Qhib-hearth steel ntau lawm thiab nemartenovskoe

Tus txiv neej los xyuas kom meej lawv xav tau kev pab siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab ib tug ntawm lawv, ntawm chav kawm, mus rau lub hlau. Rau tam sim no yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua rau nrhiav tau xws li ib thaj tsam ntawm tib neeg kev ua si nyob rau hauv uas lawv twb tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Thiab co raug muab faib ua ob peb lub ntsiab pawg: dawb, zoo thiab dub.

ferrous pab pawg neeg xws li chromium, manganese, thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, uas nws muaj ntau hlau alloys. Thiab hais tias hlau alloys yog lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub siv tshuab. Thiab txawm hais tias nws yog tam sim no muaj cov tshiab tej hub thiab polymeric cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yuav tsis ntev yuav tau hloov qhov zoo qub hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau.

Hu steel hlau hlau carbon thiab cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2,14%. Yog hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus yog siab tshaj no daim duab, qhov no alloy muaj ib tug cam khwb cia hlau. Npaj los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los yog hlau los ntawm seem nyob rau hauv steelmaking furnaces txawv metallurgy. Thiab ib tug ntawm cov hiob thiab twb outdated dab yog tus zus tau tej cov hlau nyob rau hauv qhib-hearth furnaces. Nws lub ntsiab cai muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias hlau thiab seem hlau yog tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug reverberatory rauv. Yuav kom yaj khoom xwb cov ntaub ntawv thiab sov lub steel rau ib yam kev kub, thiab pab kom txawm peem loj thermal losses, ntxiv thaum tshav kub kub yog yuav tsum tau. Nws yog ua los ntawm hlawv roj nyob rau hauv ib tug kwj ntawm cov heev huab cua kub.

Rau cov combustion txheej txheem muab ib txhis nyhuv thiab steel ntau lawm siv tsawg zog, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias qhov no roj hlawv yog nyob rau hauv cov ua hauj lwm qhov chaw. Rau lub hom phiaj no huab cua yog noj mus rau hauv lub cub tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tshaj li tsim nyog tus nqi. Qhov no raws li tsim nws cov pa surplus cua. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no cua muaj oxygen uas yog tsim los ntawm cov decomposition ntawm dej thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau high school kub. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg yog tsim surplus oxygen, uas txhawb nqa oxidation ntawm cov hlau thiab lwm yam hais txog tus nqi. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no oxidation ua ib tug ntau ntawm oxides ntawm txawv hlau. Lawv, ua ke nrog impurities thiab hais collapsing liner daim ntawv slag. Qhov no slag yog sib zog tshaj hlau, thiab nws npog nws thaum lub sij hawm melting. Yog li ntawd, zus tau tej cov hlau qhib-hearth txoj kev yog maj hloov los ntawm tshiab technologies.

Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov neeg hom ntawm steels, uas muaj ntau yam. Lawv feem pua ntawm cov yuav tsum tau tswj nruj heev. Cov steels kuj siv rau tag nrho cov zoo-paub stainless hlau. Thiab stainless steel lawm - qhov no yog nej ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm los txiav txim uas yog lub qhib-hearth txoj kev yog heev yooj yim. Thaum zoo li no carbon nyob rau hauv lub stainless steel muaj heev me ntsis, thiab qhov no ntxiv complicates qhov teeb meem. Thiab rau lub smelting ntawm stainless hlau thiab lwm yam zoo xws hom feem ntau siv hluav taws xob arc rauv taws nte. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ntau lub hwj chim thiab lub peev xwm. Yog qhov uas cov tshav kub nyob rau hauv xws li ib cub yog ib tug hluav taws xob arc. Nws tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm tus electrodes thiab tus nqi los yog tus molten hlau, tom qab lub tam sim no yog txhab khoom mus rau lawv qhov tsim nyog lub dag lub zog.

Qhov no arc yog ib tug kwj ntawm cov electrons, hlau vapors thiab ionized gases slag. Nws kub tshaj lub cim ntawm 3,000 degrees. Nws yuav tshwm sim raws li ib tug los ntawm DC daim ntaub ntawv thiab AC. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub electric arc tshuab cua sov yog tsuas yog siv rau alternating tam sim no. Chiv, thaum lub hlau yog tsis zoo sov so nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg, cov arc therein los ntawm kev hloov lub polarity ntawm lub electrodes yog extinguished. Tab sis, ces, thaum tus nqi yog kiag li melted thiab da dej yog them nrog ib tug uniform txheej ntawm slag, lub arc yog stabilized thiab pib mus hlawv tusyees. Ntxiv mus, zus tau tej cov hlau nyob rau hauv ib tug cub tawg hais tsis mob.

Rau melting ntawm co thiab siv raws li induction furnaces. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog raws li nram no: alternating magnetic teb excites cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob tam sim no, lub tshav kub yog tso tawm, uas yog siv rau melting cov hlau. Ib qhov ntawm magnetic teb nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cua sov yog ib tug inductor. Poizvodstvo steel nyob rau hauv ib tug induction cua sov muaj ob peb zoo piv nrog rau cov hluav taws xob cua sov. Firstly, nws yog ua tau rau ntau meej kho lub melting kub thiab nws muab ib tug ntau dua efficiency. Thiab ob, qhov uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob arcs thiab electrodes nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cua sov tso cai rau kom muab tau nws nyob rau hauv cov uas tsis muaj hlau. Melting nyob rau hauv ib tug induction cua sov muab takzhne thiab tsawg hlawv alloying ntsiab, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub smelting ntawm complex hlau steel.