Lub hydrogen foob pob RDS-37: yam ntxwv, keeb kwm

Tus thawj xyoo caum tom qab ua tsov ua rog ntiaj teb zaum ob (WWII) tau tso cia ib lub nra hnyav rau lub xub pwg nyom ntawm lub Soviet neeg. Txum Tim Rov Qab kev lag luam, ua liaj ua teb, cov kev hloov los ntawm ib lub xeev ntawm kev tsov kev rog rov qab mus rau hauv lub dav civil tshwm sim nyob rau hauv maj mam ua oppression ntawm lub caj npab haiv neeg thiab uas ntsiag to confrontation nruab nrab ntawm ob yawm superpowers ntawm lub sij hawm: lub Soviet Union thiab lub tebchaws United States.

Engineering ntse heev ntawm ob lub teb chaws txhua txhua xyoo tsim thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov hlau ntau thiab ntau riam phom txaus ntshai ntawm loj kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv no chilling haiv neeg lub Soviet Union tsoo rau hauv cov hmoov txhuas txawm thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, thiab yuav tsis cia lawv txoj haujlwm kom txog rau thaum lub thiaj li hu ua "Cuban missile ntsoog". Nws yog thawj lub sij hawm peb lub teb chaws tsom lub ntiaj teb no ob-theem thermonuclear hydrogen foob pob muaj peev xwm uas muaj ntau tshaj 1 Mt, namely RDS-37.

tshiab riam phom

Engineering daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau ib tug tshiab hydrogen foob pob superpowerful pib nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1952 nyob rau hauv ib tug top-secret thiab kaw qhov tsim chaw khaws KB-11. Txawm li cas los, ib tug loj kev tshawb no ntawm theoretical kev tshawb fawb thiab ua qauv kev kawm pib tau ob xyoos xwb tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv tib 1954 cov ntaub ntawv kev cob cog rua rau lub loj tshaj minds ntawm lub sij hawm: Ya. B. Zeldovich thiab A. D. Saharov. RDS-37 - H-pob ntawm ib tug tshiab tiam - yuav tsum tau hais kiag li lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog zaum ntawm lub Soviet Union. Thiab Tej zaum 31, 1955 lub Minister ntawm Medium Tshuab tsev thiab lub Deputy Chairman ntawm lub USSR Council of Ministers Zavenyaginym A. P. kev txiav txim siab yog los pom zoo rau lub tswv yim CB-11 tsav schemes ntawm tus tshiab riam phom.

RDS-37, deciphering abbreviations uas, raws li ntau qhov chaw, nws suab zoo li: "Russia puas nws tus kheej" los yog "Stalin lub foob pob ua ntxaij Cav", tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog "ib tug tshwj xeeb dav hlau engine", tau txais nws pib nyob rau hauv lub neej.

tsim

Hloov zuj zuj los ntawm RDS-3, tus tshiab technology coj qhov yooj yim theoretical tswv yim ntawm implosion, qhov thiaj li hu ua tawg inward gravitational cev qhuav dej. Ib feem ntawm cov lus teb twb borrowed xws li nyob RDS-6s, thaum uas tig mus superbomb tsim, txawm li cas los, ib leeg-theem yam, uas twb tau ntse mus soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1953 ntawm lub xeem qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Semipalatinsk.

Rau ib lub hauv paus ntawm RDS-37 twb xaiv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug ob-theem hydrodynamic implosion xwb. Precisely xam cov tshwm sim los muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism yog yooj yim nyob rau lub sij hawm. Engineering thiab xam tuition thaum ntxov fifties yuav piv tsis tau nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm computer technology. Simulation hom compression theem nrab tsev nyob ze rau qhov spherically yam hom (implosion, los ntawm cov lus Askiv implosion -. "Implosion") tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub domestic "supercomputer" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm - nyob rau hluav taws xob computer "Strela".

Txawv RDS-37

Nta tshiab riam phom rau siab ntso ua khaws cia tsis pub leejtwg paub los ntawm zoo tib yam cov pej xeem. Txawm niaj hnub no, tej zaum nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav txhim khu kev qha cov khoom siv ntawm nws tsis. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub ntsiab sib txawv yog tus siv ntawm ib tug tshiab nuclear foob pob uranium-238 isotope. Tus nqi raug ua los ntawm lithium-6 deuterium, ruaj khov heev yam khoom uas, precluding txawj av.

Secondary zog ntawm cov tawg, raws li nyob rau hauv hydrodynamic hauv paus ntsiab lus implosion, yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li lub zog ntawm cov thaum tawg. Soj Ntsuam sau tseg ob paj rwb nyob rau poob siab yoj zaj nrog ib lub suab li qhov muaj zog thiab ntse keej xob laim. Lub teeb emission siv yog xws li tias nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm peb kilometers ntawm lub epicenter ntawm cov tawg instantly cig thiab hlawv ntawv.

av

Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas cov tshiab RDS-37 thermonuclear foob pob, lub hwj chim uas yog kwv yees li ntawm txog 3 Mt, twb xaiv 2nd State Central Test Site (2 GTSIP) kaw Kurchatov nroog, 130 km north-west of lub nroog ntawm Semipalatinsk (lub teb chaws uas niaj hnub Kazakhstan) . Nyob rau hauv ib co maps thiab rhiab cov ntaub ntawv, lub zos no kuj yog raug xa mus rau raws li "Moscow-400", "puam" (tom ntej no hais Irtysh dej), "Semipalatinsk-21," "Xaus" (nyob rau hauv g / chaw nres tsheb lub npe), raws li zoo raws li "Moldary" (lub zos twb incorporated rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kurchatov). them hwj chim thaum lub sij hawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas nws tau txiav txim siab los txo los ntawm ib nrab, mus txog 1.6 Mt.

kev kawm

Yuav kom txo tau cov hluav taws xob kis ntawm ib ncig infrastructure, nws twb txiav txim siab los qhib lub RDS-37 xwb nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 1500 meters saum av theem. Yuav kom txo tau qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov tawg nyob rau hauv aircraft carrier tau noj cov kauj ruam los ua kom qhov ntau thiab ntsuas kom txo tau cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm tshav kub nyob rau hauv nws. Lub TU-16 twb xaiv raws li tus cab kuj aircraft. Los ntawm cov hauv qab ntawm cov fuselage twb ntxuav cov kua roj vanish, tag nrho cov tsaus chaw tau pleev xim rau hauv dawb nqaij daim tawv, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hloov los ntawm ntau hluav taws resistant. Samu foob pob manned kaus poob los rau txo tso zis rau lub npaj qhov siab ntawm cov tawg.

Lub Soviet Union yog ua tib zoo npaj los mus ntsuam xyuas tshiab foob pob RDS-37. Tests tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw qhov chaw lotnom, aircraft-cab kuj khwb Mig-17, davhlau tswj cov khoom thiab cov ua nrog VS hais kom cov ntsiab lus.

Yuav kom sau rau saum huab cua kuaj los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm tus tawg thiab soj ntsuam lub zog ntawm tus neeg huab tau hais tseg ob peb IL-28. Kaum ib hlis 20, 1955, nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, 9 teev thiab 30 feeb, lub dav hlau nrog tshwj xeeb ncua mounted rau ib tug pob launched los ntawm ib tug airfield Jean-Families. Txawm li cas los, tej yam tsis mus raws li npaj.

thaum muaj xwm ceev qhov teeb meem no

Rau ib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov huab cua huab cua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev kuaj neeg nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm lub teb chaws Hmoob meteorologist EK Fedorov. Hnub yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb thiab hnub ci. Txawm li cas los, qhov xwm ntawm no nqi tau nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm kaw mus dhia-up cov huab cua muab phem, thiab lub ntuj clouded tshaj. Nws tau txiav txim siab los siv rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov radar installation on board lub aircraft, tab sis nws yog tawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Rau tag nrho cov kev thov neeg tuav xov tooj center xa tsuas yog ib hais kom ua: "Tos."

Muaj yog ib tug loj thaum muaj xwm ceev qhov teeb meem no. Tau yeej tsis tau nqa tawm ib tug yuam tsaws lub aircraft nrog ib tug thermonuclear foob pob nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Center xav ntau yam kev xaiv, xws li cov kws RDS-37 deb ntawm kev koom nyob rau hauv lub roob, nyob rau hauv lub "tsis yog ib tug bang", piv txwv li. E. Tsis triggering ib tug nuclear warhead tawg. Rau ntau yog vim li cas, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug muab tso tseg.

Thaum cov roj yog twb yuav luag pes tsawg, lub dav hlau tsaws tau tso cai. Qhov no yog ua tau tsuas yog tom qab Zel'dovich thiab Sakharov tus kheej tau kos npe rau ib daim ntawv lub tswv yim rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tsaws nrog ib tug hydrogen foob pob nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib.

tawg

Tom qab ob hnub ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas muaj tau ntse nqa tawm. Nrog rau cov cab kuj aircraft nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 12 km ntse pib dua lub RDS-37, uas pob tawg lawm nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 1550 meters. Tsiv ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 870 km / h, TU-16, nws yog nyob rau ib tug deb ntawm 15 km ntawm lub tawg, tab sis lub poob siab yoj tau mus txog rau nws raws nraim 224 vib nas this. Cov neeg coob xav tias ib tug muaj zog thermal ntxim rau cov raug chaw.

Tom qab 7 feeb tom qab lub tawg RDS-37 txoj kab uas hla "mushroom" mus txog 30 km, thiab nws qhov siab yog 14 km.