Hluavtaws polymers

Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj kev siv ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm polymers, tej zaum, tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam muaj ib tug ntawm cov niaj hnub ntau lawm. Lawv yeej ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv heavy kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries. Yuav ua li cas yog no miraculous khoom?

Yuav ua li cas yog polymers

Cob - yog ib tug macromolecular tshuaj muaj rov muaj dua saw lug (monomers). Tej units nyob rau hauv lub polymer saw yuav tsis tshua muaj ntau npaum li cas. Lawv sis raug zoo nrog txhua lwm yam los ntawm txoj kev covalent bonds uas txhawb lub tsim ntawm lub macromolecules.

Polymers yog organic los yog inorganic keeb kwm. Cov organic molecular tebchaw, lub xub ntiag ntawm carbon yog yuav tsum tau, uas yog tsis tseem ceeb rau cov inorganic los yog hluavtaws lug. Organic polymeric tebchaw yog lub caij-carbon-saw thiab hetero.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub polymers tseem muab faib mus rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, dag thiab hluavtaws. Wherein cov organic monotsepey los ntawm tej yam tshuaj tshua npaj raws li dag macromolecular compound. Piv txwv li, paj rwb ntaub plaub los yog los ntawm ib tug tshuaj txheej txheem, yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv hluavtaws polymeric fibers.

Thiab yog dab tsi nta ntawm cov khoom cua polymers ntawm cov khoom cua? Niaj hnub nimno raug dab tso cai rau cov creation ntawm ib tug dag los yog synthesizing polymers tsis muaj kev siv ntawm cov organic teeb meem, uas yog, tus tsim ntawm cov khoom cua cov ntaub ntawv. Synthetic polymers yog npaj los ntawm tej yam yooj yim synthesis ntawm tsawg-molecular tshuaj los yog los ntawm lwm hluavtaws polymeric cov ntaub ntawv.

kev faib ntawm polymers

Conditional systematization dlhos lawv mus rau hauv cov nram no pawg:

1. Ntuj tsiaj polymers siv los ntawm noob neej rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Piv txwv yog lub nram qab no: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Ntuj cog polymers, uas peb tseem paub. Qhov no starch, roj hmab, cellulose thiab lignin.

3. Ntuj mineral polymers - yog dav siv silica los yog quartz mineral hu ua pob zeb siv lead ua. Pleev xim rau siv lead ua ua ib tug zoo zoo nkauj tshooj zeb - amethyst. Nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab hauv lub niaj zaus cov xuab zeb.

4. Dag polymers ua los ntawm organic monomers. Cellulose tshuaj leaching siv polyesters ua: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza thiab methylcellulose siv nyob rau hauv cov xim muaj hlau kev lag luam. Muaj coob tus xws tshuaj no yog ua los ntawm ntaub plaub, tawv, plaub, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

5. Khoom cua polymers yog lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau industrial cov nplais, peb tau txais ib lossis loj kis. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teeb kev lag luam yog woven thiab knitted fabrics ntawm cov khoom cua fibers xws li polyester, nylon, polypropylene, nitrone. Lawv yog cov muaj zog heev thiab zoo indelible. Synthetic polymers cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev rau lub yooj yim qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg fibers tau los ntawm polycondensation ntawm tej yam tshuaj acids xws li ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, ib tug polyolefin los yog polyacrylonitrile. Yog li ntawd, qhov yooj yim zoo polimerov- "pog koob yawg koob" yog kis tau, thiab ib tug nkaus tshiab polisoedineniyam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, peb tau txais ib lub teeb heev thiab elastic ntaub ntawv nrog tsawg cua sov conductivity, yog resistant mus tshuaj, lub cev thiab atmospheric los.

Tsaug rau lub ntau yam tseem ceeb cov khoom, khoom cua polymers tau pom daim ntawv thov tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab naj hoom kev lag luam, ua liaj ua teb, automotive, siv, tsev neeg thiab lwm yam liaj teb.