Hauv kev lag luam ntawm Russia. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam electronics

Lub domestic electronics kev lag luam twb kov yeej lub ib nrab-xyoo pua hnub tseem ceeb. Nws muaj nws cov hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thiab thaum muaj ib tug tsim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb chaw thiab high-tech qhauj. Peb nyob rau txoj kev, thiab lub sijhawm thiab oblivion. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub tswv yim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub electronics kev lag luam mus txog 2025, raws li tau zoo raws li kev siv ib leeg pab cuam ntawm lub Union State "Hauv paus."

tshem ciav hlau kev lag luam

Electronics yuav muab piv nrog rau cov "gray cardinal" ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag - uas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tsis tshua muaj ua rau luag qhuas muaj nuj nqis, tab sis nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub xeev uas muaj ntau industrial qhauj thiab cov tub rog kev lag luam. Muaj kev nyab xeeb yog vim li cas, koj yuav tsis yeej ib txwm siv lub Cheebtsam ntawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg koom tes, thiab economic cov kev pab cuam ntawm domestic khoom yog cuab kev. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub USSR Ministry ntawm Hauv Kev lag luam ua nrog xws li giants Microelectronics li "Micron", "Integral", "Å", "Zenith", "LOMO", "Long-deb kev sib txuas lus" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yav tag los thiab yav tom ntej

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union lub electronics kev lag luam qhauj tau tawg khiav ri niab tshaj ib tug loj lub teb chaws, mas nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv tsim ib tug ib interconnected complex, uas mus nyob qhovtwg li nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union.

Nyob rau hauv lub "dashing 90" feem coob ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tuam txhab uas muag tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb poob nws lub peev xwm. Hauv kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia tau lom zem ntau tau phased tawm: dim tsuas yog tus undisputed thawj coj ntawm JSC «Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Molecular Electronics" thiab cog "Micron" OJSC ( "Micron") thiab JSC "Angstrom", nyob rau hauv Zelenograd.

Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yam kev mob nws muaj pov thawj rau Minsk "Integral", txaus siab tus kheej los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Lukashenko. Txawm li cas los, nws poob loj kev txiav txim dual lub hom phiaj. Lub tuam txhab tau txo lub scale ntawm ntau lawm, tab sis ua tsaug rau lub xeev cov nyiaj them yug thiab kom pom tseeb rau me me-scale kev txiav txim ntawm high-tech khoom los ntawm domestic tau txais kev pab thiab yeej hluav taws xob-tivthaiv puag (ECB) los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws nyob afloat.

Qhov zoo ces, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-2000s. Lavxias teb sab coj noj coj ua tau pom tau hais cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej electronics, thiab nyob rau hauv 2007 tau saws lub "zoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob kev lag luam kom txog thaum 2025". Twb muaj cuab zoo hloov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab qhov chaw kev lag luam thiab kev ruaj ntseg.

"Hauv paus"

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic tswv yim launched qhov kev pab cuam "Basic", muab kho tshiab ntawm scientific thiab ntau lawm tes hauj lwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab qhauj ntawm Russia thiab Belarus nyob rau hauv lub Union State. Ntxiv mus, lub "puag" peb tes num yog ib tug ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tseem ceeb, surpassing txoj kev loj hlob cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv tus khoos kas aerospace, tshuaj kev lag luam, optics, zus tau tej cov diesel units, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm laser tshuab.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws revived cov hluav taws xob kev lag luam ntawm lub USSR - los yog es, nws lub peev xwm. Kev cia siab rau ob leeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ya, kev koom ua ke ntawm cov initiators tseem tabtom sau ib nplooj ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub electronics, tab sis nrog ib tug kawm twist, venturing mus rau hauv lub submicron cheeb tsam. Thaum lub forefront ntawm no yog muab xaiv yaam hom phiaj rau peb lub xeev - kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov txij nkawm ntawm defenses.

txawv teb chaws kev

Meanwhile, lub tshuab hluav taws xob kev lag luam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog mus rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, piv txwv li, electronics tshuav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntxiv khoom nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, ua ntej ntawm lub tsheb thiab chaw ua dav hlua industries. Active tsoom fwv them nyiaj yug rau lub lag luam muaj Tuam Tshoj, Taiwan, Is Nrias teb, Kauslim Teb, Singapore, Thaib teb, Indonesia, Malaysia. Ntawm no, electronics yog tau ua ib qho zoo zog lifting ntawm lub teb chaws kev tuav nyiaj txiaj thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam.

High-tech corporations nrhiav rau spur no scientific kev taw qhia, sparing tsis muaj bailouts. Txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub scientific thiab cov kev pab cuam yuav mus 12 billion dollars.

Tiam sis thiab tsim

Kev mloog yog them rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sub-micron technology raug loj scale kev circuits (VLSI). Tshaj yav dhau los 30-40 xyoo, lub caij puag tau ncaim mus ob peb tiam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: muaj loj (LSI), heev loj scale thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus slozhnofunktsionalnye system-on-nti (SoC).

Tshuaj ntsuam tau ntev muab sau tias nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no ntawm electronics txiav txim rau qhov kev kawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb - .. Communications, kev lag luam, thauj, telecommunications, kev pab kho mob, ntsuam xyuas nyiaj thiab kev teb, ua tub rog cov khoom, thiab lwm yam khoom Tshiab yees nyob rau hauv lub electronics kev lag luam tau tso cai ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub teb chaws, xws li teb chaws USA, England, Nyiv, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab lwm tus neeg, tuav lub levers ntawm lub ntiaj teb domination: cov tub rog, technical, nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Tej-Ntug

Nws yog tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no electronics kev lag luam tsim ntau lawm tshaj zus tau tej cov crude roj, roj a thiab mineral raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm yuav luag 4.5 lub sij hawm, tshuaj cov khoom thiab yas - 3 lub sij hawm lub ntim ntawm cov khoom - 2.5 lub sij hawm, zus tau tej cov hluav taws xob thiab gas - ntau tshaj 2 lub sij hawm. Thaum kawg nws zoo zoo thiab lub laij nqi-hauj lwm zoo ntawm electronics nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws:

• sector txoj kev loj hlob npaum li cas peb lub sij hawm siab tshaj GDP kev loj hlob;
• nruab nrab payback tej yaam num - 2-3 xyoo;
• ib duas kev nqis peev uas tso cai rau koj yuav tau txais mus txog rau $ 100 nyob rau hauv qhov kawg khoom;
• 1 kg ntawm lub nti Cheebtsam yog ntau tshaj li 100 tons;
• tsim ib chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub electronics kev lag luam ua rau yus lub creation ntawm plaub cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam industries.

Yog vim li cas tsim electronics

Raws li qhov kev paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no cov thawj coj, nws yuav tau sib cav hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub electronics kev lag luam ua rau yus lub ib nyhuv, deb tshaj xwb lub lag luam. Nws yeej txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm high-tech khoom, los txhim kho lub competitiveness thiab hauj theem ntawm computer, missile thiab aerospace, aviation, engineering, txoj kev thauj, tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Tagnrho ntawm zus tau tej cov hluav taws xob Cheebtsam tau tshee loj hlob, kev txiav txim kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau pheej chaw - khoos kas aerospace thiab hluav taws xob industries, robotics thiab instrumentation, thiab lwm yam ..

Lub electronics kev lag luam ntawm Russia thiab Belarus

Nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob deb ntawm cov ntiaj teb no dab tsis thiab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Soviet Union. Yuav kom muab feem rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm electronics thiab tsis muaj tsawg nrov chaw - microelectronics, raws li "cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob" ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab lub teb chaws ruaj ntseg, yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev sib koom ua hauj lwm tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm lub Union State.

Fundamentals ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab zoo kev txiav txim siab txog tej yam uas nyob rau hauv microelectronics rooj txhawb siab raws li qhov muaj feem thib muaj sector thiab los tsim tshiab semiconductor pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Belarusian caij-raws li kev tivthaiv ntawm Union cov kev pab cuam muab "microsystems", "Base", "Pramen".

National electronics kev lag luam tau txais ib tug boost: tsim dozens ntawm ib feem hom feem-tshwj xeeb microelectronic khoom, rau cov thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv 2013, nws ua tiav lwm qhov project loj nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws txawj thiab zaum ntawm peb lub teb chaws - qhov kev pab cuam "Tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug series ntawm kev circuits thiab semiconductor pab kiag li lawm rau tshwj xeeb cov khoom thiab dual-siv". Cov nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab sab yog txhais nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov 975 lab Lavxias teb sab rubles, Belarus - 525 lab.

nyob ze yav tom ntej

Judging los ntawm ib tug ntaus cim rov qab nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam ntawm hluav taws xob lub Cheebtsam, muaj zog mloog thiab kev pab los ntawm tsoom fwv cov koom haum, xov xwm qhia, ua heev kom nquag plias ua hauj lwm. Nws tau ua ntau tiag tiag thiab yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm microelectronics nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej. Daws tau qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev yam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kev khwv thiab realization ntawm hluav taws xob khoom, tshuab, thaj, muaj thiab tshwj xeeb siv, raws li cov tshem tawm ntawm lub teb chaws electronics kev lag luam los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab ib tug tseem ceeb nce ntawm nws cov export peev xwm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tsim domestic technologies nyob rau hauv microelectronics Lavxias teb sab Academician K. A. Valiev hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2000s. Nws muaj leej twg paub, txawm li cas los, hais tias qhov no yog tsis muaj hauj lwm yooj yim, thiab nws yuav tsum khiav xwb yog thaum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb niaj hnub hauj khoom. Cov tsim nyog nyiaj txiag thiab lub koom haum them nyiaj yug rau microelectronics tau target cov kev pab cuam uas yog deployed nyob rau lub xeev.

Tiv thaiv cov motherland

Nrog kev xav txog cov tub rog ib cheeb, lub high-precision microelectronics tau sau npe no ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog lub creation ntawm ib tug niaj hnub hluav taws xob-tivthaiv puag rau zus tau tej cov mas txhais tau tias zoo kws muaj txuj ci. Tshiab semiconductor pab kiag li lawm thiab circuits tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj ib puas ntawm qhov tseeb qauv ntawm riam phom. Main chaw ntawm qhov kev siv:

• radar;
• anti-aircraft missile systems, xws li lub zoo-paub C-400 thiab C-500 tsim;
• tshuab hluav taws xob rog: cov hluav ntawm cuam tshuam, interception, xov tooj cua kev tsuj.

Zoo tsa nyob nrog cov kev pab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog-industrial complex, tshiab kev tsim thiab kev siv technology tshiab kev daws teeb meem thiab lub typology ntawm lub IC, patented nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation los xyuas kom meej siab cia siab rau thiab nyob rau ntawm pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas muaj zog tawg, irradiation los ntawm neutrons, gamma thiab X-ray tawg, electromagnetic mem tes. Tej specifications thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev rau riam phom systems, hluav taws xob tswj tshuab thiab cov tub rog qhov chaw technology, tswj lub nruab thiab los xyuas kom meej cog kev ruaj ntseg.

flagships ntawm microelectronic

Yuav kom tsim xws li ib tug high-precision technology, nruab nrog sophisticated ECB, nws yog tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub dag zog ntawm kev tshawb fawb chaw thiab lub flagships ntawm microelectronics nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Belarus. Yog li, qhov kev pab cuam "Basic" yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tshiab technologies.

Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv nws cov kev siv raws li lub ntsiab ua yeeb thiab collaborators yog cov 40 kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab muaj qhauj. Lub ntsiab tsum microelectronic Cheebtsam-ob-tivthaiv puag thiab tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj - Belarusian OJSC "Integral". Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sab lub baton rau lub creation ntawm high-tech khoom rau lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub electronics picks ib pab pawg neeg tuam txhab uas muag "Micron" - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub post-txiag Microelectronics, ib feem ntawm cov muaj tuav ntawm OJSC "RTI".

JSC "Micron" - ib lub tuam txhab uas muaj yuav luag ib nrab xyoo keeb kwm, lub hauj thawj coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab semiconductor kev lag luam. Muaj hnub no koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev loj hlob, siv thiab ua thiab muag khoom ntawm kev circuits, xws li export. Nyob rau hauv 2012, nws launched ib tug tshiab kab rau zus tau tej cov Microchips nrog topological theem ntawm 90 nm. Cov neeg koom tes ntawm lub xeev li RUSNANO thiab cov European giant STMicroelectronics.

Science thiab kev lag luam

Lub electronics kev lag luam yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau kev tshawb fawb. Niam Txiv lub tuam txhab "Micron" entrusted nrog nqa tawm ib qho kev txheej R & D (kev tshawb fawb, kev sim kev loj hlob), dab tsi pab nws lub 15 coob Lavxias teb sab xov tooj cua-hluav taws xob tuam txhab uas muag.

Tus qauv ntawm R & D complex muaj xws li ib tug kev tshawb fawb thiab 26 kev ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim 54 ib feem hom ntshuam-hloov tshuab hluav taws xob Cheebtsam nrog ib tug high degree ntawm kev koom ua ke, leej heev thiab tej yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv kev, "Micron" daws ib tug complex ntawm cov teeb meem, yog ib tus uas muaj nplooj siab rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawm VLSI microprocessor nrog ib tug kos operating system rau ntse phaib thiab hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv.

afterword

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias qhov tseeb zoo microelectronics rau cov tub rog thiab txawv teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag rau domestic qhauj yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry mus muag qhov chaw cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj ua hauj lwm rau lub nyob ze yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm xaiv yaam sectoral kev pab cuam - kev siv ntawm tus hauj txhob nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.