Bekkerel Anri, Fabkis physicist: biography, qhib

Koj puas paub tias leej twg nrhiav tau radioactivity? Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog tus zaum uas yuav mus rau txoj kev kawm. Henri Becquerel - Fabkis physicist thiab Nobel laureate. Nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau hauv 1896 sab radioactivity ntawm uranium ntsev.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb paub txog

Bekkerel Anri yug Hlis ntuj nqeg 15, 1852 nyob rau hauv Paris, Cuvier lub tsev, uas twb muaj los ntawm lub National tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Natural History. Nrog lub tsev no twb kev cob cog rua nrog lub neej ntawm txhua tus mej zeej ntawm lub illustrious dynasty Becquerel. Yawg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1788-1878), yog thawj tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences, thiab txij li thaum 1838 - nws tus thawj tswj hwm. Ntawm minerals, nqa lawv, yog lug paub. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws kawm lawv magnetic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, neeg kho tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub tsev muaj ib cim sau los ntawm cov qauv, uas ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, tus tub Antuana Sezara. Tus txiv neej no (lub neej xyoo - 1820-1891) kuj kawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences thiab ua nws cov thawj tswj hwm nyob rau hauv 1880. Raws li tus txiv Anri Bekkerelya nws yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm physics thiab tau txais kev pab raws li cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Natural History.

Tus thawj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Henri

Thaum Henry muaj 18 xyoo, nws tau pab nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb fawb thiab los ua nws pab. Nws yog ces hais tias nws tsim ib qho kev txaus nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm photography thiab phosphorescence, uas tseem nrog Becquerel rau lub neej. Qhov no txaus siab tau pub Antuan Anri, nws tus tub. Phau Ntawv Anri Bekkerelya "Lub teeb, nws ua thiab cov kev ua" tom qab los ua ib tug phau ntawv rau Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, yawg ntawm peb hero, twb tau them zoo xim rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Tus tub los ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau tso cai Antoine, uas yeej tsis pom nws zoo heev muaj peev xwm, tseem xav hais tias nws yuav mus deb.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum thiab lub Ecole Polytechnique

Cov huab cua uas prevailed nyob rau hauv lub tsev Cuvier, pab mus rau tsim ntawm sib sib zog nqus thiab loj txaus siab Henri physics. Tub pom tias nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum Louis Legrand. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, nws yog muaj hmoo nrog cov xib fwb. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19, nyob rau hauv 1872, Bekkerel Anri kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Nws ces hais ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Ecole Polytechnique. Los ntawm cov thawj xyoo tus tub hluas pib los mus nqa tawm lawv tus kheej kev tshawb fawb. Tom qab kis tau lub sij hawm no sim kev txawj ntse nws yog heev pab tau.

Cov xwm txheej no nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub neej, cov thawj ntawv

Thaum kawm tiav los ntawm Henry pib ib tug 3-xyoo lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev pab nyob rau ntawm lub lub koom haum ntawm Communications, qhov twg nws nqa tawm lub engineering kev ua si. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws yuav tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug xib fwb ntawm physics. Tus ntxhais hu ua Lyusi Zhamen. Nws tau ntsib nws rov qab nyob rau hauv lub lyceum xyoo. Txawm li cas los, tsev neeg hmoov zoo paub txog yog short-lived. Bekkerel Anri poob nws tus poj niam, uas cia li muab 20 xyoo. Nws tshuav nws cov me nyuam mos tub Jean.

Science tau pab Henry kom ciaj sia no tsis tau. Tus paub txog tus khoos kas nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv 1875 nws tuav lub thawj ntawv ntawm Anri Bekkerelya (nyob rau hauv lub "Journal de physicist"). Nws tsab xov xwm pom, thiab 24-xyoo-laus tus paub txog twb nug los ua ib tug pab qhia nyob rau Ecole Polytechnique. Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no 20 xyoo tom qab, nws yog ib tug twb tau xibfwb.

Ua hauj lwm nrog nws txiv, nws txiv doctoral dissertation

Bekkerel Anri nyob rau hauv 1878, pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Natural History, qhov twg nws yog pab rau nws tus txiv. Nyob rau hauv general ntsiab ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm nws tau raug mob nrog rau lub cheeb tsam, thiab Magneto-kho qhov muag siv lead ua optics. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus neeg tshawb fawb nqa tawm ib qho kev nthuav txoj kev tshawb no ntawm yuav ua li cas lub dav hlau rotates nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb, lub polarization ntawm lub teeb. Nws yog ib tug xav paub phenomenon sab Maykl Faradey. Txhua txhua hnub, menyuam cov kev kawm tau ntawm nws tus tub, uas yog twb paub raws li ib tug zoo kawg experimenter, Henry tus txiv yog txaus siab ntawm nws. Henri Becquerel nyob rau hauv 1888 nthuav nws doctoral thesis ntawm lub Sorbonne. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib tug continuation ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws txiv thiab nws yawg, raws li zoo raws li lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib xyoo caum ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau. Nws tau lug qhuas.

Kev ua hauj lwm thiab ib tug tshiab sib yuav

Anri Bekkerel ib xyoos tom qab los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws tau raug tsa Secretary ntawm lub cev sib cais. 3 xyoos tom qab, Henry yog ib tug twb tau xib fwb ntawm lub National tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Natural History. Nws ob sib yuav, 14 xyoo tom qab widowhood, yog hais txog mus rau tib lub sij hawm.

Ib qho tseem ceeb foundations los ntawm kev huam yuaj

Yog hais tias nws tsis yog tus yuav cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav tau recalled hais tias tus paub txog tsuas yog raws li conscientious thiab cov neeg txawj experimenter, tab sis tsis npaum li cas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb heev tshwm sim. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws tau lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no Anri Bekkerel. Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog qhov no tus paub txog yog heev heev, tiam sis feem ntau nthuav, tej zaum, vim lub fact tias nws sab radioactivity.

Lub peb hlis ntuj 1 Anri Bekkerel kawm nyob rau hauv nws kuaj luminescence ntawm uranium ntsev. Muaj tiav ua hauj lwm, nws muab rau hauv ib tug opaque thiab tuab dub ntawv qauv (coated uranium ntsev patterned hlau phaj). Tus paub txog muab tus qauv nyob rau hauv lub thawv uas photographic phiaj, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tub rau khoom thiab kaw lub tub rau khoom. Tom qab ib tug thaum Henry coj tawm ib lub thawv ntawm photographic daim hlau. Nws pom lawv, feem ntau yuav, tom qab nws tus cwj pwm kom zoo xyuas tag nrho cov. Tus kws tshawb fawb yog puzzled, vim hais tias nws nrhiav tau tias rau ib co yog vim li cas lawv twb illuminated. Henry pom cov duab ntawm lub patterned hlau phaj uas yog sov ua licas tshwm sim. Yuav ua li cas yuav nws piav txog nws? Lub teeb yuav tsis tau rau lub phaj. Yog li ntawd, raws li to taub Becquerel, ib co lwm yam rays los no cov nyhuv.

Kawm ntxiv txog lub rays sab los ntawm cov Becquerel

Physicists twb paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm rays uas ua rau blackening ntawm photographic phiaj, thiab yog pom mus rau lub qhov muag. Cia li rau lub hlis ua ntej Röntgen ua nws sensational foundations. Tus foundations ntawm X-rays - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm physics. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, txhua leej txhua tus twb tham txog nws. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim li cas daim ntawv ceeb toom, uas ua rau ib tug physicist Anri Bekkerel nyob rau hauv Paris Academy ntawm Sciences Lub peb hlis ntuj 2, 1896, tau ntsib nrog ntse txaus siab. Tus paub txog May 12, qhia lawv txog lub zoo meej qhib ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Natural History, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug loj cov neeg tuaj saib. Thiab ces nws hais txog nws nyob rau Paris International Congress nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 1900. By lub sij hawm no, ib tug neeg sab radioactivity, tau pom tau hais tias lawv kuaj tawg - yog tsis luminescence. Nws tseem yog tsis zoo li lwm nto moo tawg physicists. Nyob rau hauv los yog tshuaj los ntawm lub cev (siab, cua kub thiab thiaj li nyob. D.) Influences nws yeej tsis hloov li. Kuv yuav tsis tswj kom nrhiav tau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws cov kev siv. Nws ciali hais tias ib co inexhaustible qhov chaw ci no lub zog.

Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas nws twb paub hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm invisible rays sab los ntawm cov Becquerel, tsis tsuas yuav ua rau blackening ntawm photographic daim hlau. Lawv kuj tsim thiab lwm yam kev ua ub no, xws li lom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj Becquerel, uas yog nyob rau hauv nws lub hnab tshos, tsim ulcers. Lawv tsis kho rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Txij thaum ntawd los, zaum tau pib mus rau muab tso rau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub thawv.

Kev koom tes nrog M. thiab Pierre Curie

Ntawm cov neeg uas txaus siab nyob rau hauv Becquerel ua lub foundations, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm koj zaum. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg Anri Puankare thiab D. I. Mendeleeva, uas qhia tshwj xeeb uas tuaj txog rau Paris mus nrhiav tau nws sau. Tsis tas li ntawd cov no zaum yog cov ob peb Marie thiab ib Kyuri. Paj Curie tau coj mus rau ib qho tseem ceeb tau. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations ntawm radioactivity txuas ntxiv hais tias cov nram qab no twb pom tawm: nws puv, nws yog xam qhovkev, tsuas yog uranium thiab ib co lwm yam tshuaj hais, txawm hais tias mus ua degrees. Zaum txuas ntxiv mus rau kawm lub cev sab los ntawm cov xwm Becquerel rays. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov nyhuv ntawm lub zog tau qhib, originating nyob rau hauv lub tej lwj, thiab lub ntxias radioactivity thiab lwm tus neeg.

yuav tsum tau txais kev lees paub

Cov koj tau Anri Bekkerelya tau txais paub nws deserves. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau caw tuaj rau lub noob nom noob tswv Society of London. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences muab Henry tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau ces insignia. Becquerel Lub yim hli ntuj 8, 1900 nyob rau hauv Paris, hais nyob rau ntawm lub International Congress ntawm lub cev, qhov uas nws nyeem lub ntsiab daim ntawv qhia.

Lub Nobel nqi zog

Tom qab 3 lub xyoo, nws twb muab tsub lub Nobel Peace nqi zog (ua ke nrog Maria thiab Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. Nws biography yog nthuav thiab lub fact tias qhov no tus paub txog yog thawj Frenchman uas coj cov Nobel puav pheej nyob rau hauv Paris. Curies, hmoov tsis, yuav tsis tuaj mus rau tau txais nws nyob rau hauv Stockholm. Rau lawv cov Nobel nqi zog twb muab tsub rau lub Fabkis minister.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Zoo siab txais tos, honors, thoob ntiaj teb paub - tag nrho cov no awaits Anri Bekkerelya. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis tau hloov txoj kev ua neej. Tus paub txog kom txog thaum lub hnub nyoog kawg tseem mob siab rau science siab mos siab muag neeg ua hauj lwm. Anri Bekkerel, cov lus qhib ntawm cov uas twb thiaj li tseem ceeb rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm, tuag nyob rau hauv Le Croisic (Brittany) nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 55 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv nws yawm, npe hu ua Craters rau Mars thiab lub hli, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev ntawm qhov radioactivity - Bq. Lub npe ntawm tus paub txog yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Fabkis zaum, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov thawj pem teb ntawm lub Eiffel Tower.

Txoj hmoo ntawm Jean Bekkereya

Nws yog kev vam meej kev kawm ua hauj lwm thiab Zhana Bekkerelya. Nws yog ib tug tsim nyog successor mus rau nws txiv. Qhov no paub txog yug rau lub ob hlis ntuj 5, 1878 nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas txhua yam ua hauj lwm Becquerel. Nws lub neej yog ntev. Tus kws tshawb fawb tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 75 xyoo, raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences thiab ib tug renowned physicist.

tshiab tej teeb meem

Zoo li tag nrho cov yeej tseem zoo tshiab uas xws li cov qhib ntawm lub zog-txuag technologies, cov nrhiav kom tau ntawm radioactivity tau muab zaum xwb tsis teb. Nws kuj tau muab nce mus rau tshiab teeb meem thiab txoj kev sib tw. Yuav ua li cas mechanism underlies tej lwj? Yuav ua li cas kev ua tsim rays, thiab yog vim li cas? Nyob rau cov no thiab lwm cov lus nug zaum tseem tsis muaj ib tug tag nrho cov lus teb.