Nyob rau hauv ib tug computer ntaus ntawv yog ua los ua cov ntaub ntawv nws tau txais? Raws li tus txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw? Yuav ua li cas hom kev ntaus ntawv yog siv? Yuav ua li cas yog nws prospects?
Yuav ua li cas processor computer?
Qhov no microprocessor (kev Circuit Court) los yog ib tug hluav taws xob unit, executing tshuab cov lus qhia (rau muab tso rau nws tsuas, txoj kev pab code). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev kho vajtse ntawm lub computer. Tej zaum nws lub npe ntxiv rau lub prefix "micro". Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb computer ntaus ntawv rau cov zauv ntaub ntawv. Wb zaydom keeb kwm. Chiv, lub sij hawm "ua tsev" piav qhia txog ib tug tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm logic tshuab uas twb yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua txoj computer programs. Maj mam, muaj ib cov kev hloov ntawm lub npe ntawm ib tug ntaus ntawv rau nws ib feem. Cov kev siv, architecture thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm processors, txij li thaum lawv tshwm sim ntau tshaj li ib zaug hloov. Tab sis functionality tseem tib yam li ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv nrug muaj feem luj txhua ntsuas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub nram qab no tsis: kev ua tau zoo, moos ceev, lub hwj chim, architecture, cov qauv lithographic txheej txheem. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas lub computer ntaus ntawv yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua.
prospects
Khoos phib tawj raws li ib tug universal cov lus ntaus ntawv yog lossi tau zoo tuaj. Qhia, nws hais tias niaj hnub processors sai ncav cuag lawv cov lub cev txwv, yog li lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav hloov radically. Paub qhov txawv cov kev xaiv:
- Molecular computers. Qhov no xam system, uas yuav pab tau los ntawm lub caij ntawm molecules (nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav - Organic). Lawv siv lub tswv yim ntawm realization ntawm possibilities ntawm atoms thiab lawv kev kho nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
- Kho qhov muag computers. Nyob rau hauv cov electrons ua ke mus rau kis Pib ntsais koj teeb yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov photons.
- Quantum computers. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, lawv ua hauj lwm yuav tsum yog raws li nyob rau hauv quantum los. Tam sim no khwb khuav tsim ua hauj lwm versions ntawm cov processors. Danae computer cov lus technology yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau pheej.
Lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm lub megahertz
Ib me ntsis txog tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov lus los ntawm ib tug computer. ntau cov zoo tib yam cov neeg siv tau txais kev pom zoo hais tias lub siab moos zaus ntawm ib tug processor, lub peev xwm loj nws boasts. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb nkaus. Xws li ib tug assertion yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv rau cov processors uas yog tuav tseg ntawm tib architecture thiab microarchitecture.
Tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation?
Tau nws tam sim no khav ib yam dab tsi? Txoj cai tam sim no, feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb chaw zov me nyuam thiab qhauj ntawm hluav taws xob kev lag luam "Lavxias teb sab Electronics" yog Consolidated nyob rau hauv lub tuav lub tuam txhab. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1997. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nws muaj 33, thiab tam sim no 123 qhauj. Lawv khiav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab muaj zus tau tej cov hluav taws xob khoom siv, cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj peev xwm tsim semiconductor pab kiag li lawm thiab kev txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Rau feem ntau feem lawv ua tej khoom, tab sis muaj me nyuam mus cuag cov loj ua lag luam (albeit tsis zoo heev).
hwj chim tau ntawm processors
Nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li lawv cov Achilles 'luj. Yog li, qhov ntxov tshaj plaws x 86 processors haus heev me ntsis zog (piv nrog niaj hnub kuaj), lub volume ntawm uas yog feem ntau ntawm ib tug watt. Nrog ib tug zuj zus tooj ntawm transistors thiab moos zaus, qhov no parameter muaj ntau zog tshuam. Tam sim no koj muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov neeg sawv cev, uas yog tsim nyog los muab 130 watts, thiab muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov "monsters" twb raug tsim nyob rau hauv tsim chaw ua hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau ntau heev tshaj dua. Yav tas los, lub hwj chim tshaj yog tseem ceeb txaus. Tab sis txij thaum ntawd los, cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov lus los ntawm ib tug computer hloov, nce hwj chim kiag li lawm. Tam sim no lub CPU muaj ib tug tseem ceeb ntxim rau cov evolutionary txheej txheem:
- Peb yuav tsum tau los mus txhim kho raug hom kev kawm los txo lub zog noj ntawm lub processor.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los saib rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab uas yuav txo to currents.
- Peb yuav tsum tau mus ua hauj lwm rau tej lub voltage rau powering lub processor tub ntxhais.
- Nyob nyob uas muaj ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm hu, tus xov tooj yog ntau tshaj 1000 tauj Lawv yuav tsum muab hwj chim rau tus processor.
- Hloov cov layout ntawm pab kiag li lawm. Yog li, tus siv lead ua tau tsiv mus rau txheej sab ntawm lub sab hauv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab txhawb thaum tshav kub kub tshem tawm cov txheej txheem.
- Muaj cov ntse uas hais tias dynamically hloov lub voltage. Lawv muaj feem xyuam rau lub zaus ntawm ib tug neeg cores thiab processor units los mus ib ntus lov tes taw uas yog tsis tau siv.
- Cov siv lead ua kev kub sensors, thiab tshuab los tiv thaiv kom txhob overheating. Lawv txo tus zaus ntawm lub processor, thiab tej zaum yuav txawm tso tseg, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug tej yam overstepped txoj kab.
- Muaj hwj chim-saving hom, uas yog "muab mus pw tsaug zog" ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tsawg load.
Processor ntaus computer yog nyuab, thiab lub hwj chim cuam lwm kev sib tw nrog lub sab los. Hais tias yog hais txog lawv thiab yuav tsum hais lus txoj cai tam sim no.
Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub processor
Ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv. Nws nruab nrab yog cov siab tshaj plaws kub nqi, uas tej zaum yuav nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub semiconductor nti los yog cov processor thaum lub cev kev ua tau zoo yog ua tau. Nws yog ncaj qha nyob rau qhov zoo ntawm lub tshav kub dab ntxuav tes thiab lub load. Thaum lub kub tshaj lub pom zoo tshaj plaws, muaj yog tsis muaj guarantee lag luam. Feem ntau cov processors yog ua tau hauj lwm zoo, yog hais tias nws yog tsawg tshaj li 85? C. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias ntau, yog vim li cas rau uas tsis nyob rau hauv lub software los yog lub computer yuav dai. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub irreversible hloov yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub processor. Tam sim no ua qauv feem ntau saib xyuas overheating thiab txwv lawv cov kev kawm. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas lub computer ntaus ntawv yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua.
Thaum tshav kub kub tiam thiab tshav kub tshem tawm processor
Yuav ua li cas los txo cov tsis zoo feem ntawm degrees dua? Rau thaum tshav kub kub dissipation thiab active txivhmab yog siv passive dab. Txhua yam ntawm txoj kev nws muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab disadvantages.
Ntsuas thiab kub kuas processor
Thiab ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas lub ntaus ntawv yuav paub tias lawv yuav tsum tau hloov qhov no characterization ntawm nws? Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cover yog muab tshwj xeeb kub sensor, nyob rau hauv uas tau ua raws li ib tug thermal diode, ib tug thermistor los yog ib tug transistor nrog ib tug collector thiab puag kaw.
xaus
Yog li ntawd, dab ntaus ntawv yog siv rau cov txheej txheem rau cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub computer? Yeej muaj tseeb, lub computer processor. Tam sim no koj paub cov lus teb tsis tau tsuas yog rau lo lus nug tab sis kuj cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus ntaus ntawv thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm teeb meem thiab zeem muag. Yog li ntawd, muaj yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas effect xws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshuab thiab cov lus qhia ua yog ua nyob rau hauv uas lub computer ntaus ntawv.