Ilyushin 62M: kev yam ntxwv, keeb kwm thiab cov duab

Yog hais tias cov thauj system - cov ntshav ntawm tej kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tus neeg nrog caij tsheb thauj mus los yuav tsum tau hu ua "ntshav" ntawm cov ntshav nws tus kheej. Cov zoo, ceev thiab zoo dua lub xeev yog tau tsiv mus cov neeg nyob nws lub teb chaws, qhov tsawg lub "backwoods" yog, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog tsim kom muaj tus sis ntawm cov tag nrho lub xeev apparatus. Zoo paub txog nws nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau IL los ua 62M.

Txhob thaum lub sij hawm ib tug neeg caij dav hlau pom tias Soviet kev lag luam yog muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas mus rau zus tau tej cov tub rog cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub impressive scale.

Ntsiab nta

Lub aircraft yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm rear-mounted cav thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb ncua kev kawm ntawv tsim. Nws tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub legendary OKB Ilyushin thiab tom qab patented nyob rau hauv cuaj lub teb chaws. Cov muaj lub tebchaws United Kingdom, Ltalis, Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Czechoslovakia, Nyiv. Nws tsis yog li ntawd heev npaum li cas famed IL 62M, ib lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub fuselage, uas yog ib tug guarantee ntawm zoo.

Lub tshuab muaj ib tug tsis tshua muaj kuab tis ntawm cov loj, yog li ntawd nws loj yog yuav luag tib yam aircraft nrog xyaw nyob rau hauv lub tis. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm IL 62M, tus yam ntxwv uas peb xav, yog tej yam txawv kauj ruam yuav ua raws li ntawm cov kev npoo ntawm cov tis (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kaus ncauj). Nws yog ua tau los xyuas kom meej rau yav tom ntej stability aircraft, nrog rau cov tseem ceeb heev ces kaum ntawm nres. Cov tis kuj tau manufactured siv qhov tseeb decompression technology uas tsis tshua muaj nqi molding. Nws yog ua tau tsis tsuas mus rau pab txhawb, tab sis kuj ho ntxiv dag zog rau tag nrho cov qauv.

Feathering ua rau ib tug T-zoo li tus Circuit Court, thiab nws hnyav thiab loj muaj nuj nqis me dua luag tag nrho cov analogs. Txawm tias ib co shortcomings ntawm no mus kom ze, qhov no yuav ua raws li tau tso cai ob peb zaug los txhim kho lub manageability thiab kev cia siab ntawm tus tshiab tshuab, tus tsim ntawm cov uas tau raug tshem tawm ib yam nkaus thiab loj thiab tsis yeej ib txwm txhim khu kev qha kev daws teeb meem.

Roj tso tsheb hlau luam nyob thoob plaws hauv lub ncua ntawm lub tis, xws li ib tug chaw seem. Ilyushin 62M cim kawg vim hais tias nws tso cai rau koj nqa mus siv rau tawm nrog ib tug cav ua tsis tau tejyam. Ya thiab tsaws tib tshuab ua tau, feem ntau muaj ob tug ua tsis tau tejyam tsav. Ntau redundancy ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab, borrowed los ntawm lub khoos kas aerospace thiab cov tub rog technology, yuav ua tau kom lub ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov avionics rau qhov kev txiav txim.

Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub tsheb tshiab

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg nrog caij thiab freight thauj nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm 50-ies, thaum lub lag luam tau pib ua aircraft turbine propulsion. Cov cav tov muaj cai nqa ntawm ib lub sij hawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom, thiab ua tau li ntawd yuav yog sai li sai tau. Qhov no yog vim li cas hais tias los ntawm 1950 mus 1959 qhov ntim ntawm freight tsheb nce ib zaug nyob rau hauv kaum lub sij hawm.

Tsis ceeb, economists thiab civil aviation kws txawj yuav luag tam sim ntawd tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim kom sai li sai tau los mus tsim ib tug pheej yig thiab unpretentious aircraft uas enables cov thauj ntawm cov neeg thiab khoom nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Union.

Nce qib KB Ilyushin

Tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub CB Ilyushin twb tau muaj txaus kev thiab cov kev pab, tab sis vim nws yog nws cov kws txawj xub pib los tsim ib tug tshiab hom ntawm aircraft. Twb tau nyob rau 1960 nws Ilyushin hais mus rau tsoom fwv ntawm lub USSR Npaj cov creation ntawm lub tshuab, uas tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm tus IL 62M. Nws npaj rau equip aircraft xyaw RD-23-600, uas nws txoj kev loj hlob tau coj los ntawm ib tug txawj ntse SK Tumansky.

xav nta

Thawj, designers tau lam xav hais tias cov aircraft yuav nqa 50 mus rau 150 neeg caij tsheb. Ntau twb npaj "kom haum raws li" tsis pub dhau 4500-8500 km. Xyaw designers xav mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw seem. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub hauv paus ntawm lub IL 62M tsab yog dag tswvyim ntawm IL-18. Tsis tas li ntawd tau txais kev pab raws li kev tshoov siab rau hauv lub Fabkis lub tsheb "Caravel" rau nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm stabilizers ntawm ib nrab qhov siab ntawm lub keel.

Txij li thaum txawm tias ib tug nyob ntawm lub zeem muag rau yav tom ntej ntawm IL 62M twb zoo ua hauj lwm tawm, lub Council of Ministers ntawm lub USSR saws ib tug tswv yim uas nthuav sai sai. Daws teeb meem yuav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub aircraft, uas nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag hauv chav kawm ntawv yuav ya ib tug deb ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 4500 km, muaj li 165 rooj. creation ntawm ib tug "khoom kim heev" ntawm lub first-class tsheb kuj muab. Nws davhlau ntau yog twb 6700 km thiab 100 ... 125 rooj rau neeg caij tsheb, ntsig txog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm OKB Kuznetsova commissioned los tsim ib tug tshiab cav NK-8.

layout nta

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Soviet aircraft twb xaiv tswvyim nrog tus Tsov tus tw-engine. Qhov no twb tsis tau ua los ntawm kev huam yuaj. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev siv no tsim tshuaj yuav tau txais ib "huv" tis muaj zoo heev aerodynamics. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb heev rau lub aircraft, uas yuav tsum tso tawm txawm nyob rau ntev txoj kev loj sau lub teb chaws huab cua.

Tsis tas li ntawd, xws tswvyim yuav mounting ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab yooj yim nqa nrov plig plawg. Muab hais tias xyaw tau nyob rau ntawm ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm lub tank, dramatically nce lub ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas muaj ib tug hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm heev hops, significantly txo suab nrov ntau ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub neeg nrog caij compartment, thiab twb txo mus rau luag xoom tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv aircraft qauv ntsaws dav hlau tsim los ntawm tsis tshua muaj neeg kub roj cua.

Txij li thaum fais fab nroj tsuag yog nyob ze li sai tau mus rau lub longitudinal axis ntawm lub fuselage, nws twb tau kom txo tau cov nyhuv ntawm ib tug tsis tshua txaus ntshai yawm tus nqi, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov motors. Thaum kawg, qhov no tib yam tswvyim yuav tau cov rejection uas excessively loj tus Tsov tus tw, uas muaj peev xwm txo tau cov zuag qhia tag nrho luj ntawm lub tsheb (nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav).

Niaj hnub no peb yuav hais nrog cog qoob loo uas lub tsev lag luam ntawm cov neeg nrog caij aircraft Tu - xeem tiam sis tsis tsawg kawg yog tus tsim nyog ntawm OKB Ilyushin. Uas tshwj xeeb ntawm lub Bureau rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub domestic aircraft yog tsis tsuas embodied nyob rau hauv cov hlau ib cov tswvyim tshiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis kuj coj nws mus rau zoo tag nrho.

Tsis zoo ntawm tus tshiab layout

Tiam sis muaj nyob rau hauv lub version nrog tus Tsov tus tw cav thiab disadvantages, ib co ntawm cov uas twb heev tseem ceeb. Firstly, lub dav hlau loj yuav nws thiaj li tseem muaj zog li yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv txhim khu tag nrho tus Tsov tus tw seem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tis yog tsis mos txwv motors (lawv tso cai rau koj los txo cov txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas).

Secondly, vim hais tias ntawm qhov kev tso kawm ntawm tus xyaw kom deb li deb, nws yuav tsum tau ho ntev tag nrho cov roj cov khoom, uas muaj ib tug tsis zoo ntxim rau cov zuag qhia tag nrho kev ntseeg ntawm tus tsim. Thaum kawg, vim hais tias ntawm lub "nahlobuchivaniya" xyaw rau tus Tsov tus tw, sharply hloov tag nrho lub kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub aircraft, uas kuj muab ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem raws li cov designers thiab pilots uas ua lub aircraft.

Yog vim li cas qhov no Circuit Court tau txais?

Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov kev sib piv ntawm zoo thiab tsis zoo lub sij hawm. Thaum engineers xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub drafts schemes IL 62M, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov uas twb txhob rau nws lub sij hawm, lawv tseem coj ib tug zoo kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub community launch txog lub ntau lawm version ntawm nws nrog lub rear-mounted engine. Nws yog ncaj ncees rau hais tias nws tshwm sim tom qab mob siab heev sib cav tswv yim. Thiab cov kws txawj yuav to taub hais tias twb paub lawm no tswvyim, peb yuav tsum tau daws tau ntau yam nyuab heev teeb meem nyob rau hauv layout.

Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau IL 62M (ntxiv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam) tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb navigation system uas tso cai rau koj mus tsaws lub dav hlau thiab nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau phiv huab cua thiab meteorological tej yam kev mob. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ib tug kiag li tsis siv neeg tswj system twb tau muab siv, uas rau aircraft ntawm no loj thiab muaj peev xwm, txawm hnub no, yog tsis ib yam dab tsi zoo tib yam. Ntau tshaj kev ntseeg tau thiab simplicity - cov no yog cov pom qhov txawv nta ntawm lub IL 62M. USSR (86,513 lub rooj tsavxwm - ib qho ntawm ob peb tu siab zam) tau ib zaug dua tswj los mus tsim ib tug yooj yim heev tab sis yav tom ntej lub tsheb.

Ntsiab kawm cov yam ntxwv

• Tag nrho cov wingspan meters - 43,2.
• Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tis nto, m² - 279,55.
• Maximum ntev ntawm lub fuselage, m - 53,12.
• Lub cev lub ntsiab ntev, meters - 49,00.
• Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm lub tsev meters - 12,35.
• Cheb tis ° - 32,5 ° (25% ntawm lub chord kab).
• Maximum davhlau ntau, km - 10 000-11 050.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau luj, tons - 161.6 (165/167 los ntawm kev hloov kho).
• Base chassis meters - 24,48.
• Maximum khiav chassis meters - 6.8.
• Cruising ceev - 850 km / h.
• Maximum ceev - 870 km / h.
• lub qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm kilometers - 12.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm lub tshuab nrog index "M" los ntawm nws cov predecessors?

Cov dav hlau, uas yog yooj yim kev hloov kho ntawm lub IL-62 turbofan xyaw muaj D-30KU. Lawv yog cov ntau ntau yig thiab zoo ua raws li cov thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm ib puag ncig tiv thaiv. Keel thiab cov stabilizers tau raug muab nyob rau hauv cov cav tov qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm aerodynamics, qhov zoo. Vim lub installation ntawm ib tug tshiab reversing ntaus engineers twb tau txo rau saum huab cua kuj thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus. Los ua lub peev xwm ntawm cov onboard roj system, cov cav tov yuav ua ntev flights.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov sib ntaus khoom, aircraft tsim ntxiv electronics tau hloov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov heev heev thov ntawm cov pilots, cov niaj hnub huab cua-txias system nyob rau hauv lub tsheb tav xis tau tau ntxiv. Nws tso cai rau txo tau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm qaug zog ntawm pilots thaum lub sij hawm ntev flights, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb kev.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Lub tsheb twb tau hais ntau ntau zaus kuaj raws li nrog tag nrho cov thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no IL 62M, salon uas yog paub ntau natives ntawm lub USSR, ua ob sab hauv lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau thoob ntiaj teb kev. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem aircraft, feem ntau ntawm cov aircraft tau manufactured rau export, thiab tej lub teb chaws muaj najnpawb rau daim ntawv xauj tsev cov aircraft rau nws domestic tsheb. Qhov no yog zaj dabneeg ntawm lub IL 62M aircraft.