Vim li cas binary coding universal? Txoj Kev Rau Txiaj Ntsig

Lub computer ua tus txheej txheem loj. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw suab, duab, cov ntawv - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum ua dua los yog tso tawm kom pom. Vim li cas binary coding tus universal txoj kev ntawm programming cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom siv technical?

Qhov txawv ntawm encryption thiab encryption sib txawv yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau cov neeg pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm "coding" thiab "encryption" thaum lawv tau muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, encryption yog tus txheej txheem ntawm transforming cov ntaub ntawv thiaj li nkaum nws. Nws tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm tus neeg uas tau hloov cov ntawv, lossis cov neeg tshwj xeeb uas tau kawm tiav. Kev siv coding yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab simplig ua haujlwm nrog nws. Feem ntau yog siv ntau lub rooj cim lus, paub txhua tus. Nws kuj ua rau hauv lub computer.

Binary coding kuj

Binary coding yog ua raws li siv ob cim xwb - 0 thiab 1 - ua cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Cov cim no tau hu ua binary digits, hauv Askiv - binary digit, or bit. Txhua lub cim ntawm binary code occupies ib tug computer lub cim xeeb mus rau 1 ntsis. Vim li cas binary coding universal txoj kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua? Qhov tseeb yog tias nws yog qhov yooj yim rau lub tshuab computer kom ua cov ua cim tsawg dua. Qhov no ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim tau ntawm lub PC: qhov kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua koj yuav tsum tau ua rau lub cuab yeej, ntau dua qhov kev ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Lub hauv paus ntawm binary encoding yog pom tsis tsuas yog hauv lub cajmeem. Los ntawm alternating cov neeg lag ntseg thiab cov pleev xim sonorous, cov inhabitants ntawm Polynesia kis tau cov ntaub ntawv sib. Ib tug zoo xws li cov ntsiab cai nyob rau hauv Morse code, qhov twg qhov ntev thiab luv luv suab yog siv mus rau kis cov lus. "Telegraphic alphabet" yog siv hnub no.

Qhov twg yog binary coding?

Lub binary coding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug computer yog siv qhov txhia chaw. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv, ua nws suab paj nruag los yog ntawv, yuav tsum tau programmed kom yav tom ntej nws tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem thiab nyeem tau yooj yim. Lub binary coding system yog pab tau rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov cim thiab cov lej, cov ntaub ntawv audio, graphics.

Binary coding ntawm cov zauv

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm cov computers muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev cim lus, tsis nkag mus rau ib tus neeg zoo tib yam. Kev siv cov lus As Kiv, raws li peb xav, yog irrational rau technology. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus cob rau txhua tus xov tooj nws tus kheej lub cim, uas tej zaum yuav ua tsis tau.

Muaj ob lub xov tooj (numeral): qhov chaw thiab tsis yog qhov chaw. Nepozitsionnyh system yog raws li nyob rau kev siv ntawm Latin cov tsiaj ntawv thiab paub rau peb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Greek cov nuj nqis. Txoj kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov yooj yim txaus kom to taub, yog li lawv tsis kam nws.

Qhov chaw nyob tus nab npawb chaw nyob yog siv hnub no. Qhov no muaj xws li binary, decimal, octal thiab txawm hexadecimal encoding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Peb siv cov zauv ntawm cov cim coding hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws yog li ib txwm rau peb Arabic numerals, uas yog to taub los txhua leej txhua tus. Binary coding ntawm tus lej sib txawv siv tsuas xoom thiab ib qho.

Zauv hloov dua siab tshiab rau binary coding los mus faib rau lawv los ntawm 2. Cov ua nrab kuj muab faib ua ob theem, mus txog rau thaum ib tug thaum kawg 0 los yog 1. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb 123 ₁₀ nyob rau hauv binary cim yuav sawv cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ₂ 1111011. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj ₂₀ yuav tshwm sim raws li 10100 _2.

Cov nqe 10 thiab 2 tau muab tso tawm, feem ntau ntawm cov zauv cim thiab cov cim binary binary. Lub cim binary coding yog siv los simplig ua haujlwm nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb sawv cev hauv ntau hom xov tooj.

Cov hau kev rau programming zauv cov zauv yog raws li "floating comma". Yuav kom thwj txhais cov nqi ntawm zauv los rau binary coding system, siv cov mis N = M x qp. M yog cov mantissa (qhov qhia ntawm ib tug xov tooj uas tsis muaj kev txiav txim), p yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus nqi ntawm N, thiab q yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov system coding (nyob rau hauv peb rooj plaub 2).

Tsis yog txhua tus lej zoo. Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov zauv zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, lub koos pis tawj tawm qhov chaw ntawm 1 me ntsis los ua tus cim. Ntawm no, xoom nruab nrab yog kos npe rau ib qho ntxiv thiab ib qho yog ib qho kos npe.

Siv cov xov tooj zoo li no ua kom yooj yim rau lub computer ua hauj lwm nrog cov lej. Yog vim li cas binary coding yog universal hauv xam kev.

Binary coding ntawm cov lus qhia

Txhua tus tsiaj ntawv cim yog encoded los ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm zeros thiab ones. Cov ntawv nyeem muaj ntau cov cim: cov tsiaj ntawv (hnyav thiab qis qis), cov cim kos duab thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. Coding cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum siv qhov kev siv ntawm 8 qhov sib npaug ntawm binary qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 00000000 txog 11111111. Ua li no, 256 cim tau hloov dua siab tshiab.

Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov cim ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, cov lus tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg siv. Lawv muaj cov lus Latin, cov ntawv cim thiab cov cim tshwj xeeb (piv txwv, €, ¥, © thiab lwm tus). Cov cim ntawm lub luv 128-255 encode lub teb chaws cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws.

Kom encode 1 tus cwj pwm, 8 khoom ntawm kev nco yuav tsum tau. Los ua kom yooj yim rau cov qhab nia, 8 pob yog sib npaug rau 1 byte, ces qhov chaw disk tag nrho rau cov ntawv nyeem yog ntsuas hauv bytes.

Feem ntau tus kheej lub tshuab hlwb hlau muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm ASCII (American Standard Code for Interchange Interchange). Lwm cov ntxhuav kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv coding system yog txawv. Piv txwv, thawj tus paub ua cim cim npe hu ua KOI-8 (cov ntaub ntawv txauv cai yog 8-ntsis), thiab nws ua haujlwm hauv computers nrog UNIX OS. Kuj pom tau los yog lub rooj ntawm tus CP1251, uas yog tsim rau lub qhov rais operating system.

Binary coding ntawm lub suab

Lwm qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas binary coding yog ib txoj hauv kev universal ntawm kev qhia programming yog nws qhov yooj yim thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv audio. Cov suab paj nruag yog ib lub suab yoj suab ntawm txawv qhov ntev thiab qhov oscillation zaus. Los ntawm cov kev txwv no yog nyob ntawm qhov suab thiab lub suab.

Txhawm rau ua kom lub suab yoj suab, lub computer faib nws qhov zwj ceeb mus rau ntau qhov chaw, lossis "samples." Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev kuaj no kuj yuav loj, yog li muaj 65536 txawv kev sib hloov ntawm zeros thiab ones. Raws li, cov computers uas niaj hnub siv nruab nrog 16-ntsis suab phaib, uas txhais tau tias siv 16 cov cim hauv binary mus rau ib qho qauv ntawm lub suab yoj suab.

Ua si lub suab ua ntaub ntawv, lub computer ua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev cai binary code thiab txuas lawv mus rau ib qho nruam yau.

Encoding graphics

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem muab coj los qhia rau hauv daim duab kos duab, kos duab, duab los yog cov slides hauv PowerPoint. Cov duab muaj me me pots - pixels, uas tau pleev xim rau xim sib txawv. Cov xim ntawm txhua tus pixel yog encoded thiab rua, thiab thaum kawg peb tau txais ib cov duab full-fledged.

Yog hais tias daim duab dub thiab dawb, cov cai rau txhua lub pixel yuav yog ib qho los yog xoom. Yog tias 4 xim siv, ces cov cai rau txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ob tug lej: 00, 01, 10 lossis 11. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab. Nce los yog qis dua qhov ci ntsa iab kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau cov xim siv. Nyob zoo, lub tshuab computer sib txawv li 16 777 216 ntxoov.

Xaus

Muaj ntau txoj hau kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia, ntawm cov cim uas binary yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cia li siv ob lub cim - 1 thiab 0 - lub tshuab computer yooj yim nyeem feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tib lub sij hawm, tus ua ceev yog ntau ntau tshaj, piv txwv li, ib qho kev ua zauv digital programming. Lub simplicity ntawm no txoj kev ua rau nws irreplaceable rau tej txheej txheem. Yog vim li cas binary coding yog universal ntawm nws cov counterparts.