Hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen: hnyav thiab lub teeb

Lub lightest ntawm cov tshuaj hais, yuav tsum tau tivthaiv ntawm cov organic teeb meem, molecules tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub neej - cov dej - thiab nws yog tag nrho hais txog Hydrogen. Tus heev lub npe txhais ua Lavxias teb sab nrog kev pab los ntawm hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Greek lo lus - "muab yug rau cov dej." Hydrogen roj - ib yam khoom uas theej capricious thiab txaus ntshai (inflammable!). Ib tug hydrogen nyob rau hauv atomic daim ntawv - yog heev kom nquag plias thiab tau txo zog. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj zadachnik me nyuam kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav nug seb zoo li cas yog lub hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen. Lo lus nug no muaj peev xwm hauv paus txawm tsis nco qab lawm laus Science News for KIDS.

Clarifies dab tsi yog meant

Lub tswvyim ntawm "hydrogen" los ntawm ib cov zajlus kom taw tes ntawm view, tsis meej xwm. Nws yuav txhais li cas tog twg los lub hydrogen atoms, thiab cov coj roj uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub molecular daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv - ib tug ua ke ntawm ob lub atoms. Es, nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm "hydrogen hniav puas loj" yog meant ib cov roj, raws li rau ib tug neeg atoms es thov lub tswvyim ntawm atomic loj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub dawb daim ntawv hydrogen zaum yuav muaj nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ib co cev thiab tshuaj dab. Thiab qhov no tshuaj muaj ib tug mole ceeb thawj. Li ntawd, txhua lub sij hawm koj txiav txim siab mus tauj xub qhia kom meej raws nraim li cas yog meant.

free atom

Yog hais tias peb txhais li cas ib tug atom, lub hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen yog sib npaug zos rau ib gram ib tus nas. Nws yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv kilograms ib tus nas ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub SI, qhov no koj cia li xav tau kom muab cov 1 mus rau 10 mus rau lub Rho tawm thib peb lub hwj chim. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis nkaus muaj tseeb, vim hais tias cov atomic hnyav - qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis zauv thiab zauv feem.

Yuav ua li cas nyuaj!

Tiam sis ceev faj - yog hais tias koj daws tau qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv physics phau ntawv, koj muaj peev xwm fim ib tug hnyav daim ntawv ntawm hydrogen, uas muaj ntau hniav puas loj. Cov feem ntau yog hu ua protium hydrogen thiab nws nyhav ib gram tias, tab sis muaj deuterium (2r los ntawm tus nas), thiab tritium (3 g ib tus nas). Deuterium nyob rau hauv heev me me (tsawg tshaj li 0.2%) yog nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov tritium tsis tshwm sim, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau nyob rau hauv nuclear kev tig cev. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev daws cov teeb meem tiag ntawm physics thiab Science News for KIDS tsis paub qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm, yog li ntawd yog koj yog npaj rau ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub natural sciences, nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau npaj mus txiav txim qhov hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv xws txawv txawv lub sijhawm.

Cov lus teb rau cov molecular daim ntawv

Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem yog meant roj, ces koj yuav tau mus muab cov atomic luj ntawm hydrogen rau ob thiab ib tug yog vim grams tauj ib tias. Atomic chav nyob thiab grams tauj ib tias txaus sib npaug zos, tab sis tus thawj ntev siv nyob rau hauv physics thiab kev sib tham ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm cov ntsiab, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm tswv yim teeb meem nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS. Tab sis txawm no koj yuav ntes thiab nug uas hnyav hydrogen. Los ntawm txoj kev, yuav tau ceev faj, tej zaum los ntawm koj yuav tsum tsis muab 2 los yog 3 nyob rau hauv ob. Muaj hybrid cov ntaub ntawv, e.g., deuterium thiab tritium (hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen li muaj 2 + 3 = 5), nrog deuterium los yog protium (3), tritium los yog C tiv thaiv (4). Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb thiab folding, es multiply, tsis yuav tsum tau yuam kev nrog hnyav molecules.

Lub interesting tshaj plaws yog hais tias cov dej, uas muaj xws li hnyav hydrogen, kuj hu ua hnyav. Txog cov teeb meem nrog nws tau txais tawm ntawm qhov hnyav hydrogen yuav tsis yooj yim thiab rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tau xam dab tsi yog qhov hniav puas loj ntawm hydrogen hauv koj cov teeb meem.