Qhov twg muaj ib tug xwm zeem cia Kivach? Tsiaj txhu nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia Kivach

Nyob rau hauv 1931, peb txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug cia Kivach. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub eponymous tiaj dej tsaws tsag rushes down ledges. Neeg nyiam heev ntawm ecotourism yog feem ntau xav nyob rau hauv "cia Kivach qhov twg? ".

qhov chaw

Environmental scenic cheeb tsam them taiga dawb, them nrog tus mob rocky roob ranges, cov pas dej thiab marshes, dej Suna Indented siv. Vam hectares nrog tus khib los rau kev txuag, nyob rau hauv lub loj heev stretch ntawm Kondopoga cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia.

Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, kaum yim kilometers ntawm lub ntuj chaw ua si bordering lub zos Sopoha, yog lub nroog ntawm Kondopoga. Lub zeem cia stretches raws Central thiab Spasogubskomu forestry. Lub zos Kivach - lub ntsiab manor national park.

hauj lwm cia

Reserve stretches raws tus ntug ntawm ib tug ancient glacial hollows - synclinal quav ntawm lub pas dej Onega - nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhov twg zog ua hauj lwm rau nyem Quaternary glaciation. Lub teb uas lub zeem cia Kivatch prostrated, sawv cev raug taiga forests, swamps, pas dej, loj thiab me me.

Tawm ib indelible cim rau ib tug gigantic pas dej, uas tau absorbed qhuav dej dej khov. Nws yog ze li ntawm plaub txhiab xyoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj rau moraines thiab eskers, ridges. Nws tsis tas triturated pob zeb thiab xuab zeb, tig lawv mus rau hauv ib tug me me slurry. Lake tawm tshuav ib tug nplua nuj legacy nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Moraine ridges, tsis amenable mus plooj, sis tsis ncaj av nplaum qab. Nws yog raws li yog hais ua li khiav ri mus rau hauv ntau subsidiaries Ozerets, nyob rau hauv lub phiab - phiab.

Kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam underlain los ntawm cov pob zeb uas nws muaj hnub nyoog yog nce ob billion xyoo. Nyob rau thaj glacial nram hav cia mus flattened roob yog hom twg. Pob zeb Selga nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dome tsim nyob rau ntawd tus ledges. Vypahannoe Glaciers txaj los luj nrog tus siv lead ua laim ntoom them Moraine, tsim ntawm pob zeb tawg tsam.

Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab chaw tej yam ntuj tso cia Kivatch yog ib tug dawb, nyob rau hauv uas ob ncav us txog saw-eskers xuab zeb ridges. Sandy Ridge, ranked cleft disappearing glacier, tsim sediments nqa los ntawm cov haib ntws uas muaj zog taiga dej ntws.

marshes Kivach

Toj roob hauv pes xwm chaw ua si muaj xws li cov hav iav. Lawv receptacles twb heev heev hollows. Tsawg-dag marshy chaw, overgrown nrog cereals, grasses thiab wetland nroj tsuag, ua kua los ntawm nqhuab thiab nto runoff yog Iwj.

Kivach Reserve thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv bogs, uas pub xwb nag lossis daus. Lawv yog kiag li nruj dome tsim sphagnum mosses, interspersed nrog Cassandra thiab cov tsiaj qus rosemary. Marshes yog li txawv uas lub sij hawm ntawm kev nrhiav ob zoo tib yam, zoo ib yam li cov menyuam ntxaib, pas dej, tsis muaj. Lub neej cov ntaub ntawv thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm txhua cim swampy cheeb tsam.

forestry

Lub glacier tau xwb, tawm hauv av devoid ntawm av. Saum toj no surly xuab zeb thiab av nplaum av, striated canaliculate nrog ntws tau hais khov kho towered haib pob zeb. Nws yog qhov no heev yuav shape tshiab khiv tawm ecosystem, sai occupying cov muaj daim ntawm qhov chaw.

Climatic tej yam kev mob thiab cov av, zoo devoid ntawm humus, txwv dominance ntawm nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv nruab nrab taiga. Kivach Reserve tau ua lub nceeg vaj ntawm conifers. Raws li elevations yeej los ntawm ntoo thuv, spruce mastered rau lub chaw siab tshaj, hollows zoo cov pas dej thiab marshy lowlands. pob zeb kab los sib ntsib veiled pineries-belomoshnikami, av cover nyob rau hauv uas yog tsim nyob rau Lichens, mosses, heather thiab evergreen cowberry. Swampy chaw nruj stunted pines.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kab tsim bilberry-ntsuab ntxhuab biocenoses. Spruce kis mus rau qhov chaw ntawm av nplaum. Lawv "khiav mus" rau hauv lub toj, txoj kev ua ib tug ntoo thuv-fir stands. Spruce dominates nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm lub zeem cia, raws li lub lowlands thiab ravines, tau txais nyob rau nrog ib tug txhais Alder, meadowsweet thiab mosses, Russell tshaj pob. Feem ntau conifers dilutes tsob ntoo zaub ntawm birch thiab Aspen. Nyob rau hauv mixed forests loj hlob tsawg rau South Karelian av ntoo - lindens thiab elms.

muaj zeem cia

Kivach nroj tsuag yog heev nplua nuj. Nyob rau nws qhib tej qhov chaw pom lub tsev hais txog 600 hom nroj tsuag. Nws tsawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm arctic-alpine relics, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov post-glacial. Nws sheltered nemoral Asherah "txawv teb chaws."

Raws li nws, ib tug ntau ntawm raug taiga cov txiv neej crumbled thiab tiaj nyom nroj tsuag. Cov kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam yog xaiv los ntawm tsawg hom, twb ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv. Part Sopohskogo boron tsim ancient ntoo, nyob rau peb thiab ib nrab caug xyoo.

Lub fauna ntawm Kivach

Tiv thaiv daim av - ib qho zoo tagnrho arena rau lub neej ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj. Lub Kivach nyob suav tsis tau invertebrates pab tub rog. Lawv ua ciaj sia thiab tuag nroj tsuag, xa cov av Cheebtsam tsim nyog rau lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tej ntoo. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub countless hordes ntawm "neeg tsis noj nqaij" thiab ces muaj ib tug tom carnivorous invertebrates - kab laug sab, kab thiab Hymenoptera.

Terrestrial vertebrates yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv no kev txuag cheeb tsam amphibians, cov tsiaj reptiles, cov noog thiab cov tsiaj. Lawv vam mus rau lub cheeb tsam los ntawm thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Kivach - Xwm Reserve, uas tau tsim ib qho zoo kawg tsiaj biocenoses - yog nws. Ntawm no, sab los ntawm sab nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm boreal noog los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb latitudes.

Tej lub sij hawm tom hav zoov Lemmings cheeb tsam expands heev npaum li cas hais tias nws tsis pom qhov tseem ceeb heev kev ua si ntawm lub taiga nas yuav tsis yooj yim. Nyob ntawm no raug Siberian taiga cov txiv neej - peb hom ntawm shrews thiab voles liab. Thaum mus yuam kev no thiab tswm cia tsiaj nrog rau sab qaum teb ciam ntawm cov hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam thiab yav qab teb hav zoov. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm birch nas thiab nas-me ntsis sawv daws yuav.

Cov kev tom qab ntawm fauna tsim ntau hom: gray qav, woodpeckers, luav, bears, mos lwj, lynx, hma thiab lwm yam tsiaj. Ntawm ib sab lawv tau nyob rau hauv "northerners" - wolverines, cuckoos thiab shrews, "southerners" - mos lwj, cov tsiaj qus boars thiab cov Orioles.

Nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia tseem muaj acclimatized neeg. Muskrat thiab cov Canadian tus ntshuab tsawm rau lub reservoirs. Muaj nooks rau mab dev thiab American mink. Nrhiav ib qho chaw rau lawv zes Peregrine falcons.

Lub Kivach tswm 216 hom noog. Nws cov qhua los ua corncrake thiab turtledoves. Zes nyob rau hauv lub boreal hav zoov sawv nightingales thiab Orioles. Hoopoe thiab kozodoi tswm nyob rau hauv nooks. Tej zaum zes daj-cov nqi loon, us piskulki. Qee zaus ruam rau cov dej saum npoo ntawm cov pas dej dawb os dej dawb. Tej zaum hnov lub hooting ntawm lub plas. Muaj li qub golden dav dawb hau thiab dawb-tailed eagles.

dej tsaws tsag Kivach

Ledges txim picturesque dej tsaws tsag Kivach tsim nyob rau hauv tus dej Suna. Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus dej tsaws tsag Finnish keeb kwm. Lub Finns hu ua nws tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj "Kivach", uas yog, sai los yog haib. Tus thawj mention ntawm cov dej lub cev yog sau hnub tim 1566 xyoo. Qhov kev piav qhia ntawm nws sau nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv.

Tsis deb ntawm tus dej tsaws tsag ncaav chaw nres tsheb, ib tug souvenir khw thiab ib tug café, qhov twg cov qhua yog pampered Finnish-Karelian pastries thiab cov tais diav siav nyob rau hauv cov ncaig. Nyob ze yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej nrog nthuav teev cia thiab Arboretum - tsev ntawm txawv cov nroj tsuag thiab birchwood.

Cim xwm zeem cia Kivach, ib daim ntawv qhia uas qhia lub caij nyoog tseem khiav, muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm excursions. Xwm ke npog tag nrho cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws chaw tiaj ua si Natural. Nkag nqi tswvcuab nrog ib tug dej tsaws tsag, dendrokollektsiey, xwm tsev cia puav pheej thiab lwm yam attractions.