Yuav ua li cas yog lub polarization ntawm lub teeb?

Yog hais tias cloudless lub caij nplooj zeeg hnub mus saib lub ntuj, lub ci ntsa iab bright xia dome lub tsev ntawm lub ntuj yuav tsis tawm leej twg indifferent. Yuav ua li cas qhia txog xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus xim? Nws yog vim li cas yog lub peb yam - refraction, kev tawg ri niab thiab polarization. Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus ntawv peb tham txog dab tsi raws nraim yog tus polarization ntawm lub teeb.

Teeb yog ib tug ntawm cov hom ntawm electromagnetic tawg, yog li ntawd, yog yus muaj los ntawm lub hauv paus thiab coj. Ntxiv mus, ib tug yuav tsum tsis nco qab txog nws cov dual xwm: nyob rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, raws li twb tau hais, yog ib tug yoj, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam - particle (photon). Polarization ntawm lub teeb - yog ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej tawg nyob rau hauv lub kho qhov muag ntau yam. Thaum lub polarization hloov mus hloov los ntawm lub teeb beam ntawm hais qhia rau lub transverse nto, yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug thiab tib lub dav hlau. Lwm yam Cheebtsam yog txiav.

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav nkag siab txog cov piv txwv ntawm dab lub polarization ntawm lub teeb. Sawv cev rau lub ntev hlua pov tseg horizontally nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Cov hlua kis tau los ntawm ib tug ntsug qhov nyob rau hauv lub phaj-ntaub thaiv npog. Tam sim no, Yog hais tias ib kawg ntawm nws tuaj tos thiab daim ntawv tsis, lawv mus txog cov lus rov xaus xwb nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias yog mus raws li nrog lub txoj kab txiav nyob rau hauv lub ntaub thaiv npog, ie, mas. Thaum koj sim kom tshem tau cov hlua horizontally (sab laug-sab xis) yoj yuav tau them rov qab sai li sai tau raws li ncav qhov ntaub thaiv npog, vim hais tias nws tsis "nyem" thoob plaws lub ntxi. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, ib tug hlua - ib tug electromagnetic tawg ntaub thaiv npog - ib tug pob tshab (los yog translucent nruab nrab), thiab cov kis - tej khoom teejtug uas yog qhov nruab nrab.

Txij li thaum lub teeb - yog ib tug electromagnetic yoj, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus siv vectors. Lawv yog cov yeej ib txwm perpendicular mus rau txhua lwm yam thiab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau notional dav hlau perpendicular mus rau hauv txoj kab ntawm lub yoj propagation. Incidentally, lub yeej polarization ntawm lub teeb tshwm sim yog hais tias tus vectors ntawm magnetic induction thiab hluav taws xob field qhia yog rotated txheeb ze mus rau lub teeb beam. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub oscillations ntawm cov vector ntawm lub electric teb siv nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau ntawm lub dav hlau polarized electromagnetic yoj tshwm sim. Nws lub npe nrab reflecting tib txoj kev - lub "linearly polarized."

Interestingly, cov tawg ntawm atoms ntawm ib quantum ntawm lub teeb yog ib txwm polarized. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub luminous flux ntawm lub teeb, lub hnub, taws tswm ciab, Planning ahead is thiab li ntawd. Unpolarized. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov tawg los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm atoms, nyob rau hauv uas lub polarization yog sib txawv. Raws li, tag nrho cov txaus loses orientation. Polarization ntawm lub teeb mus rau ib tug twg zoo kawg thiab nyob rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub substance los yog kev kho ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv nws cov siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo (rau khib nyiab, e.g., pob tshab muaju). Incidentally, tus thawj me nyuam tau ua nrog cov muaju, thiab xwb ces, zaum tau them xim rau cov gaseous puag ncig (cua). Nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub hais tias lub polarization ntawm lub teeb yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm ib tug observer (sensor, ib tug photocell, etc.). Yog li, ua lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw thiab ib tug vector qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nqaj, lub polarization tsub kom. Yog hais tias cov lus qhia yog thaum uas tig mus, nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob, muaj yog tsis muaj polarization.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug thib peb embodiment - cov polarized teeb flux. Qhov no configuration tshwm sim thaum lub predominant oscillation hluav taws xob field los yog sib nqus induction (ntawm vectors).

Ib tug mas fact: tus tib neeg lub qhov muag tau yooj yim qhov txawv ntawm cov wavelength (xim nam ntawm lub teeb) thiab khov, tab sis lub polarization sau npe yog muaj kov. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntau cov kab nrog compound ob lub qhov muag txig paub qhov txawv cov polarization ntawm lub yoj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yuav pab lawv rau next.