Isotopes - nws yog ntau yam ntawm tshuaj ntsiab rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov keeb

Tib neeg nco yog raws li nyob rau hauv associative thiab cov zajlus kom sib txuas. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb npaj kev muaj tiag, mus faib nws cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub cell thiab nrhiav tau ib tug system. Txwv tsis pub, lub cim xeeb tsis kam mloog, thiab lub siab - rau kev tsom xam. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho tseem ceeb txhob yog cov creation ntawm lub periodic rooj - qhov kev txiav txim, lub cev thiab logic yeej. Cawv ntawm no foundations yog li ntawd zoo kawg hais tias nws tshwm sim ntau. Piv txwv li, Lyubishchev ntse heev Lavxias teb sab lub sij hawm kev tswj, tau tsim nws tus kheej lub cev nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug periodic rooj uas muaj sia nyob. Lub hom phiaj no yog tsis tiav, tab sis qhov tseeb proves qhov tseem ceeb ntawm logic rau kev to taub txiv neej. Tab sis cov kev muaj tiag yog richer nyob rau hauv zoo nkauj qauv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus Science News for KIDS ib co ntsiab yog tawm ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm ceeb thawj. Yog vim li cas? Koj muaj peev xwm teb nrog ib lo lus - "isotopes". Lo lus no lus txhais tau tias "nyob ib qho chaw."

Ua hauj lwm nyuaj, tsis nco qab tag nrho cov

Periodic lub rooj - tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov zog ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau zaum, thiab tsis tsuas yog nws cov creator. Nws ingeniously tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab pom qhov yooj yim cov kev cai. Tab sis qhov loj ntawm daim duab uas koj pom nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm chemists, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsis muaj tseeb. Yuav ua li cas yuav li no? Tej zaum koj twb tau them nyiaj mloog hais tias lub atomic tooj - ib tug zoo nkauj integer. Tab sis muaj ceeb thawj - feem nrog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov zauv qhov chaw. Yog vim li cas? Ib tug isotopes ntawm tib txhaum. Qhov no yuav tau piav heev tsuas. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau cov nuj nqis rau "nitrogen" lub caij, nyob ze ntawm lub atomic loj tus xov tooj koj pom 14,0067. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj "catch" cov dawb nitrogen atom, tej zaum nws yuav luj thiab 10, thiab 25 atomic units. Lawv yog cov sib txawv. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov txawv? Isotope loj muaj qhov loj ntawm lub proton thiab neutron loj. Pawg protons - ib qhov nqi, namely nws yuav ua rau lub caij caij (nitrogen - nitrogen). Tab sis lub neutron atom tej zaum yuav yog nplua nuj los yog neeg pluag. Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm nitrogen tej zaum yuav muaj 18 xyoo, thiab tsuas yog 3 daim. Isotopes - atoms ntawm lub caij hom yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm neutrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Peb pom nitrogen 16 isotopes. Ib txhia lwm yam hais txog rooj plaub no thiab ntau dua.

Yuav ua li cas zaum ua li cas?

Yog hais tias koj yog cov kws tshawb fawb, dab tsi yuav koj ua li cas? Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib qho array rau hauv ib lub rooj rau lub xam? Ib tug yuav, ntawm chav kawm, muab cov kev laij phem. Tiam sis muaj ntau isotopes - qhov no yog ib tug heev tsis ruaj tsis khov khoom, ib txhia ntawm lawv - artificially tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm mus nqa tawm suav nrog ib tug kub siab rau tsis muaj tseeb cov ntaub ntawv. Zaum tau ua txawv - lawv yog xam nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau cov atomic loj ntawm lub caij ntawm lub ntuj loj heev ntawm ib tug isotope. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yuav tshwm sim hais tias ib tug arbitrary nrhiav koj ntaus nws nyob rau hauv lub isotope 14 loj units, yog heev. Lub keeb ntawm lub isotope, pom ntawd, feem ntau yuav, yuav muaj 7 protons thiab 7 neutrons.

Vim li cas discrepancies

Yog vim li cas yog lub atomic loj yog tsis tseeb? Vim hais tias ntawm nws xaus yog inductively - los ntawm ntiag tug rau general. Peb tsis paub lub caij nyoog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub kiav txhab, peb tsis tau tshawb geologically txawm cia li tag nrho nto ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, lub atomic loj tooj - ntau yam. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev paub hais tias cov neeg muaj hnub no. Yog vim li cas puas tau tus zaum nws suits? Vim hais tias ntau dua cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau tsuas yog rau cov molecular physics, rau xam tus naj npawb ntawm tsis tseem ceeb yuam kev yuav tsis quav ntsej li. Tab sis ua txhaum ntawm lub txheej txheem by luj obyanyaetsya nyob rau hauv uas cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm qhov tseem ceeb xov tooj ntawm them hais - protons. Thiab nws yog los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm protons thiab lub ntsiab yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv series.