Igneous pob zeb

Rau hnub tim, lub magmatic pob zeb yog cov feem ntau hom, uas roos txog 65% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm cov kua magma thiab yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm nws cov crystallization.

Igneous pob zeb thiab cov mechanism ntawm lawv tsim

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas nyob rau hauv lub bowels ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog magma - ib tug khov yeeb tshuaj, uas muaj ib tug complex silicate ceg, enriched gases thiab dej vapors. qhov chaw molten magma kub tej zaum yuav 1200 degrees Celsius. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam geological dab (e.g., lub divergence ntawm tectonic phiaj, volcanic eruptions) txav molten magma mus rau qhov chaw.

Raws li cov kub sawv ntawm lub substance ntog magma - yog li ntawd muaj kev ntawm crystallization thiab tsim tshiab minerals. Feem ntau crystallized tshuaj nrog ib tug high school cov melting point - nws amphibole thiab pyroxene. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li ntev raws li tag nrho cov loj ntawm magma tsis tig mus rau hauv ib tug resistant pob zeb.

Igneous pob zeb thiab lawv cov qauv

Lub pob zeb yog distinguished los ntawm lawv cov qauv, uas yog feem ntau nyob rau ntawm cov kev ceev uas solidified magma. Yog hais tias lub yam khoom uas yog txias maj mam, nce los ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nws leads mus rau tsim ntawm loj muaju. Tab sis ceev ceev txias muaj cov lus rov nyhuv - lub me me muaju yog tsim.

Tab sis feem ntau sawv thiab cua txias magma yog mixed. Nyob ntawm seb qhov luaj li cas ntawm muaju, igneous pob zeb raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

• ravnozernistuyu muaj cov qauv - lawv muaj xws li muaju nrog rau kev hwm rau tib lub loj (e.g., plutonic);
• inequigranular muaj cov qauv - lawv muaj muaju ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Ib suam ntawm igneous pob zeb los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg thiab cua txias magma:

1. Khoom - yog tsim thaum magma yog nrum kwj nruam. Cov no hom li nram qab no hom:

• sib sib zog nqus - lub magma cools ntawm qhov tob. Cov no muaj xws diorite thiab granite;
• effusive - magma yog txias ntawm lub ntiaj teb (porphyrite, basalt).

2. Vulkanooblomochnye yug - lub npe nws tus kheej qhia yuav ua li cas lub magma los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv. Molten pob zeb erupted nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj txau thiab splashes, txias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Lawv yog:

• xoob pob zeb (xuab zeb thiab volcanic tshauv);
• cemented (e.g., volcanic tuff).

Igneous pob zeb thiab mineralogical muaj pes tsawg leeg

Rau hnub tim, muaj plaub lub ntsiab hom minerals. Zoo ib yam igneous pob zeb li ntawm lawv. Lawv yog:

• Quartz - ib tug mineral muaj crystalline silica. Qhov no opaque muaju nrog rau ib tug raug iav ci. Substance thev tej yam ntawm ib puag ncig thiab unaffected los ntawm acids (tsis suav hydrofluoric acid).
• Feldspar - ib tug loj pawg ntawm cov zaub mov, uas yog yus los txo (piv nrog quartz) hardness thiab zoo meej cleavage. Lawv pleev xim rau nyob kaj lug ntxoov txawv xim. Feldspars raug muab faib ua plagioclase thiab orthoclase. Cov zaub mov yog yooj yim weathered, xa mus rau av nplaum.
• Mica - mineral uas muaj zoo meej cleavage thiab tsawg hardness. Feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg - muscovite (pob tshab mica) thiab biotite (dub). Yog hais tias lub pob zeb no yog ua los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm mica, nws txhua yam khoom deteriorate ho.
• Pyroxene thiab amphibole - pob zeb-txoj kev minerals, uas muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Feem ntau, qhov no magnesium silicates los yog ob ntsev ntawm calcium thiab magnesium.

Igneous pob zeb yog sib txawv heev los ntawm sedimentary tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees: lawv tseem muaj li ntawm silicates los yog txhuas silicates.