Nuthatch Common: hauj lwm, vaj tse, tu tub tu kiv

Coachman, nuthatch los yog dog dig - ib tug me me noog ntawm tsev neeg nuthatch, uas yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv North Africa, Asia thiab teb chaws Europe. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv central Russia thiab nyob rau hauv Siberia. Muaj breeds nyob rau hauv mixed, deciduous thiab coniferous hav zoov, nyob rau hauv lub vaj thiab chaw ua si settlements. Nuthatch zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom noj nrog qhov agility tsiv los ntawm lub ceg thiab yeej ntawm cov ntoo, feem ntau upside down.

piav qhia

Qhov no me me rooj noj noog xeeb 14.5 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, muaj ib tug luj ntawm 25 g thiab ib tug wingspan ntawm 27 cm; nrog ib tug loj lub taub hau, tuab thiab yuav luag imperceptible, ib tug luv luv lub caj dab. Lub Plumage yog tuab, muag muag. Txheej txawv nyob ntawm seb cov vaj tse, lub lub cev yog li no yeej ib txwm muaj sib txawv ntxoov xiav-grey xim nqaij daim tawv. Nyob rau hauv Southwest Asia, Western teb chaws Europe thiab lub Caucasus muaj qhiav plab thiab dawb lub puab tsaig mus rau lub caj dab. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm nws uas tsis muaj dawb nrog liab sab, Ntxiv, chestnut podhvostem nrog streaks ntawm dawb xim.

Nuthatch zoo tib yam, cov duab uas yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nws muaj ib tug kiag li liab qab. Nyob rau hauv lub Far Eastern hom dawb plaub ob lub mis. Thaum cov huab kauj plaub yeej ib txwm muaj tej tee dawb dawb. From thaum pib ntawm lub kaus ncauj mus rau lub nape ntawm lub caj dab yog ib tug maub kab rov tav stripe. Kaus ncauj ntse, ncaj thiab ntev, grey. Thaum nws puag yuav muab xa mus rau pem hauv ntej txhav twg. Sib npaug tis, luv luv, muaj kaum thawj plaub. Luv, ncaj tus Tsov tus tw. Ob txhais ceg yog muaj zog, grey-xim av, nrog ib tug tenacious ntev claws, zoo kawg nkaus yoog mus rau ib qho active nce toj ntoo. Cov maum thiab txiv neej los ntawm txhua lwm yam outwardly tsis sib txawv, tsuas yog me ntsis loj tshaj tus txiv neej.

cheeb tsam

Nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm cov Palaearctic (feem ntau ntawm cov teb chaws Asia, Teb chaws Europe thiab qaum teb chaws Africa) yog thoob plaws nuthatch zoo tib yam. Noog cov duab uas hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no muaj nyob txhua txhia qhov chaw nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws los ntawm lub sab qaum teb ntug dej hauv cheeb tsam yog tsuas yog siv rau cov Dawb Hiav txwv, rau sab nce mus txog ntawm lub ob dej thiab lub zos ntawm UST-Tsilma; los ntawm sab qab teb - Saratov, Voronezh cheeb tsam, Kokshetau, lub yav qab teb Urals, Barnaul thiab Omsk. Sab nraum ntawm peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Kauslim, Tuam Tshoj, Taiwan thiab cov Japanese Islands tuaj; Nws nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Iran, Ua Ixayees, Indochina thiab lub Himalayan roob. Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Morocco.

vaj tse

Nuthatch zoo tib yam lub neej nyob rau hauv hav zoov - coniferous, deciduous thiab mixed, thaum xaiv cov cheeb tsam nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov laus thiab cov hav zoov ntoo ntoo, uas yog tab tom nrhiav rau cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd nkag settles nyob rau hauv chaw ua si thiab lub vaj nrog ntxhov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam thiab western Europe prefers deciduous hav zoov, uas yog yeej los ntawm hornbeam, ntoo qhib, beech.

Nuthatch siv mus cuag cov tom hav zoov-tundra nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv yav qab teb - steppe cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas nws nests nyob rau hauv hav zoov thiab riparian forests. Nyob rau hauv lub Far East thiab Siberia, qhov twg feem ntau loj hlob coniferous hav zoov, nyob feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov uas muaj ntau ntau larch thiab cedar. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub fragmentation ntawm hav zoov arrays, feem ntau ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm ntau hom, fertility yog tsis cov nuthatch.

Nuthatch zoo tib yam (cov duab yuav pom nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) ua ib tug sedentary lub neej, thiab feem ntau, nws adheres rau tib qhov chaw, yog hais tias koj tsis thab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab taiga nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub cheeb tsam cov noog mus rau sab qab teb nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Lub sij hawm no ntawm lub xyoo yuav tuaj koom nrog rau lwm cov noog (mas cov tits), tab sis lawv tsis tsim packs. Hwv noog tiv thaiv koj qhov chaw tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig.

tu tub tu kiv

Thaum pib ntawm yug me nyuam rau lub caij ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv lub latitude. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv central Russia lawv pib ua zes nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, thaum nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Tej zaum. Noog yog niam (tsuas yog ib tus poj niam lees paub rau ib tug txiv neej); khub niam txiv thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej dim.

Nuthatches nws walled hollow av nplaum, yog li ces tsuas ib tug me me notches.

daug lawm

Nuthatch vulgaris, uas muaj cov duab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm brooding tsis tu tsis tseg, ua unnoticeable. Poj niam incubates, thaum nws yoojyim rau zes xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai, yav tas los muaj them masonry ntaub pua chaw pw. Ncu tus kab mob kav ob lub lis piam. Tom ntej no daug lawm me nyuam qaib yog them nrog nyias ntev cia rau nws rov qab, lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub taub hau. Tu los ntawm ob niam txiv, los coj lawv cov zaub mov rau 350 lub sij hawm ib hnub twg. Cov me nyuam qaib nyob rau hauv lub tis tom qab 25 hnub, txawm hais tias txawm li 1-2 lub lis piam kom pub rau nws cov niam txiv thiab ces dispersed.

Cov yooj yim npaum li cas ntawm cov tub ntxhais noog mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tos nws tus kheej qhov chaw, tab sis, nrog rau cov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug khub thiab cov noog ua zes rau thaj tsam kiag li txiav txim siab los ntawm cov chaw nram qab no caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Noog nyob rau hauv lub qus nyob txog kaum ib xyoos.

hollow

Noog nuthatch zoo tib yam nests nyob rau hauv hollows, tab sis, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tib lub woodpeckers, tsis tau gouge ib tug hollow nws tus kheej, yog li ntawd, siv lub qub zes los yog coj tej yam ntuj tso kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv ntoo. Hollow xaiv ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 4-8 meters saum toj no rau hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob zes thawv los ntawm cov khoom cua txhais tau tias. Feem ntau, yog ib tug txaus loj qhib lawv obscure nws av nplaum los tiv thaiv ntau yam txhom intermittently nws nws nrog quav, ces tsuas ib tug me me tapholes txoj kab uas hla mus txog 35 hli. Tej lub sij hawm cov av nplaum smeared li nws tus kheej hollow thiab cheeb tsam surrounding.

Lub hollow hauv yog lined nrog me me dos nyias sab sauv txheej ntawm lub Cortex, tej zaum - Nplooj slices. Lush ntaub pua chaw pw - qe nyob rau hauv nws ze li ntawm tag submerged.