Kev carbon, nws npaj

Carbon dub (GOST 7885-86) - ntaus muaj carbon khoom, siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab raws li ib tug tub lim, reinforcing nws pab ua tau zoo zog. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau coke thiab suab yog yuav luag ib carbon dub nyob rau hauv tsos tsa.

kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov

Kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov ua carbon dub yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua log tsheb, 20% - rau qhov siv thiab ua roj hmab khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kev carbon yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xim siv thiab ua thiab khoom inks, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug dub xim.

Lwm teb ntawm daim ntawv thov - zus tau tej cov yas thiab cov cable sheath. Ntawm no cov khoom ntxiv raws li ib tug tub lim thiab ua cov khoom ntawm khoom tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv me me-scale carbon dub yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam industries.

feature

Carbon dub - txheej txheem khoom muaj tseeb engineering technologies thiab txoj kev tswj. Vim nws coj dawb huv thiab ib tug ncaj qha txhais txheej ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj zog, nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog hmoov quav tsim raws li kab mob byproduct ntawm thee thiab roj roj, los yog lub unregulated combustion xyaw. Raws li feem ntau txais thoob ntiaj teb kev faib ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub xws Carbon Dub (black carbon nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus los ntawm lus Askiv), cov pa roj carbon dub nyob rau hauv lus Askiv - muaj hmoov quav. Uas yog, cov ntsiab lus yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev tsis meej pem.

Amplification cov nyhuv vim cov pa roj carbon dub sau roj hmab twb tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb tshaj qhov qhib leej faj roj hmab vulcanization tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj hmab kev lag luam. Cov roj hmab compositions carbon ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom xyaw by luj Qib thib ob roj hmab. Cov nyhuv ntawm tus zoo thaj chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub rau roj hmab khoom muaj nuj nqis ntau dua tshaj qhov zoo thawj muaj - roj hmab.

reinforcing zog

Paub lub zog ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm qhia ib muab tub lim hu ua qhov cuab lub zog (qhov cuab lub zog), thiab xws li amplifiers yog hu ua fillers (carbon dub, precipitated silica). Ntawm tag nrho amplifiers tiag nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa roj carbon kev. Txawm tias ua ntej tua nws uake nrog cov roj hmab, thiab cov sib tov yuav tsis tau kiag li cais mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dub thiab roj hmab nrog cov kuab tshuaj.

Zog roj hmab, derived ntawm cov loj elastomers:

Lub rooj qhia tau hais tias lub zog ntawm cov vulcanizates tau los ntawm ntau hom ntawm roj hmab unfilled thiab sau nrog cov pa roj carbon dub. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nws yuav pom yuav ua li cas cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus zoo heev influences rau cov roj hmab tivthaiv tensile zog. Los ntawm txoj kev, lwm yam particulate hmoov siv nyob rau hauv roj hmab mixtures impart cov yam xim los yog ib tug sib tov cheapening - cwj mem av dawb, kaolin, talc, hlau oxide thiab lwm tus neeg tsis muaj reinforcing zog.

qauv

Ntshiab ntuj carbon - qhov no pob zeb diamond thiab graphite. Lawv muaj siv lead ua qauv ho txawv los ntawm ib lwm. Diffraction ray tsim zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov natural graphite thiab lub dag cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cov pa roj carbon dub. Carbon atoms nyob rau hauv graphite daim ntawv loj loj annular khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg fused uas muaj ntxhiab tshuab, nrog ib tug interatomic yov 0,142 nm. Cov graphitic los xij condensed uas muaj ntxhiab systems yog hu ua basal dav hlau. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub dav hlau yog nruj me ntsis txhais thiab yog 0,335 nm. Tag nrho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg cov txheej txheem thaum uas tig mus txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam. Graphite ceev yog 2,26 g / cm ^3.

Tsis zoo li graphite muaj ib tug peb-dimensional ordering, carbon dub yog yus muaj los ntawm tsuas yog ob tug-dimensional regularity. Nws muaj zoo-tsim graphite dav hlau, teem kwv yees li thaum uas tig mus rau ib lwm, tab sis offset ntu uas nyob ib sab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - uas yog, cia li taw qhia kom paub nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau ib txwm piv.

Zoo li tus graphite qauv piv nrog ntxiab stacked lawj ntawm phaib, thiab cov pa roj carbon dub qauv nrog ib lub lawj ntawm phaib nyob rau hauv uas cov ntawv teev lus no txav. Nws interplanar yov loj dua cov graphite thiab 0,350-0,365 nm. Yog li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon dub ceev qis tshaj uas ntawm graphite thiab yog tsis pub dhau 1,76-1,9 g / cm ^3, nyob ntawm seb lub qib (feem ntau yog 1.8 g / cm ^3).

coloration

Cov xim (coloring) carbon dub siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua printing inks, coatings, yas, fibers, daim ntawv thiab lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv cov dej num raws li nram no:

• vysokookrashivayuschy carbon dub (SB);
• sredneokrashivayuschy (MS);
• normalnookrashivayuschy (RC);
• nizkookrashivayuschy (LC).

Qhov thib peb tsab ntawv qhia ib tug txheej txheem rau cov - ib tug cub tawg (F) los yog lub channel (C). QAUV designations: HCF - vysokookrashivayuschy cub tawg carbon dub (Hiqh Xim rauv).

khoom coloring muaj peev xwm muaj feem xyuam rau qhov luaj li cas ntawm nws hais. Nyob ntawm seb lawv loj carbon Kev subdivided rau hauv pab pawg:

kev faib

Carbon dub rau roj hmab reinforcing nyhuv ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv no tau muab faib mus rau hauv:

• Vysokousilivayuschy (tsuj taw, khoom). Muab ntau zog lub dag lub zog thiab puas kuj. Lub particle loj yog me me (18-30 nm). Siv nyob rau hauv conveyor koj cov menyuam, cov log tsheb treads.
• Poluusilivayuschy (wireframe, mos mos). nruab nrab particle loj (40-60 nm). Siv nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg muaj roj hmab khoom, cov log tsheb carcasses.
• Nizkousilivayuschy. Lub particle loj yog loj (ntau tshaj 60 nm). Lub log tsheb lag luam siv no xwb. Nws muab cov tsim nyog lub dag lub zog thaum muaj kev siab elasticity nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab khoom.

Ib tug ua tiav kev faib ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub yog muab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ASTM D1765-03, txais yuav los ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no lub manufacturers ntawm cov khoom thiab nws tau txais kev pab. Nws kev faib tawm, nyob rau hauv particular, yog ua rau cov kab kev los ntawm cov kev deg hauv cheeb tsam ntawm tus hais:

Qhuav ntawm cov pa roj carbon

Muaj peb technology uas muaj cov pa roj carbon dub, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm tsis tiav combustion ntawm hydrocarbons:

• cub;
• channel;
• raj;
• ntshav.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug thermal txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas lub decomposition ntawm natural gas los yog acetylene sov siab.

Heev heev tias tau los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm technologies muaj ntau yam yam ntxwv.

raug technology

Raws tau kom tau cov pa roj carbon dub tag nrho cov saum toj no txoj kev, txawm li cas los, ntau tshaj 96% ntawm manufactured khoom yog npaj los ntawm ib tug cub tawg txoj kev ntawm cov kua pub. Cov kev tso cai rau kom muab tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub nrog ib qho ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, rau cov pa roj carbon dub Omsk cog siv li no technology yog ua ntau tshaj li 20 carbon dub tias.

General technology yog. Cov hlua reactor vysokoogneupornymi ntaub ntawv nkag natural gas thiab rhuab rau 800 ° C huab cua. Los ntawm kub natural gas ua tiav combustion khoom muaj ib tug kub 1820-1900 ° C, uas muaj ib qhov nqi ntawm free oxygen. Nyob rau hauv lub high-kub khoom ntawm tiav combustion ntawm cov kua hydrocarbon feedstock yog txhaj, ua tib zoo pre-tov thiab rhuab rau 200-300 ° C. Pyrolysis ntawm lub feedstock tshwm sim nyob rau ib tug ncaj qha tswj kub, uas, nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub ua muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1400 mus 1750 ° C.

Thaum ib tug deb ntawm tus pub qhov chaw thermooxidative cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog haujlwm los ntawm dej txhaj tshuaj. Tsim los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gases nkag mus rau saum huab cua rhaub, nyob rau hauv uas lawv muab ib feem ntawm nws cov tshav kub mus rau lub cua siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, qhov kub ntawm cov dej uglerodogazovoy dauv los ntawm 950-1000 ° C rau 500-600 ° C.

Tom qab txias rau 260-280 ° C los ntawm cov ntxiv txhaj dej sib tov ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub thiab gases yog xa mus rau lub hnab lim, qhov twg carbon dub yog sib cais los ntawm cov roj thiab nkag mus rau rau lub lim hopper. Lub sib cais carbon dub los ntawm lub hopper lim rau roj tsheb thauj mus los conduit yog pub kiv cua (lub cav tshuab) nyob rau hauv ib tug granulating unit.

Manufacturers ntawm carbon dub

Ntiaj teb zus tau tej cov carbon dub yog ntau tshaj li 10 lab tons. Xws li ib tug loj kev thov rau cov khoom yog feem ntau vim nws cov cim txhawb zog. Locomotives industries yog:

• Aditya Birla Group (India) - hais txog 15% ntawm lub lag luam.
• Cabot Corporation (TEB CHAWS USA) - 14% ntawm lub lag luam.
• Orion engineered carbons (Luxembourg) - 9%.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws producers ntawm cov pa roj carbon Lavxias teb sab:

• Ltd. "Omsktehuglerod" - 40% ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam. Nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Omsk, Volgograd, Mogilev.
• OAO "Yaroslavl kev carbon" - 32%.
• JSC "Nizhnekamsktekhuglerod" - 17%.