv ib tug neeg lub zog.

Calcite yog yus pluag solubility nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide nws yuav mus rau bicarbonate. Cov khoom no yog yaj nyob rau hauv ib puas lub sij hawm sai nyob rau hauv dej dua li ib txwm calcite. Qhov no mineral yog pom nyob rau hauv crystalline aggregates, speleothems thiab tuab deposits ntawm marble thiab limestone. Calcite yuav tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm sludge. Vim li cas rau nws cov tsos - lub deposition ntawm calcium carbonate rau hauv cov dej. Cov deposits yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Urals, Ukraine thiab Kaleria.

Magnesite yog zoo li Calcite nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab cov qauv, tab sis qhov yog ntau npaum li cas rarer. Yog vim li cas rau nws tsim yam. Magnesite yog tsim los ntawm lub weathering ntawm serpentinite thiab sis magnesian limestone thiab cov kev daws.

Sodium - ib tug dawb los yog kob uas mineral tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tuab thiab granular masses. Thaum rhuab, nws yaj. Sodium hydroxide tshuaj ua nyob rau hauv ntsev pas dej nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nyob rau hauv uas qhov tshaj yaj carbon dioxide. Qhov no mineral yog siv nyob rau hauv metallurgy thiab zus tau tej cov iav.

opal

Opal - coob leej ntau tus amorphous hydrated silica. Nws tsis thuam nyob rau hauv acids, tab sis yog soluble nyob rau hauv alkalis. Muaj ob peb yam kev mob ntawm nws kev kawm ntawv. Qhov no zoo nkaus li vim mineral deposition Geysers thiab kub lub ntsiab thiab weathered igneous pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim vim tsub zuj zuj ntawm metabolic khoom uas muaj sia nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Opals yog nrov khoom rau Jewelers.

Sulfates thiab sulfides

Minerals sulfates yog sulfuric acid ntsev, tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog tsis txaus ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw ua kiav txhab. Sulfates xws li gypsum thiab barite mirabilite yog siv rau kev tsim kho lub hom phiaj. Anhydrite yog ib tug khoom granular loj. Qhov no crystalline mineral nrog ib tug yam ntxwv whitish-xiav.

Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej nws tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov anhydrite thiab gypsum yuav composing impressive txuam nrog ntawm sawmills. Qhov no sulfate yog ib tug raug tshuaj lom neeg precipitate tsim raws li qhov kom qhuav seas. Gypsum thiab anhydrite yog siv raws li binders.

Heavy spar los yog barite yog ib tug tabular muaju muaj ib lub daim ntawv. Nws tsis nco lub X-rays, vim hais tias ntawm dab tsi yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tshwj xeeb qhob. Barite yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsis muaj dej los ntawm kub lub ntsiab.

Sulfides - ib tug leej faj compound nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab. Yuav kom qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog cinnabar. Qhov no mineral yog txuam nrog cov tub ntxhais volcanoes. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cinnabar yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov leeg thiab tsim ntawm deposits. Nws accumulates raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm alluvial tus kheej stability rau hauv av. Cinnabar ntawm mercury yog siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis thiab siv thiab ua cov xim tsev.