Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: ib tug luv luv biography rau cov me nyuam

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kawm - tus naas ej geneticist, ib tug Lavxias teb sab botanist, geographer, founder ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag thiab lom bases ntawm xaiv, lub initiator ntawm cov creation ntawm lub teeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsev, tau yug los nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Kaum ib hlis 25, 1887. Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij tau ua ib tug invaluable pab rau science, uas yog pom tau hais tias biologists nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Mob siab rau rau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm thaum yau

Leej Txiv Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - los ntawm ib tug neeg pluag tsev neeg, nws yog ib tug neeg ua lag luam ntawm lub thib ob guild, thiab koom nyob rau hauv kev ua si. Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig coj manufactory Hoobkas "Uninstall thiab Vavilov." Niam - Alexander M. - yog tus ntxhais ntawm cov artist-engraver Prohovskoy manufactory. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, muaj xya cov me nyuam, peb cov neeg uas tuag nyob rau hauv thaum yau. Cov kwv yau ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej paub txog - Sergei Vavilov - dlhau nws lub neej rau physics, nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub Soviet scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub cev optics, nyob rau hauv 1945-1951 nws mus rau hauv lub Academy of Sciences ntawm lub USSR. Cov laus tus muam ntawm Alexander xaiv cov kev kho mob lawv, ua lub organizer ntawm Moscow huv tes hauj lwm. Lydia - lub me muam, kawm tau mus yuav ib tug microbiologist, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov expeditions ntes tau smallpox thiab tuag. Nikolai Vavilov, ib tug luv luv biography yog nthuav kom admirers ntawm nws scientific ua hauj lwm, tsis zoo li lwm cov me nyuam, los ntawm thaum yau yog fond ntawm muaj thiab fauna thiab muaj ib tug high nyhav rau tej yam ntuj tso sciences. Qhov no hobby ua rau kom tsawg phau ntawv, maps thiab herbarium uas muaj ib tug loj tsev qiv ntawv ntawm nws txiv, thiab txhawb qhov uas muaj ib tug yav tom ntej noob caj noob ces.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: ib tug luv luv biography rau cov me nyuam

Los ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm Nikolai Vavilov, leej txiv rau npe koom nyob rau hauv ib tug coj mus muag tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum nws kawm tiav, nyob rau hauv 1906, nws tau los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub koom haum of Agriculture (Agronomy kws qhia ntawv) nyob rau hauv Moscow. 1908 twb cim los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntoj ke mus kawm rau Transcaucasia thiab lub North Caucasus, qhov twg Vavilov N. I., ib tug nyuag Phau ntawv sau uas yuav tsum tau kawm cov kev kawm, ua thaj thiab botanical kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv 1910 nws coj qhov chaw agronomical coj ntawm Poltava sim chaw nres tsheb, Vavilov them nyiaj rau ntxiv fruitful ua hauj lwm.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub koom haum propensity rau kev tshawb fawb kev ua si manifested Nicholas pheej; me nyuam kawm ntawv muab lectures rau kev nrhiav caj ceg nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb no thiab Seb Morphology, hais ib tug tswv yim sib cav txog liab qab sib zog ntaus, ua farmland Moscow xeev. Rau no ua hauj lwm, Nikolai Vavilov twb muab tsub lub Moscow Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tom qab kawm tiav, ib tug pheej tub hluas tau raug sab laug mus rau npaj rau ib tug professorship nyob rau Department of Agriculture thiab txiav txim rau yug me nyuam rau qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub chaw, nyob qhov twg nws pib kawm zoo cultivated nroj tsuag kev tiv thaiv hu ua fungi, cab. Parallel rau qhov no, Nikolay Ivanovich qhia ntawm lub koom haum rau cov poj niam thiab Agriculture.

Kawm paub txog qhov kev paub ntawm lawv cov nyob sab Europe counterparts

Los ntawm 1911 mus 1912 nws muaj nws internship ntawm St. Petersburg, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog ntau nyob rau hauv-tob taw qhia rau lub geography ntawm cultivated cereals, kawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab tus kab mob, thiab nyob rau hauv 1913 - ib qho chaw twg txawv teb chaws mus ua kom tiav lawv kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nikolai Ivanovich ua hauj lwm rau qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug German philosopher kuaj thiab naturalist Ernsta Gekkelya, nyob rau hauv Fabkis ntsib nrog cov tshiab achievements ntawm yug me nyuam rau noob nyob rau hauv ces, coj los ntawm cov xibfwb William Bateson (ib qhov loj tshaj geneticists ntawm uas lub sij hawm), uas Vavilov xam tau tias yog nws tus xib fwb, kawm cov stability rau cov kab mob ntawm cereals. Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub interrupt ntus, thiab Nikolai yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau Moscow, qhov uas nws hais ntxiv nws ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tsob nroj tiv thaiv, kev thwmsim nyob rau hauv nroog loj nurseries khub nrog cov xibfwb Zhegalovym S. I.

Yog vim li cas tuag nyob rau hauv Persia Lavxias teb sab tub rog?

Nyob rau hauv 1916, Nikolai Vavilov tau txais ib tug master degree tom qab ntse dua cov piab; nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, nws zam los ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam vim muaj ib tug kho raws kev pom (raug mob nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam tseem yau lub qhov muag), coj tuaj rau hauv raws li ib tug kws pab tswv yim rau cov teeb meem ntawm loj mob nyob rau hauv Persia tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no muaj peev xwm los qhia tias Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Luv biography rau cov me nyuam 2 qhia txog cov chav kawm ntawv uas tau txais mus rau hauv cov hmoov nplej rau daim ntawm cockle noob pwm Stromantinia temulenta, tsim tshuaj uas yuav ua rau lom nyob rau hauv tug txiv neej - ib tug alkaloid temulin. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws txiav txim yog tus tsis nco qab, qaug dab peg, nkees nkees, kiv taub hau thiab; muaj ib lub tseem tuag. Qhov teeb meem yog solved los ntawm txwv tsis pub siv ntawm lub zos cov khoom; kev cai xa tuaj pib nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tom qab tau txais kev tso cai rau kev ua tub rog coj noj coj ua ntawm lub ntoj ke mus kawm, Vavilov mus sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv Iran, tso aim mus xyuas kuaj ntawm lub zos cereals. Sowing noob nyob rau hauv ces Persian nplej, Nikolai sim ntau txoj kev yuav kis tau nws nrog powdery pwm uas tso npe thov nitrogen chiv txawm ua tus kab mob. Tag nrho cov sim yog tsis vam meej, uas zaum xaus lus tias lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ncaj qha nyob rau ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob ntawm daim tseem cia nrog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hom. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no ntoj ke mus kawm, Nikolai Ivanovich nyob assumption tias cov kev cai ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic variation.

hauj lwm zoo

Lub xyoo 1917 twb cim los ntawm qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm Vavilov tus pab lub taub hau ntawm lub Department ntawm Applied Botany ntawm qhov kev pom zoo Regel R. E. Tsis muaj leej twg lub zaum uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag kev tiv thaiv, yuav tsis tuaj mus rau hauv lub qhib lub ntsiab ntawd, nyob ze ntawm lub tib lub sij hawm tag nrho rau highlight rau qhov teeb meem, raws li tau Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. Luv biography rau cov me nyuam qhia rau peb hais tias nyob rau hauv 1917 tus paub txog tsiv mus rau Saratov qhov twg hauv lub Siab Hoob of Agriculture taws lub Department of chaw ua taus zes, noob caj noob ces thiab lwm ua liaj ua teb. Raws li ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Agronomy kws qhia ntawv los ntawm 1917 mus 1921 nyob rau hauv Saratov University, Vavilov nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov lus qhuab qhia nws proceeded mus rau lub sim txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub tiv thaiv ntawm cov qoob loo. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no kuj zoo kawg ua hauj lwm, uas muaj xws li txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ob peb puas ntawm ntau yam nplej thiab oats, tsom xam lub cev ntau ntau yam thiab lawv nyhav rau tus kab mob, pom anatomical muaj peev xwm, los ua luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1919. Lub monograph "Lub tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau kis kab mob."

Nyob rau hauv 1920, lub npe nrov paub txog ua ib tug qhia txog cov kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv lub caj variability ntawm homologous series rau lub Peb Tag nrho cov-Russia Congress, cov Organizing Committee uas nws taws. Cov ntawv ceeb toom tau ua tus loj tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev lom kawm, thiab tau zoo txais los ntawm cov kev zej zog.

Sim kawm, kev tshawb fawb, ua tau

Nyob rau hauv 1920, tom qab raug xaiv mus rau lub post ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Department ntawm Applied Botany thiab xaiv, Nikolai Vavilov, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog tau piav nyob rau hauv ntau cov phau ntawv, nws tsiv mus rau Petrograd, qhov uas nws tau pib nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev loj rau kev scientific ua hauj lwm. Lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum, nws thiaj li renamed lub All-Union koom haum uas cog Vavilov tseem txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 1940. Ua ke nrog AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich raug xa mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob qhov twg khom lub noob mov, tshuaj ntsuam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub grain-loj hlob qhov chaw ntawm US territories. Nyob rau txoj kev rov qab ib tus paub txog mus xyuas Belgium, Holland, Fabkis, Sweden, England, qhov uas nws muaj nyob rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov rooj sib tham nrog zaum, tau ntsib nrog cov yug me nyuam cov chaw thiab kev tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam, tsim tshiab kev sib txuas thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov purchase ntawm scientific cov khoom, ntaub ntawv thiab high-zoo noob.

1923 twb cim los ntawm Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova kev xaiv tsa ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev lub koom haum ntawm Seb Agronomy. Thaum cov teg num ntawm tus paub txog nyob rau hauv lub 20s ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb chaw nres tsheb, kev kawm thiab muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas pab tau cov nroj tsuag tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm climatic thiab av tej yam kev mob ntawm lub USSR.

Ib tug invaluable pab mus rau science

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha yog zoo txuas rau kev expeditions, siv los ntawm 1924 mus rau 1929. Qhov no yog Afghanistan, Africa, lub Mediterranean, Nyiv, Tuam Tshoj, Taiwan, Kauslim Teb, thaum lub sij hawm uas zaum ntxiv rau tus sau los ntawm noob (nyob rau hauv lub phav phav kev kuaj), thiab ua txoj kev tshawb no chaw zov me nyuam loj hlob cov qoob loo.

Nyob rau hauv 1927, rau qhov zoo heev ntawv ceeb toom "thaj thwmsim kawm variability ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub USSR", uas Nikolai Ivanovich ua nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos ntawm ib tug rooj sab laj ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov kws txawj, zaum twb muab tsub lub kub puav pheej, thiab lub rooj sab laj txiav txim siab los siv qhov kev tsim Vavilov system ntawm thaj qoob loo thooj plawv.

Nikolai Vavilov Family

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, ib me ntsis biography uas qhia txog nws zoo kawg li ua tau rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm science, tau raug sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj tus poj niam yog Ekaterina Nikolaevna paub txog Sakharov, los ntawm sib yuav nrog leej twg muaj ib tug tub, Oleg. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 28 lub xyoos ntawm hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus ntawm pob zeb nce toj. Ob txhais tus poj niam - kws kho mob ntawm Agricultural Sciences, biologist Elena Barulin cov uas Nikolai paub los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm (1918); hluas nkauj muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau endeavors ntawm nws saib (xws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Russia), sau cov khoom, muaj nyob rau hauv Vavilov cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv teb cov qoob loo. Tsev Neeg Elena Ivanovna thiab Nikolay tsim nyob rau hauv 1926. Los ntawm no sib yuav tau yug Yuri Vavilov, uas ua ib tug kws kho mob ntawm lub cev thiab xaam sciences, nuclear physicist thiab ua npaum li cas mus nrhiav cov lus qhia txog nws txiv thiab lawv cov phau ntawv.

Nyob rau account ntawm cov creation ntawm lub Vavilov lub koom haum rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo Loj hlob, zaub thiab qos yaj ywm sector, subtropical cov qoob loo, Viticulture, fodder, lam thiab uas muaj ntxhiab nroj tsuag - ntau tshaj ib puas scientific tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1930, Nikolai Vavilov taws lub Leningrad genetic kuaj ntawm lub USSR Academy, nyob rau hauv 1931 - lub All-Union thaj Society.

Raug ntes thiab liam

Txoj hauj lwm zoo thoob ntiaj teb paub Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova haunted nws khib, uas tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Stalin nrog nom tswv accusations, uas twb them Vavilov nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm los ntawm lub tiag tiag liam ua liaj ua teb, kev nom kev tswv muaj siab hlob nyob rau hauv uas Vavilov tsis paub qhov txawv qhov tseeb cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Soviet lub hwj chim. Parallel coj ib tug pej xeem kev tsim txom nyob rau hauv periodicals. Txij thaum 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich tau raug txwv los ntawm txawv tebchaws sia mus thoob ntiajteb, nws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau yuav unsatisfactory.

Vavilov twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 1940, them nrog counter-revolutionary kev ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv 1941, tus paub txog twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag; cov kab lus twb hloov nyob rau hauv 1942 los ntawm 20-xyoo kab lus. Nikolai Ivanovich tuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv Saratov tsev lojcuj, tau lawm mob thaum lub sij hawm nws muaj feem raug kaw mob ntsws, dysentery; nyob rau hauv lub xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej kev txom nyem dystrophy. Tuag yog tshwm sim los poob rau ntawm mob ua si. Posthumously Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij twb rehabilitated nyob rau hauv 1955: tag nrho cov nqi tawm tsam nws tau kev qhia, tsis tseeb. Faus Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas txaus siab rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nws admirers, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxa, nrog rau lwm cov neeg raug kaw.