Leej twg sau tau "Taras Bulba"? Keeb kwm ntawm lub phau ntawv

Txhua tus neeg uas yog nyob rau hauv high school, rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg sau tau "Taras Bulba", tsis tshwm sim. Khiav ntawm no qhov teeb meem, raws li nrauv kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, muaj yog, los ntawm lub qib xya. Nws scrutinize no heroic epic, cov txheej xwm uas nws nyiam rau Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol tau ua originating nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua, kev sau ntawv thiab critics rau lub me me lus, xws li Taras Bulba pa luam yeeb muaj xws li mus rau lub XVII xyoo pua.

Tsis meej pem thiab kev ntxhov siab vim

Sau thiab luam tawm tsab ib tug "Dikanka", thiab N. V. Gogol pib painfully xav txog nws lub neej tom ntej txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws muaj ib tug zoo nkaus li ntawm dissatisfaction sau. Nws yog acutely paub hais tias lub qhov ntawm yeej muaj tseeb daim duab yog lub neej tiag tiag. Pib los ntawm Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833, Gogol xav sau tej hauj lwm uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev kawm lub sij hawm. Tsis muaj leej twg heev heev designs uas nws tsis tau coj mus rau qhov kawg: nws tau pib ib lub heev, tearing, hlawv. Nws yog kev txom nyem thiab xav phem cais tsis, kev txhawj xeeb thiab acutely mob kev txhawj xeeb: yuav ua li cas loj nws yog npaj mus ua hauj lwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab ces nyob rau hauv 1834 nws tau los ua ib tug tig taw tes rau Nikolai, thaum nws ua tiav ua hauj lwm ntawm kev kawm Petersburg nws. Thiab npaj ntau lub novels "Mirgorod", xws li "Taras Bulba". Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug no, leej twg sau tau "Taras Bulba", tsuas disappears. Tom qab tag nrho, nws kawm tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej.

Loj keeb kwm tshawb fawb

N. V. Gogol, prefacing nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Ukraine, siv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb nws kawm tus naas ej "Keeb kwm ntawm lub Rus 'Konickaja," Keeb kwm ntawm Zaporizhzhya Cossacks »Myshetsky," hauj lwm ntawm Ukraine "Boplanda, handwritten npe ntawm Ukrainian keeb kwm. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Gogol tus ua hauj lwm tau Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub keeb kwm zaj nkauj thiab ballads. Nyob rau hauv lub songs, nws qauv rau kev hlub, nws txawm nta hlo zajlus motifs, thiab txawm tag nrho lub sijhawm uas nws. Yog li ntawd lo lus nug no, uas tau sau "Taras Bulba", yam tsawg kawg, lub teb chaws thiab txawm mus rau ib co raws li provocative.

Ib tug tshiab theem nyob rau hauv cov txawj sau ntawv

"Mirgorod" - tsis yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub 'yav tsaus ntuj'. Ob qhov chaw ntawm "Mirgorod contrastly ua. Hais lus phem yog pom zoo rau cov paj huam ntawm ib tug heroic feat. Gogol ua npau suav uas nrhiav tau ib tug muaj zog heroic cim, thiab nws pom lawv nyob rau hauv lub epic-heroic kev xav, thiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Peb twb coj mus nyob rau hauv lub Sich Cossacks, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lub koom haum, Gogol qhib thiab sublime mob siab rau, thiab cov neeg tiag tiag, thiab lub originality ntawm lub teb chaws ua cim. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, tom qab Pushkin, nws pom hais tias lub ntsiab tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej xwm ua hauj lwm pab cov neeg. Cov dluab uas tsim los ntawm Gogol collective. Yeej tsis tau muaj xwb xws li Taras. Nws yog tus tsuas yog daim duab ntawm Taras Shevchenko rau hauv kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug ntawm leej twg sau tau "Taras Bulba" raws li ib tug txawj ua hauj lwm, yog nws cov.

Loj thiab loj ua hauj lwm

Gogol yog ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab zoo heev demanding artist. Los ntawm Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 mus 1842 nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Taras Bulba". Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lawv tau tsim ob versions. Lawv differed ho ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov khoom-ib tug me me masterpiece "Taras Bulba" Gogol sau nyob rau hauv 1835. Tab sis, txawm typing nws mus rau hauv lub "Mirgorod", nws pheej rov qab mus rau qhov hauj lwm no. Nws yeej tsis pom tau hais tias nws ua tiav lawm. Gogol yog lossi zoo kawg nkaus nws poetic style. Yog li ntawd, raws li tus xov tooj ntawm tshooj thiab drafts uas muaj, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua txawm hais tias cov khoom ntawm "Taras Bulba" sau Shevchenko. Nyob rau hauv Taras Bulba Taras Shevchenko, thiab muaj tsuas yog ib tug tej yam approximate portrait kev zoo sib thooj, tsis ntau. Tab sis ob qho tag nrho ntawm lawv twb Ukrainians, thiab tsuas yog lub teb chaws cov khaub ncaws, hairstyle thiab nta muaj nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm lawv, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau.

editorial kev xaiv

Raws li ntau lub sij hawm raws li Nikolai yog npaj txhij nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes sau dua tshiab nws cov hauj lwm, coj los rau perfection, lawv puab lub qhov muag pom tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv nws ob version ntawm zaj dab neeg tau zus ho rau hauv volume. Nyob rau hauv thawj version yog cuaj tshooj, tus thib ob - kaum ob. Muaj tshiab lam, kev sib tsoo scene. Keeb kwm thiab tsev neeg txhab view, qhov twg lub cim yog. Sich hloov hauj lwm, nws yog considerably ncua. Lub sib ntaus sib tua thiab siege ntawm Dubno kuj overwritten. Kev xaiv tsa Cossack sau anew. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, nws reinterpreted Gogol tawm tsam ntawm lub Ukrainian Cossacks raws li ib tug thoob plaws hauv tebchaws tawm tsam rau liberation. Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm "Taras Bulba" Kuv tau ib tug haib duab ntawm cov neeg uas tsis ua for the sake of lawv txoj kev ywj pheej. Thiab yeej tsis ua ntej nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog tsis portrayed raws li kom meej meej thiab tag nrho cov uas muaj cov neeg lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tsab ntawm tiag hloov cov duab ntawm Taras Bulba. Nws tau sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg vim hais tias ntawm lub teej division ntawm lub spoils nyob rau hauv thawj tsab. Qhov no kom meej yog tsis tooj mus rau heroic daim duab ntawm Taras. Nyob rau hauv ob ib tsab nws muaj ib tug nrog cov lawv sib cav sib ceg comrades uas tau ris mus rau sab ntawm Warsaw. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lawv raws li lackeys ntawm lub Polish gentry. Yog hais tias tus thawj tsab ntawm Taras yog ib tug zoo lover ntawm raids thiab riots, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob nws yog mus ib txhis tsis tswm, nws los ua ib tug tsim nyog nrog rau Orthodoxy.

Heroic thiab lyrical pathos zaj dab neeg no hais tias Gogol tsis xav txog tag nrho ua kom tiav, tsim ib tug zoo povhaum, uas ntog nyob rau hauv tus nyeem ntawv, cov phau ntawv kuj raug muab nthuav luag ob puas xyoo tom qab nws creation. Cov ua hauj lwm nqa tawm los ntawm Gogol yog li ntawd sib sib zog nqus thiab loj uas cov nqe lus nug "Leej twg sau tau" Taras Bulba "los ntawm Gogol thiab Shevchenko?" Yog tsis muaj lawm yam.