Lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab actress Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fodorovna: biography, tus kheej lub neej, theatrical lub luag hauj lwm

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna - ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab actress muaj hnub nyoog 19-20, uas nws ua hauj lwm tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm theatrical kos duab. Nws lub neej luv luv, tab sis khaus heev thiab kaj. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm nws cov phenomena cov kev kawm uas muaj ntau phau ntawv, cov khoom thiab cov dissertations. Muaj Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (St. Petersburg), nws tau tshwm sim paj huam sau kwv huam hais txog nws lub neej cia. Nws tseem yog ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab, txawm tom qab ntau tshaj 100 xyoo tom qab tus ntsoos ntsoos.

Cov niam txiv thiab thaum ntxov xyoo

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna yug Kaum ib hlis 8, 1864 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws niam - Maria Nikolaevna, tus ntxhais ntawm lub commander ntawm lub Preobrazhensky tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, thiab nws tus txiv - ib tug naas ej opera singer nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv ltalis, ces rov qab mus rau Russia. Cov niam txiv Vera tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv pub leejtwg, nws yog ib tug loj dab neeg nyob rau hauv lub zos. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub txiv ntawm Maria Nikolaevna txais nws. Qhov ob peb tau yug los yuav luag sib law liag peb cov ntxhais. Txoj kev ntseeg thiab cov muam loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug artistic cua nyob rau hauv lub tsev muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov lam, ntxias, musicians. Cov txiv yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Mussorgsky. Txoj kev ntseeg yog feem ntau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsev qhia tau hais tias thiab concerts. Nws muaj ib tug zoo lub suab, thiab nws tus txiv tau vam hais tias nws yuav los ua ib tug singer. Vera mus los ntawm ib tug ob peb lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis hom nyob rau hauv cov xwm tsis pub nws mus kawm ntawv nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv hnub kawg, tus txiv coj nws mus rau kawm nyob rau hauv tsev.

Hais tias tag nrho hloov thaum nws txiv tuag Marya Nikolaevna, nws tau txais ib tug qub txeeg qub teg yuav ib txeeg qub tes nyob ze Wilno thiab muab nws hlob tus ntxhais mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub prestigious Vera lub koom haum rau Noble Maidens. Nws tus txiv nyob hauv St. Petersburg, txuas ntxiv mus hu nkauj thiab tsis yig mus pib ib lub tshiab romance. Marya Nikolaevna coj liam rau cov kev sib nrauj nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej thiab tau them cov nqi, muag cov qub txeeg qub tes. Cov seem ntawm nws lub neej nws coj tus txom nyem heev lub neej. Vera niam ntxias hais tias lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug poj niam - ib tug txiv thiab cov me nyuam. Yog li ntawd thaum nws lub neej rhuav li, nws twb tawg rau ib tug lub neej.

hu

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna yeej ib txwm tau nyob ze rau nws tus txiv, nrog rau nws, lawv tau txhua xeem neeg dab, tab sis thaum cov niam txiv sib cais, nws nyob nrog nws niam, raws li cov txiv sai sai remarried. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhawb nws niam thiab cov muam, Vera yuav tsum tau sib yuav, thiab nws txais lub tswv yim ntawm Count Vladimir Muraviev. Tab sis nws yog tam sim ntawd tseeb hais tias cov sib yuav tsis. Ntsaum nyiam haus dej haus, yuav nyob rau hauv lub overheated lub xeev los mus nce ib txhais tes rau nws tus poj niam. Thiab ces tag muaj ib qho yi nrog nws tus niam hluas txoj kev ntseeg - Cia Siab. Qhov no muab ob npaug rau txoj xav tsis thoob thaum aspiring actress. Nws thiab nws niam, coj lub liam rau cov kev sib nrauj yog tshaj thiab txawm tau txais mus rau hauv ib tug puas siab ntsws hauv tsev kho mob. Nws yog qhov no raug kev txom nyem tau coj mus rau lub fact tias nws qhib nrog zoo quab yuam txuj ci ua txoj actress. Cov kws kho mob xav qhia rau nws kom nrhiav tau ib co tshaj plaws los cuam tshuam kev xav. Thiab nws pib coj sawv qhia los ntawm ib tug actor ntawm Alexandrinsky Vladimir Davydov. Nws pom nyob rau hauv nws ib tug ntau ntawm txuj ci thiab qhia rau npe nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis lub neej yuav txiav txim siab txawv.

pib ntawm txoj kev

Nyob rau hauv 1890, kev ntseeg tus txiv ncaim nrog nws ob tus poj niam thiab nws tus ntxhais tsiv nyob rau hauv nrog nws. Txoj kev ntseeg deals nrog ib tug ntau ntawm guitar, pab nws cov txiv nrog rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv. Thaum ib tug thwjtim los ntawm lub npe ntawm Stanislavsky hais kom nws pab nws nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub mus yos hav zoov Lodge, qhov twg actress yog mob. Yog li ntawd Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna thawj teem ko taw nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag ua yeeb yam nyob ntev. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov kws kho mob pom nws muaj ib tug kab mob ntawm lub caj pas, nws yog tus kawg straw rau nws kev txiav txim siab los ua ib tug actress. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Betsy nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si "Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Enlightenment" nyob rau hauv lub "Society of Art thiab Literature" nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv uas nws ua hauj lwm FP Komissarzhevsky. Lub caij ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Stanislavsky yog ib tug zoo lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ib txoj kev kuaj rau lub aspiring actress. Tsis ntev, qhov "Company" tau ceased mus rau theem ua yeeb yam vim hais tias ntawm cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem. Tab sis Komissarzhevskaya tau pom nws txoj kev. Nws pom ib tug ua tau zoo P. Kisielewski - ib tug actor, ib tug phooj ywg ntawm nws txiv. Nws caw nws mus ua si lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Kuskovo nyob rau hauv ob ua yeeb yam, nws brilliantly coped nrog daim ntawv thov.

Novocherkassk

Nyob rau hauv 1893, Vera kos npe nws thawj daim ntawv cog lus rau lub artistic chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub entreprise N. Sinelnikova Novocherkassk. Txoj kev ntseeg yuav pab Kiselevsky siab, tab sis narrowly soj ntsuam cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov actress. Nws ntseeg tias nws tus destiny - comedy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tsis ua rau nws los ntawm cov loj cov kev npaj, raws li tau leej twg, hais tias nws tsuas yog rau ib txhia lub sij hawm los hloov lub ailing actress. Cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub entreprise yog hellishly nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv thawj tsib lub hlis nws tau mus ua si 58 cwj pwm. Qhov no yog txawm lub fact tias nws muaj tsis muaj kev paub, thiab txhua tus lub luag hauj lwm yuav tsum tau kawm thiab thiaj. Ib tug Komissarzhevskaya tseem muaj kev tswj kom kawm tau los ntawm lug txhawb cov miv ua ib tug chaw muag mis nyuj tswvyim ntawm lawv cov kev ua si thiab ntsia mus rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam. Tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau ua si ob qhia tau hais tias ib hnub twg, rau lub ntuj yuav tsum tau kawm lub luag hauj lwm. Tav su rehearsals, yav tsaus ntuj - ib tug kev ua si nyob rau theem. Qhov no threading lag luam tsis muab kev ywj pheej rau creativity thiab nrhiav ntawm nws txoj kev, tab sis muab qhov kev ua si yog ib qho txuj nyob rau theem, pab rau noog kev. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no nws ntaus lub feem ntau tsis tseem ceeb txaus, tas vodevilchiki, uas tau muab tso rau cov theem thiab tsis xav tias yuav qhov tob ntawm ua txoj yaam puab paub. Tab sis Vera kho lawv nrog cov utmost seriousness, kho txhua raws li ib qho tseem ceeb zaj lus qhia. Nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau koj costume, ua-up artist, thiab txawm tus thawj coj. Tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm tsis mus unnoticed, thiab cov thuam pib noj peb caug nws ua si, thaum xub thawj nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lo lus, ces nyob rau hauv tag nrho paragraphs. Nws nplua nuj loj hlob nrog rau cov kev txawj.

Rau lub xyoo Komissarzhevskaya tau to taub ib tug me ntsis ntawm kev cog qoob loo, tau muab tricks thiab pib xav txog ntau yam ntxiv. Nws yog lig dhau lawm rau pib ib txoj hauj lwm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 29, thiab pib maj kom paub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws nyeem ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem loj ua yeeb yam thiab kev npau suav ntawm no ua hauj lwm. Entreprise ntau nyob rau pej xeem saj, thiab lawv heev lowly, lub Cossacks tsis xav kom cov ua yeeb yam ntawm loj rog xav txog, tiam sis tsuas yog Lom Zem. Tab sis lub ua yeeb yam Sinelnikov, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom, tseem puav dared rau loj productions, piv txwv li, "Woe los ntawm wit" thiab "Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Enlightenment".

Rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm tus actress muaj peev xwm los qhia tawm, tab sis nws tsis tau ntxiv rau nws lug txhawb cov miv kev hlub. Kev sib txuas lus nrog rau nws tus yog tsis yooj yim, vim hais tias nws yog heev xav tau thiab rau lawv tus kheej thiab rau lwm tus neeg. Lub caij no yog tshaj, tab sis tsis tau txais cov kev tsim Komissarzhevskaya tswv yim mus cuag daim ntawv cog lus. Lub troupe rov qab bolevshaya Medvedev, Kisielewski pom tias Vera tsis xav khom rau lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv vaudeville, thiab poob kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws, lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau theem khib nws, thiab tsis to taub nws. Tag nrho nws coj mus rau lub fact tias Komissarzhevskaya yuav tsum tau tawm entreprise Sinelnikov.

ncig saib

Tag nrho cov actresses ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm kom lawv cov nyiaj txiag txoj hauj lwm muab kev koom tes nrog rau cov repertory. Nyob Ruaj Ruaj theaters tau ob peb, mas nyob rau hauv loj lub zos. Yog li ntawd ncig teb chaws troupes muaj ib tug heev ob peb. Tawm Novocherkassk, Vera Komissarzhevskaya nyob rau caw ntawm lub Tiflis artistic zej zog mus nrog lawv nyob ncig saib. Ntawm no nws yog tau mus ua si 12 tus cwj pwm, cov uas lub "tomboy" comedy, "loj nyiaj" thiab lwm tus neeg. Critics thiab cov pej xeem zoo actress noj txawm nws tus txiv qhuas nws ua si. Txawm tias txoj kev vam meej, cov heev txoj kev ntseeg tsis yog txog rau thaum xaus ntawm ib tug zoo siab, nws tseem ua npau suav ntawm ib tug ntau loj repertoire. Qhov no tsis muaj kev cog qoob loo tiv thaiv Komissarzhevskaya nrhiav tau ib tug zoo kev koom tes. Tom qab ib tug saib nyob rau hauv Tbilisi, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm nrhiav ua hauj lwm, tab sis lub koom haum yog ntshai mus saib nrog kev tu siab yuav ua li cas lub troupe sau thiab tawm, tab sis nws tseem tsis ua hauj lwm. Mam li nco dheev Tiflis colleague caw nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv cov ncig saib nyob rau hauv Ozerki thiab Oranienbaum. Qhov no entreprise differed loj repertoire, uas yog heev qab ntxiag mus rau txoj kev ntseeg. Ntawm no nws yog tau mus ua si rau 3 lub hlis 14 tshiab cwj pwm nyob rau hauv xws plays li "intrigue thiab Kev Hlub" Schiller, "Vasilisa Melentyeva" IB TUG Ostrovsky, "steppe hero" IA Salov.

Nws zoo heev hnov hais tias cov paub tseeb hais tias caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau Alexandrinsky Theatre. Tab sis nws dua ntshai ntawm lawv inexperience, txiav txim siab los txais lub caw los ntawm lub repertory Nezlobin nyob rau hauv Vilna. Cov neeg tuaj saib thiab repertoire ntawm lub troupe tau ntau npaum li cas loj tag nrho cov yav tas los sawv daws yuav, nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm Komissarzhevskaya. Ntawm no rau 2 xyoo nws tau ua si 60 tus cwj pwm, cov uas twb muaj unmistakable koob hmoov: Larissa nyob rau hauv "Bride" IB TUG Ostrovsky, Sophia nyob rau hauv "Woe los ntawm wit" A. Griboyedov, Louise "intrigue thiab Kev Hlub" Schiller. Ntawm no nws ua si txaus siab rau lub Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Brushtein. Nyob rau hauv Nezlobin Komissarzhevskaya siab tsim thiab pom hais tias nws nws ua txoj txuj ci, uas txog thaum ces nws twb tsis kam muab los ntawm ib co critics, thiab nws innovation. Tab sis nws tsis tau zoo npaum li cas tus thawj coj, leej twg yuav muaj peev xwm los tswj nws ua si.

Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv 1896, nws yog tus heev thaum pib mus thab kuv thaum no theem ntawm lub Alexandrinsky Theatre. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub petitioner nws tsis nyiam, nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab xav txog cov kev ua si rau debut. Tag nrho cov no rau ib tug 32-xyoo-laus actress twb tsis yooj yim. Tab sis nws ntse ua si rau cov debut ua si "Npauj Npaim Tub" thiab mas qhuas los ntawm critics. Tus actress coj mus rau theem ib tug tshiab style ntawm ua yeeb yam, ua nyob rau hauv lub puab kev. Rau rau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Alexandrinsky Komissarzhevskaya si lawv zoo tshaj plaws luag hauj lwm, ua nws nto moo thiab cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam: nws Larissa nyob rau hauv "Bride", Nina Zarechnaya nyob rau hauv "Lub Seagull", Desdemona nyob rau hauv "Othello", Marikka nyob rau hauv "Teeb midsummer" Margarita " Faust. " Cov kev ua si "Lub Seagull" heev heev nyob ntawm Chekhov, uas mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub hnub ntseeg hais tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws embodiment ntawm nws cov sau phau ntawv lub tswv yim. Nws muaj ib tug ntev xov xwm nrog cov actress, thiab ua ke lawv tau sib tham txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab puas siab puas ntsws ua yeeb yam. Cov kev ua si "Lub Seagull" tsis yog txais los ntawm cov pej xeem thiab critics, qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm yog ib tug lossis loj tshuab mus rau lub playwright thiab actress.

Nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, Vera pom ib tug khub - tus thawj coj EP Karpov, uas lawv twb tsis nyiam-minded, tab sis kuj ua rau lawv txoj kev mus rau ib tug tshiab theem ua ke mus nrhiav txoj cai txoj kev. Los ntawm no kev sib koom tes, cov actress pom tau hais zoo npaum li cas ib tug thawj coj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hmoo ntawm lub lam. Qhov no kev koom tes Vera muaj peev xwm to taub nws views on kos duab, uas coj nws mus nrhiav ib tug tshiab txoj kev.

Cov nrhiav rau ib tug tshiab ua yeeb yam

Actress xav hnov rau lub tshiab ua yeeb yam, lub tswv yim ib zaug thaum nws ntes tau los ntawm Stanislavsky thiab cherished npau suav ntawm nws tus kheej ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav tsum siab pom tau hais. Alexandrinsky Theatre yuam rau nws ntau dhau lawm txwv no muaj ib tug conservative txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hmoov lossi muaj ib lub ntsiab txoj kev, cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib tug tshiab ua yeeb yam. Actor ua yeeb yam Komissarzhevskaya ua rau psychologism, thiab Alexandrinsky nws tau raug hais kom feem ntau lwm ces, tsis muaj ntsw mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov ua cim. Nws xav tias nkim koj lub sij hawm, hais tias nws ua hauj lwm rau lub Imperial theem ua nws tsis pom qhov twg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1902, nws txiav txim siab mus rau tawm hauv Alexandrinsky. Nyiaj rau nws tus kheej ua yeeb yam nws tsis muaj, thiab thiaj li nws yuav tsum tau mus rau ib tug ntev ncig saib, nws toured yuav luag tag nrho cov tshaj lub teb chaws, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Yalta, Kiev, Siberia, Kharkiv. Tab sis lub repertoire yog ib tug tsis muaj zog, uas tsis muaj-zoo cov kev taw qhia. Nws xav tau ib tug thawj coj, thiab nws pom nws nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm VE Meyerhold.

tus kheej ua yeeb yam

Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya nyob officially nyob rau hauv 1904, nws yuav siv sij hawm tawm tsev rau nws. Tab sis cov tsis muaj nyiaj ua rau nws mus tam sim ntawd mus nyob ncig saib thiab 2, nws mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, busking thiab ua si nyob rau hauv lub thib ob-class ua yeeb yam rau pej xeem noj. Heroic dag zog thiab kev pab los ntawm like-minded neeg tau raug sau nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 70 txhiab rubles, thiab Komissarzhevskaya thaum kawg pib tsim nyob ruaj ruaj repertory ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws lub hom phiaj - tshiab artistic ideology, "lub tsev ua yeeb ntawm tus ntsuj plig", rau qhov nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb repertoire thiab troupe. Komissarzhevskaya nyeem ib great tooj ntawm niaj hnub ua, nws xaiv rau nws ua yeeb yam ntawm Ibsen, Chekhov, Gorky. Tus theatre troupe ua los ntawm like-minded cov neeg uas xav xav kom qhia lub ntiaj teb no ib tug tshiab foundations on yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1906 Meyrehold pom zoo mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, nws txo nws hwj 13 nrug, ntawm lawv lub tshiab version ntawm cov kev ua si "Hedda Gabler," "Puppet Show", "Lub neej ntawm tug txiv neej." Tab sis txoj kev sib raug ntawm cov actress thiab tus thawj coj raug tsim yog heev yooj yim, rau ib tug tag nrho flops nrog ua yeeb yam ua rau rupture. Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya ambiguously yuav siv sij hawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm no cov scandals tshwm sim. Tab sis nws yog tej yam ntuj tso los ntawm cov revolutionary kev ua ntawm lub tuam txhab. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws ua yeeb yam, Vera tau mus fim to taub yuam kev, ntxeev siab, nrog failures, tab sis kuj nrog zoo zoo.

zoo tshaj plaws luag hauj lwm

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, lub luag hauj lwm uas yog tseem piv txwv ntawm cov puas siab puas ntsws hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thaum lub sij hawm nws heyday ua si ib tug ntau ntawm ci ntsa iab, lub cim. Nws style ntawm kev ua si yog heev haum rau lub realization ntawm Chekhov tus heroines. Yog li ntawd, nws Sonya los ntawm "txiv ntxawm Vanya," Sasha ntawm "Ivanov" thiab Nina Zarechnaya nyob rau hauv "Lub Seagull" yog ib tug yuav luag tsis paub txiav txim zoo ntawm chav xwm. Komissarzhevskaya to taub tus neeg sau txoj kev npaj, nws xav nws artistic lub tswv yim. Thiab txawm lub fact tias muaj ntau viewers tsis txais xws li ib tug txhais lus, lub playwright nws tus kheej pom tau hais tias nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txhais.

Nws kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov koj cwj pwm xws li nws Komissarzhevskaya Larissa los ntawm "Bride" los ntawm A. Ostrovsky, Natasha Bobrova los ntawm "Magic Tales" Potapenko, Nora nyob rau hauv "A menyuam roj hmab lub tsev" los ntawm Ibsen, Varvara nyob rau hauv Gorky lub "lub caij ntuj sov neeg nyob". Nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, nws pom nws tus kheej los txhais, nws yuav pom cov grain ntawm lub luag hauj lwm thiab kev lub deepest txoj kev xav ntawm cov ua cim.

Chim siab nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv 1908, lub yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, twb paub li Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (St. Petersburg), ua rau ib tug saib nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, nyob qhov twg Vera tau txais tsis tshua muaj neeg laudatory xyuas. Nws yog hu ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj actresses ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tab sis lub Komissarzhevskaya muaj iab chim siab ntawm nws ua yeeb yam. Ua hauj lwm nrog symbolist Meyerhold actress tua nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj, nws tsis xav tias nws txuj ci cog noob. Txoj kev ntseeg pom tau hais tias cov kev npaj yuav luag yeej tsis pom tau hais nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, cov lam thiab cov directors tsis to taub txhua lwm yam, kev paub qhia lo misconstrue lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tshiab ua yeeb yam. Txhua tshiab ua si Komissarzhevskaya zoo li ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1909, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug heev yooj yim kev txiav txim siab mus rau tawm hauv ua yeeb yam.

tshiab kev cia siab

Komissarzhevskaya actress zoo kawg txuj ci, kev npau suav ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj, puas siab puas ntsws ua yeeb yam, kuv pom tau hais tias cov nraug seev, coj mus nyob rau hauv lub qub kev cai, koj yuav tsis tau ua dab tsi. Thiab nws muaj lub tswv yim mus qhib ib tug ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus kawm ntawv rau hauv lub lam ntawm tus tshiab tsim. Nws npaj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov zaj lus qhia ntawm nws tus txiv, uas yog ib tug zoo xib fwb thiab ib tug theatrical kev Stanislavsky, uas tsim nws system ntawm artistic ua si. Nws xav qhia cov kuv tus kheej qhia nws kev tau nrog xws li teeb meem, thiab kuj caw lawv cov phooj ywg ntawm muaj koob lam thiab directors, raws li nws xav kom koj hu rau A. Dawb, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Ivanova qhia kev kawm, expanding horizons. Inspired los ntawm tswv yim tshiab thiab kev cia siab, Komissarzhevskaya xa mus rau qhov kawg ncig ntawm Siberia nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej.

tus kheej

Vera Komissarzhevskaya, biography yog li ntawd luv luv thiab thiaj li sau cov yeeb yam, tsis tau twv kom yuav ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm. Ntau dhau lawm ntawm ib lub tshuab rau nws tus thawj tus txiv, Vladimirom Muravevym. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1887, thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob nyob rau hauv Lipetsk, nws tau ntsib nrog Sergei Ziloti, ib tug tub ceev xwm, ib tug heev kawm ntawv tus txiv neej, lover ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv ntxiv li heev sov kev sib raug zoo, Sergei txawm theem txoj kev ntseeg mus rau lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm nws niam nws txiv, thiab yog zoo li ib tug nkauj nyab. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev no Komissarzhevskaya yeej ib txwm tau heev sov thiab xis. Tag nrho nws lub neej nws yog cov phooj ywg nrog rau tag nrho tsev neeg Ziloti feem ntau mus xyuas lawv Znamenka. Tab sis yuav Sergei tsis tuaj tawm.

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, uas nws tus kheej lub neej yog ua txoj, ib tug ntau lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab rau tej kev kawm rau cov theem thiab hais tias yog txaus rau nws. Contemporaries tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Chekhov, tab sis tsis tau twv kom qhia nws no. Txawm hais tias nws yog tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws lub peev xwm ua yeeb yam, tsis yog ib tug poj niam. Nws muaj ib tug ob peb novels nrog tus thawj coj EP Karpov, tus tub hluas actor NP Roshchin-Insarov, nrog rau cov diplomat SS Tatishchev, ib tug kws sau paj lug Bryusov, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv tig mus rau hauv ib tug sib yuav, vim hais tias cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws lub neej yeej ib txwm nyob ib yeeb yam.

kho mob

Ncig saib ntawm Siberia thiab Far East ntau Komissarzhevskaya nkees, nws tsis yws hlo li rau tus kws kho mob rau qhov mob nyob rau hauv lub pob ntseg. Cov kev xav yog tsis tau tso cai rau cov pw tsaug zog, nws yog txhua txhua hnub muaj zuj zus. Caw rau nws tus kws kho mob pom tias nws tsuas kho mob - craniotomy. Malaise tsis dhau, thiab thaum twg nws yog nyob rau hauv Tashkent, ob peb lam ntawm lub troupe poob mob nrog smallpox, lub xeev ntawm Vera Feodorovna kuj qub, nws muab tawm hais tias nws, dhau lawm, smallpox. Nws mob yog unbearable, 27 Lub ib hlis ntuj nws poob nco qab. Ua qog them nws lub cev, tus mob tsuas intensified. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub ob hlis ntuj, lub actress muaj ib tug AP Chekhov, nws ntshai nws raws li ib tug zoo kos npe rau. Tab sis tus mob tau qub ho nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub, tuaj Lub ob hlis ntuj 23 plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab kuj zoo kawg Komissarzhevskaya tuag. Raws li nws siab nyiam nyob rau hauv thawj teev tom qab nws tuag cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hmoov ntawd puas tawm ntawm nws lub hleb. Nws hais kom kuv faus nws nrog nws lub ntsej muag them, yog li ntawd cov neeg tsis pom nws raws li ib tug kab mob plhu puas tag. Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna (1864-1910) raug faus rau ntawm lub Tikhvin Tojntxas nyob hauv Saint Petersburg.

nco

Tu loj tshaj actress los ua ib tug tiag tiag kev poob siab rau Russia tsuas yog tom qab lub poob ntawm ib tug Sudden pom tau hais zoo kawg tus nqi ntawm nws cov artistic txoj kev thiab tus nqi ntawm cov txuj ci. Nco Komissarzhevskaya tseem lub teb chaws yog muab khaws cia tseg. Tsev ua yeeb yam Komissarzhevskaya (Novocherkassk) tau hais khov kho ntaqwm lub hnub thaum muaj ci no actress. Raws li zoo li ib tug yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Ussuriysk. Tus taw tes ntawm nws lub neej - Drama Komissarzhevskaya Theatre nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws yog lub npe hu thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Txoj kev Komissarzhevskaya muaj nyob rau hauv Tyumen, Donetsk thiab Voronezh. Nws cov duab twb ntes nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kwv huam los ntawm Alexander BLOK thiab Bryusov. Nws txuj ci tau tshwm sim rau hauv cov creation ntawm cov suab paj nruag, yog li Knaifel A. sau tau ib daim rau txoj hlua seev "Kev ntseeg", P. Gapon sau nws nco waltz "tawg hlua." Nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm nplooj siab zoo zaj duab xis "Kuv - ib tug actress," Viktor Sokolov. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev ntseeg ua admirably actress Natalia Saiko. Tus thawj coj tsis xav kom muab ib tug sib lawv liag daim duab, nws xaiv ib lub qauv - tau tsim ib zaj duab xis ntawm cais, ncaj zajlus lub sijhawm uas nws hais tias qhia qhov sib txawv kev seevcev ntawm no: xwm ntawm lub actress. Tus zaj duab xis qhia tau hais tias cov txom nyem ntawm lub neej, nyob rau hauv uas tus nqi ntawm txuj ci zoo thiab tus kheej kev zoo siab.