Hom ntawm nplooj ntawm cov ntoo thiab lawv cov functions (yees duab)

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas ntau cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov crowns thiab nplooj xwb, tag nrho lawv tu txog ib yam - lub ntiaj teb huab cua purification los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas yog ib qho unprecedented tooj ntawm throws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm noob neej, tus tsiaj ntiaj teb no, ib tug txawv cov txheej txheem. Muaj ntau yam kev thiab kev kawm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv precisely qhov seem ntawm Botany - "Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nplooj." Cov tsos ntawm tsob ntoo los yog tsob nroj txiv neej muaj peev xwm hloov, muab ib yam, txawm tias tus bizarre zoo. Tab sis rau txhiab tus tsiaj ntawm cov ntoo thiab nroj tsuag nplooj nyob twj ywm unchanged.

"Lub cev" ntawm daim ntawv

Nplooj - nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm cov kav system ntawm muaj ib tsob ntoo, tsob nroj los yog nroj tsuag. Composite ntawv feem muaj npe: phaj, petioles, stipules.

Phaj - qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj ib feem ntawm daim ntawv, nws yog tiaj tus nyob rau hauv tsos thiab muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas peb yuav npog tom qab.

Petiole - yog, tsuas muab tso rau, soj caum los ntawm cov uas ib daim ntawv phaj yog txuas mus rau ib tug ceg. Nyob rau hauv ib co nroj tsuag, lub petiole yog heev me me los yog tsis-existent.

Stipules - qhov thiaj li hu ua daim ntawv appendages uas yog nyob rau ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov nplooj, ob peb cov neeg tau pom thiab paub. Lub fact tias feem ntau cov nroj tsuag stipules poob tawm ua ntej daim ntawv yog tag nrho nthuav. Cov xwb yog ib co hom, xws li Acacia.

Lub botanical kev faib ntawm ntau hom ntawm nplooj. Duab hais hauv qab no.

Cov feem ntau - yog li qub nplooj (los yog yooj yim). Cov no yog cov hom ntawm nplooj uas muaj li ntawm ib zaug xwb nplooj. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug me ntsis tiaj tus, npawv, thiab dissected, ntau yam, xws li ntoo qhib los yog qos yaj ywm. Tej yam yooj yim nplooj raug muab faib ua peb subspecies: tag nrho, Lobed thiab dissected.

Nroj tsuag muaj ib zaug xwb daim ntawv

Hais lus ntawm tsob ntoo hom muaj nqis mentioning feem birch. Tsis rau ib yam dab tsi yog tsob ntoo no yog ib lub cim ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Birch yog thoob plaws thoob plaws sab qaum teb hemisphere, tab sis, nrog loj ntau ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia. birch nplooj - yooj yim, khoom, me ntsis nkhaus zoo nrog ib tug serrated ntug. Phaj uniform ntsuab xim, streaks - nyob rau hauv cov laus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, raws li yog lub npe hu, birch nplooj yuav daj.

Cov tib view siv rau lub nplooj thiab lwm yam ntau nyob rau hauv Russia tsob ntoo - lub Kua. no txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo nplooj loj, tiam sis muaj tib lub yam ntxwv: nws yog khoom, me ntsis serrated rau ntawm cov npoo, tus xim.

Aspen, lilac, poplar, elm, thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag muaj raws nraim tib daim ntawv daim ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tsuas yog ib tug botanical taw tes ntawm view lawv zoo sib xws rau txhua tus lwm yam, lwm sib txawv, ntawm chav kawm, muaj.

Qhov thib ob subtype - Lobed. Nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv no hom yoojyim ib co maple ntoo. Ib tug yam ntxwv - nplooj xwm li nyob rau hauv lub Canadian chij. Cov nplooj raug xa mus rau raws li ib tug duav, yog hais tias tus "thais" rau lawv sawv tsis pub tshaj ib tug plaub uas tag nrho cov cheeb tsam.

Nws yog ib tug yooj yim hniav daim ntawv. Yog hais tias tiag xav nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "Cov maple nplooj", txoj kev tshawb yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo. Cov ntoo yog ntau tshaj 50 hom, txhua yam uas yog tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog yeej, tab sis saib: los ntawm lub qhov siab, daim ntawv ceg thiab lub cev thiab xaus nrog ib tug view ntawm cov nplooj. Peb yuav tsis nyob rau hauv no.

Qhov thib peb subspecies yooj yim nplooj - yog dissected nplooj. Rau qhov zoo yog cov nplooj uas tau txiav ntau tshaj ib-quarter ntawm daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, zoo li ib tug dandelion, Tansy. Feem ntau, qhov no hom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lekastvennyh nroj tsuag thiab paj.

Nplooj nrog ib tug complex qauv

Hom ntawm cov ntoo thiab nroj tsuag yoojyim tsim ib tug thib ob loj pab pawg neeg - complex. Complex lawv yog hu ua cov vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug ob peb cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv muab faib ua ternate, palchatoslozhnye thiab pinnate.

muaj cov neeg sawv cev nrog ternate nplooj - lub vaj pos nphuab thiab cov tsiaj qus pos nphuab, clover. Lawv pom qhov txawv feature - tus peb nplooj nyob rau hauv ib tug petiole. Kev ntseeg ntawm clover nrog plaub nplooj yog kis los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam. Nrhiav ib tug nroj tsuag yog tsis tau.

Los ntawm palchatoslozhnym xws li nees chestnut nplooj, vaj teb lupine.

Los ntawm pinnate - txiv pos nplooj, roob tshauv, taum mog. Lawv kuj muaj lawv tus kheej subspecies: rau paripinnate yog cov uas nyob rau tom kawg ntawm tus kav ntawm ob nplooj, xws li cov taum mog, thiab nyob rau hauv khib pinnate - Rose, nws ua kom tiav ib tug soj caum.

Hom ntawm tsob nroj nplooj (phaj zoo)

Ntau nplooj yog txwv kom muab zais los ntawm hom thiab lamina:

1. Sib npaug.

Cov no muaj xws li ib tug houseplant, zoo li violet thiab vaj nasturtium, Aspen.

2. Dawb.

nplooj hom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv elm, hazel.

3. Cov lancing.

Predominate nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo thiab tsob nroj willow tsev neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li los ntawm ib tug hav txwv yeem hu ua Loch nyiaj.

4. qe-puab.

Qhov no lub npe nplooj yog tag nrho cov paub plantain

5. Tawm.

Tej daim ntawv hom predominates nyob rau hauv cereals, xws li rye.

Daim Ntawv puag daim ntawv - ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib feature rau kev sib faib. Raws li cov ntawm no lub parameter. nplooj yog:

• plawv-puab (raws li lilac);
• npoo (sorrel);
• arrowhead (arrowhead).

Daim Ntawv saum toj daim ntawv yog blunt, sharpened, npawv, bilobate.

Ib tug cais ntsiab - venation

Tam sim no xav txog cov nyhuv rau lub title ntawv ntawm nws veining.

Rau dicots yus reticulate venation. Nws yog ntawm ob hom: palmate (thaum tag nrho cov leeg tuaj tawm zoo li ib tug hnav ntawm ib puag) thiab Cirrus (thaum rau ntawm lub ntsiab leeg ceg tawm mus rau hauv me).

Nyob rau hauv monocots feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus los yog arcuate venation. Parallel - lub thinner nplooj (nplooj nplej, ntiv), arc - nyob rau sab nplooj (Lily ntawm cov hav).

Ib tug ob peb nthuav tseeb txog nplooj

• Nyuj nyoos yoojyim - lub fern hu ua maidenhair-tonkolistnik. Lawv thinner nyob rau hauv cov xwm tsuas tsis muaj.
• Lub sharpest nplooj - cov nyom putang. Cov neeg hauv zos hais tias qhov no nyom yog ib tug ntse riam.
• Ntau tshaj 45 lab cov nplooj ntawv - nyob rau hauv cypress.
• Ntau tshaj ob los xij yeej tsis hlob zoo nyob rau hauv lub Welwitschia.
• Dej Lily "Victoria" muaj nplooj nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm ntau tshaj ob meters.
• raffia xibtes nplooj ntev - 20 meters.
• Tsis yog txhua txhua cov nroj tsuag los lawv cov nplooj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Muaj cov neeg uas yog hu ua cov evergreen.

Hom thiab xim ntawm nplooj

Oddly, tab sis coloration ntawm daim ntawv feem ntau tsis envy yam ntawm nws daim ntawv no, tsis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cia li cog nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv daim duab no, yog tag nrho.

Li cas cov xim ntawm daim ntawv no yog muaj li? Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov, yuav luag tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog xim nyob rau hauv ntsuab xim vim muaj cov nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb xim - chlorophyll. Qhov no tshuaj yuav pab cov nroj tsuag muaj lawv cov zhiznedeyaelnost, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ua ib tug unprecedented ua kom pom tseeb: nyob rau hauv lub nruab hnub synthesizes zib los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Nyob rau hauv lem, qabzib yuav tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau tag nrho cov tseem ceeb as-ham.

Yog vim li cas nplooj tig daj?

Tsis tas li ntawd chlorophyll cog yoojyim muaj lwm yam coloring agents xws li xanthophylls, carotene, anthocyanins. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov, lawv feem nyob rau coloring yog tsawg heev heev, txij thaum lub concentration ntawm chlorophyll nyob rau hauv tsob nroj ntaub so ntswg saum toj no ib txhiab lub sij hawm. Tab sis, nrog rau lub qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej yog pib kom ploj, tus nqi ntawm cov chlorophyll pib kom txo tau. Nws yog noteworthy tias nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm holorofill puas lawm sai npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias tus Autumn yog tshav ntuj thiab sov, lub nplooj yuav tig daj thiab poob tawm.