Yuav ua li cas yog nws, tus dative nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus?

Lavxias teb sab lus muaj rau tus neeg mob, uas qhia qhov kev cwj pwm ntawm npe nyob rau hauv kab lus: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Ib tug ntawm cov oblique mob yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus lub dative. Nws occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw piv rau lwm yam oblique cov ntaub ntawv, vim nws yog pom zoo rau lawv nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj ib tug semantics.

Dative qhia tus kwv uas qhov kev txiav txim yog qhia rau cov lo lus uas peb (piv txwv li, sau ntawv mus rau nws tus muam, los pab cov niam txiv) rau tus kwv (xws li, mus kev zoo siab yug, yuav mus rau tus me nyuam) rau tus kwv raws li txoj cai thiab cov khoom (xws li, muab siab npuab mus rau saum toj, siab mus rau nws tus tswv). Nws qhia lub ratio, uas txiav txim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kwv (Hymn rau Labor), yog siv nyob rau hauv tsis zoo li neeg ua ke rau kis tau tus mob mob ntawm cov kev kawm (tus me nyuam yog unwell, kuv xav mus pw tsaug zog). Dative cov lus teb rau lo lus nug (koj muaj peev xwm tej zaum lub hlwb hloov lo lus "muab") "Leej twg?", "Dab tsi?", "Qhov twg?", "Qhov twg?".

Dative, piv nrog rau lwm cov oblique mob, tej zaum yuav siv muaj tsawg primitives prepositions ( "k" thiab ""). Nyob rau hauv prislovnoy txoj hauj lwm dative nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus nrog lub preposition "mus rau" tej zaum yuav pab tau raws li tuav thiab nyob ntaub ntawv (xa mus rau tus nto moo tshaj sayings) muaj cov kwv tus nqi (kev hwm rau cov niam txiv) muaj attributive nqi (nyob rau hauv qhov chaw: tuaj rau hauv lub rooj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm : sov thaum tav su; rau lub hom phiaj thiab muaj nuj nqi: khoom noj khoom haus rau noj hmo).

Nyob rau hauv neprislovnoy txoj hauj lwm dative nrog lub preposition "mus rau" yog teem predictive kos npe rau (muaj peev xwm mus hu nkauj), tus kwv tus nqi thaum txiav txim (rau qhov no tiab lacks ib yam dab tsi kaj), hais tias nrhiav kom tau qhov tseem ceeb thiab adverbial ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm (nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj rhaub). Thaum txoj kev siv cov preposition "ntawm" nyob rau hauv prislovnoy txoj hauj lwm dative muaj cov nram qab qhov tseem ceeb: kwv (khob ntoo, nco kuv tus tij laug), hais tias nrhiav kom tau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw (mus rau hauv txoj kev), lub sij hawm (pw tsaug zog thaum hmo ntuj), ua (hais los ntawm yuam kev) hom phiaj (hu kom paub tseeb). Nyob rau hauv neprislovnoy txoj hauj lwm - qhov no yog tus nqi ntawm predictive kos npe rau (longing rau niam txiv tsev), subjective nqi (tag nrho cov sab laug rau hauv phau ntawv), thiab hais tias nrhiav kom tau tus nqi (nyob rau hnub Sunday lub khw yog tsis khiav).

Dative txuam nrog xws li nepervoobraznymi prepositions: raws li txwv mus rau (hais) los ntawm (kuv niam), contrary (rau nws tus kheej), tom qab (lub tuam txhab), nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm (txoj hmoo ntawm), nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau (cov xib fwb), raws li rau (daim ntawv cog lus), raws li (lub hom phiaj ), raws li cov (tus naj npawb ntawm). Thaum declension ntawm npe tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov dative cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kawg ntawm uas nyob ntawm seb lub hom declination ntawm lub npe ntawm ib tus. Npe yog npe kuv declination (txiv neej thiab poj niam, xaus nyob rau hauv "s", "th") nyob rau hauv lub dative txoj yog "-e", "s" nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj (piv txwv li, leej niam, cov phab ntsa, keeb kwm, tus phauj ) thiab "-am", "-yam" - ntau tshaj ib (e.g., cov niam txiv ntxawm).

Npe thib ob declination (txiv neej thiab neuter nrog pes tsawg kawg thiab xaus nyob rau hauv "-o") muaj lub zoo tshaj kaw "y", "th" (e.g., qhov rai, cov lus) thiab ntau tshaj chisla- "-am", "- qho to "(e.g., qhov rai, tables) nyob rau hauv lub dative. Lub npe ntawm cov npe ntawm peb declension (xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug mos mos kos npe rau) nyob rau hauv lub dative txoj yog "s" nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj (piv txwv li, mus rau lub hmo ntuj ntawm cov ntaub) thiab "-am", "-yam" - nyob rau hauv lub plural (piv txwv li, thaum hmo ntuj rau cov nqaij).