Dilute sulfuric acid

Tsis muaj kob khov kua, cov kub kub uas yog 269,2 ° C, thiab tej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus - 1.83 g / ml ntawm ambient kub (20º) - qhov no yog sulfuric acid. Lub melting point ntawm no substance yog tsuas 10,3ºS.

Cov theem ntawm concentration ntawm sulfuric acid yog lom zem ntau lub txiav txim tau rau nws siv nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS thiab muaj ntau lawm. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, muaj ob theem pib pa division concentration ntau ntau, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj qha kev txiav txim zoo, rau kev hais txog zauv qho uas txawv ntawm lawv yog tsis yooj yim sua. Raws li qhov no faib faib nta sulfuric acid thiab concentrated sulfuric acid.

Interacting nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov hlau xws li hlau, zinc, magnesium, qhov no tshuaj tawm hydrogen thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, los ntawm reacting nrog cov hlau tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, uas nws mis yog sau raws li nram no: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias nta sulfuric acid, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm nws lub zog raws li ib tug muaj zog oxidizer, suab tsis hnov mob nrog co nrog cov uas tsis muaj kev ua si - tooj liab, silver, kub.

Ua ib tug muaj zog oxidant, lub compound muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm oxidizing ib tug ntev heev daim ntawv teev cov co, cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws tau lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb uas muaj ntau lawm.

Feem ntau, los ntawm reacting nrog sib active tshuaj, xws li magnesium los yog sodium, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau los ntawm cov leej faj oxide (IV), thiab yog hais tias cov active tshuaj yog hlau, lub resulting cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) thiab leej faj (S ). Cov active co yog calcium, poov tshuaj, magnesium twb hais thiab lwm tus neeg.

Anhydrous, los yog lwm tus nws yog hu ua, mas concentrated sulfuric acid, tsis muaj zog los yog ntau heev tsis nrog co, xws li hlau, vim hais tias hlau muaj ib tug heev tsawg tshuaj ua si. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov kev sib tshuam yuav pab tsuas yog tus tsim nto ntawm lub alloy muaj hlau, ib tug khoom zaj duab xis, nyob rau hauv uas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li oxides. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias diluted sulfuric acid, thiab qhov ntau concentrated, muab cia thiab thauj nyob rau hauv ntim dua ua los ntawm cov hlau: titanium, txhuas, npib tsib xee.

Qhov no tshuaj yog tau oxidize uas tsis yog-hlau, thiab txawm qhia lawv oxidative khoom nyob rau hauv lub tshua ntawm complex tshuaj, dab tsi yog qhov txo cov neeg ua hauj. Lub cim ntawm xws tshua yog txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm concentration, uas muaj cov nta sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, ib yam khoom uas, tsis hais txog ntawm lub concentration qib muaj ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv zog muaj los ntawm lwm cov acids. Piv txwv li, nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm interacting nrog oxides, ua rau kev rho tawm ntawm lub ntsev. Cov tib yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sis raug zoo nrog hydroxides. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, dilute sulfuric acid, lub mis ntawm uas tus H2SO4, yog ib tug dibasic compound, uas kuj ntaub ntawv muaj tej yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau nws cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tshuam nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj. Lub ntsiab yog tej yam uas ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsev ntawm cov kev sib tshuam yog tsim ob hom ntawm nruab nrab (ib tug concentrated acid), ntsev - sulfates thiab diluted mus - acid ntsev, hydrosulfates.

Raws li twb tau sau tseg, dilute sulfuric acid - ib tug tseem ceeb thiab muaj kev siv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ua lag luam. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev sectors kuj multifaceted. Yog li, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom cua fibers, thiab ntau hom yas, chiv, dyes. Acid zog demanded nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub metallurgical kev lag luam nws yog indispensable nyob rau hauv lub zus tau tej cov hlau, tab sis kuj tau lug siv raws li ib tug roj tshuab.

Derivatives ntawm sulfuric acid - sulphate - koom siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam - nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov xim tsev, daim ntawv, roj hmab, plaster, thiab tshaj.