Submarine Project 641: ships, cov duab

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov USSR thiab lub teb chaws USA nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv muaj ib tug stalemate: nyob rau hauv ib tes, lub Yankees muaj tsis muaj teeb meem nrog nto ships (xws li missile muaj), tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws fleet (xws li raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm undercover intrigue) nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nws yog ntau npaum li cas weaker. Tab sis lub Soviet Union muaj ib tug submarine. Ntau yam, muaj cov loj loj: los ntawm cov me nyuam uas yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv "tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nuv ntses," rau loj loj "shark."

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub ntsiab tawm quab yuam ntawm peb lub teb chaws nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb nuclear missile, tab sis yog coj diesel-hluav taws xob submarine Project 641 tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm shipbuilding.

Tshiab lub sij hawm - lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau

Los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nws tau los ua tseeb tias "tus poj niam laus" ntawm peb tes num 611 tshiab yuav tsum twb tsis sib haum. Americans nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb hnyav ncawv nraum rau tej yaam num ntawm nuclear submarines, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union ua ib tug loj thawj koom ruam nyob rau hauv classic designs, thiab rightly li ntawd.

Tus taw tes ntawm no yog hais tias cov diesel cav, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas paradoxical tej zaum nws yuav zoo li, yog npaum li cas quieter tshaj lub atom: cov teeb meem ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no nyob rau hauv kev co, suab nrov los ntawm lub lag luam ntawm chav generators thiab condensing units. Diesel tib submarine submerged mus thiaj tau tuaj rau hluav taws xob thiab yog li ntawd cov suab nrov los ntawm lawv yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj.

Sij hawm ntawm Project 641 tej nkoj nquam

Ib yam li nws cov thawj ntawm, submarine project 641 twb npaj los npog maritime convoys, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov lag luam tawm thiab kev sib txuas lus tseem khiav, muaj kev sib txuas. Tab sis qhov no lub tsheb tshiab yuav tsum tau muaj zoo ceev kev ua tau zoo, ntau dua autonomy, zoo nyob tej yam kev mob thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg coob, thiab cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - yog coj ho ntau riam phom rau board.

Cov neeg coob muaj 70 cov neeg, nrog rau 12 cov neeg - tub ceev xwm. Rau tag nrho peb tau tsim rau yav tom ntej tej yam kev mob nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej, uas nyob rau hauv peb tes num 611 tej nkoj nquam twb unattainable. Tshwj xeeb xis yog ib tug submarine B-427 641 project.

Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus tshiab submarines

Lub luag hauj lwm rau tus tsim ua hais tsis zoo designers SA Egorov thiab ZA Deribina. Corpus lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog yus muaj los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj sheer thiab noticeably sloping, "truncated" kav. Cov yav tas yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav maximize lub seaworthiness ntawm lub submarine surfaced. Tej nkoj nquam ntawm no peb tes num yog tseem txawv los ntawm pronounced fairings nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, uas ua kom haum raws li lub ntau yam radar thiab lwm yam khoom.

Raws li rau cov khoom, cov thawj compartment - feeb ib torpedo. Submarine Project 641 nkoj yuav hluav taws torpedoes mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 80 meters. Qhov thib ob compartment twb muaj sia nyob, muaj, xws li, thiab saloon. Nyob rau hauv tib compartment nyob rau hauv lub lawj planking, lub designers tau muab tso rau hauv lub roj teeb pob. Qhov thib plaub yog tus (feeb) ntawm qhov chaw uas lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm yog nyob.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kuj nyob hav zoov thiab ib qho ntxiv roj teeb pob. Lub tsib seem - diesel, muaj nyob rau hauv cov nram no hluav taws xob xyaw, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no, uas yog, lub xya, yog raws li backup torpedo hlab.

Cov tsos ntawm no hom ntawm lub nkoj no kuj yus muaj los ntawm ib tug heev laj kab ncig ntawm lub alarm. Nws yog li ntawd "monumental" tshaj nws tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm lub nce. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Fairing rau lub qhov ntswg, uas peb twb hais, tsis yog tsuas yog electronics, tab sis kuj cov roj qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom muab cov diesel cav nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Lub submarines tau ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog hom?

Lub ntsiab riam phom - rau nyo hau torpedo hlab, uas Nkij los txuam rau cov plaub ntau fodder. Tiam sis tag nrho cov tib yooj yim - qhov ntswg, sai li sai raws li lawv yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb ceev recharging system. Tag nrho cov mos txwv - 22 torpedoes. Cov muaj tus thawj thiab "telemetry" qauv, uas tau tsav los ntawm cov hlau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog campaigns feem ntau coj mus 1/3 feeb, hloov lawv torpedoes. Rau kev tswj cov firing txheej txheem raws li txoj "Leningrad-641".

Submarines tau armed nrog torpedoes nrog nuclear warheads, tab sis lawv npaj mus tua tus yeeb ncuab nto ships.

engine specifications

Lub plawv ntawm lub submarine yog peb diesel 37D qauv. Lawv yog nruab nrog gazoturbonadduvom, shielded los ntawm lub ntsiab seem ntawm ib tug loj heev bulkhead soundproofing. Raws li peb tau hais tias, rau ib tug underwater kawg raws li ob electric motors ntawm lub hom PG-101. Lub peev xwm ntawm txhua yog 1350 liters. ib tug. Muaj yog ib tug thaub qab lub cev muaj zog PG-102, uas nws hwj chim tam sim ntawd hp 2700 Muaj kuj yog ib yig 140-horsepower PG-104. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum koj xav tau hluav kev pab, "zaum" nyob rau hauv tib ncej nrog lub PG-102.

Rau kev tshem nkoj yuav siv peb propellers, ib kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau arbitrarily hloov los ntawm cov neeg coob. Nyob rau saum npoo siv rau lub zog ntawm diesel, uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm them lub roj teeb.

mechanics

Peb shafts thiab peb screws, ib kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov neeg coob. Tag nrho rudders tob thiab cov kev taw qhia tau xwb peb tsav: hydraulic, hluav taws xob thiab los ntawm txhais tes, kuj hu ua "lub caij nyoog kawg". Cov thawj txheej ntawm automatic stabilization "Marble" siv, uas zoo heev tswj lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg coob thiab saib xyuas cov hauj lwm ntawm lub submarine nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

energetics

Chiv lub nkoj ntsia rechargeable roj teeb 46SU qauv, tom qab hloov los ntawm ib tug ntau robust thiab capacious 48cm. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov submarine yog 448 hlwb. Nws yog tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib co nkoj nquam yuav siv roj teeb hom 60SU. Lawv ua tim khawv nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sijhawm uas nws lub memoirs ntawm Soviet submariners (nyob rau hauv particular, nws raug xa mus rau ib tug submarine B-427 641 project), tab sis, ces, tej zaum, peb muaj cov ib txwm inaccuracy.

Tshiab khoom nyob rau hauv lub on-board khoom

Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub nkoj muaj tshiab hom ntawm sonar, radar thiab navigation khoom, lwm yam high-tech (rau cov sij hawm) cov khoom. Yuav kom ntes nto lub hom phaj siv radar system "chij" thiab advanced chaw nres tsheb MG-10 hydrophone yuav tau txais Pib ntsais koj teeb tsis tau tsuas yog nws, tab sis lwm tus "asdikov". Nws ua hauj lwm pab tib lub hom phiaj txoj "Arktika-M", uas yeej ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv lub active hom.

Yog hais tias koj yuav ib tug qauv submarine B-28 Project 641, peb yuav pom tau ib tug loj influx nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, uas tsis muaj tsev nyob tag nrho cov electronics.

Rau cov passive tiv thaiv ntawm lub nkoj yog "teeb M", uas captures txawm deb ua ntej ntawm lwm leej lwm tus sonar pulses. ELINT ua los ntawm complex "freewheeling". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ntau lawm txoj nyob rau hauv lub tsim los ntawm cov tej nkoj nquam yog lossi ua tseem ceeb kev hloov, thiab yog li ntawd meej piav qhia txog tag nrho cov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv-board khoom yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Modernized submarine pass nyob rau hauv lub cim 641B.

Lub ntsiab drawbacks ntawm lub lag luam ntaub ntawv

Thaum pib ntawm qhov kev siv engineers pom hais tias lub paj tau paj ntawm kev ruaj ntseg rau cov Modernization ntawm tus txheej txheem project zoo tsis muaj leej twg. Thiab vim hais tias ntawm kev tso ntawm lub xeem submarines ntawm no series, lawv rov tsim zoo rau cov mus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev hloov no twb tau kiag li rov-txawm peem rau thiab re-txheej txheem ntawm lub thib tsib compartment, designers hloov lub diesel xyaw ntau txhim khu kev qha, hloov tau kuj raug txheem roj teeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, cov submarines sai lub npe hu ua Foxtrot. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj submarines ntawm tej yaam num uas tau kis en masse phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub Warsaw Pact, raws li zoo li lwm yam, pro-Soviet lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, ob submarines tam sim ntawd tom qab lub tsev twb muab tshaj mus rau Poland thiab Is Nrias teb nyob rau hauv kev pw tshwj xeeb submarine, uas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm loj sib txawv los ntawm tus thawj kev kee.

Yog li ntawd, muaj tau muab tso rau txawv roj teeb, muaj ib tug ntev lub neej thaum ua hauj lwm thaum muaj kev kub kub, nyob rau hauv lub plaub compartment tau raug muab tshem tawm cia li ob lub cabins, li no rau hauv lub submarine tswj mus rau qhov chaw huab cua txias system, raws li zoo raws li neeg ua hauj lwm tau considerably muaj peev xwm rau cov dej tshiab. Raws li kuv xav tau, peb submarine B-28 641 project, yuam nyob rau ib lub sij hawm ntev nkaum los ntawm cov Americans nyob rau hauv lub tropics!

Tam sim no lub xeev lub tiaj ua si

Tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws (tsis suav cov socialist bloc lub teb chaws) dhau 13 xws submarines, thiab tau txais lawv, nyob rau hauv particular, Libya thiab Cuba. Tam sim no, cov nkoj nquam yog raws nraim muab tshem tawm kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, cov hlau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-2000s, tau xa ob tug ships Poland, txoj hmoo ntawm tus so yog tsis paub hais tias. Feem ntau cov yuav, lawv cia li tua rau seem. Nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm peb lub teb chaws nws yog ib tug diesel-powered nkoj project 641 (xws li, cov ntsiab lus yog sketchy), tab sis nws yeej yuav sai sai no yuav tsum muab sau tawm, raws li niaj hnub no los hloov lub qub hloov yog "Lada", thiab lwm yam diesel-hluav taws xob submarines.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daim qauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog rau hauv lub Ukrainian Navy (thiab yog tib submarine nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw). Yeej muaj tseeb, qhov mob ntawm lub tsheb yog xws li hais tias nws twb tau hais ntau ntau zaus muaj mus txiav hlau, raws li nws kho yog twb pab tsis tau yus. Uas muaj yog tsuas yog lub fact tias nyob rau hauv 2012 qhov no nkoj rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 20 lub xyoos, tawm hauv nws cov hoob kawm rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Ukrainians cawm nej dim tsuas yog hais tias 641 project (submarines), uas muaj ib tug yees duab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, yog heev txhim khu kev qha los ntawm ib tug kev taw tes ntawm view.

Cuban Missile ntsoog

Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm lub submarine ntawm no hom nws tau ua lug paub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Cuban missile ntsoog. Lawv tau koom tes nyob rau hauv rhuav lub blockade tiv thaiv lub teb chaws Cuba, thiab lub caij nyoog tooj ntawm submarines muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yog tsis paub hais tias mus hnub no. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias muaj submarines ntawm peb tes num 641 19 Brigade. Lub crews yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nyuaj tej yam kev mob, raws li cov kub nyob rau hauv lub compartments tej zaum mus txog 60 degrees Celsius, thiab ntab rau chaw dim pa thiab them lub roj teeb yuav tsis tau, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob nrhiav kom tau los ntawm US cov tsev hais plaub. Alas, lub classic submarine Project 641 tsis muaj cua txias ...

Nyob rau hauv xws yooj yim tej yam kev mob, lub crews, thiab txawm submarine commander tej zaum nyob rau hauv ib ob peb hnub twb tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab muaj tsis muaj cov Soviet Union thiab lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm nuclear tsov rog. Tsuas siab kev txawj thiab siab loj tiv thaiv ib tug kev puas tsuaj zoo kawg. Tom qab tag nrho, on board txhua submarine twb torpedoes nrog nuclear warheads!

Muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 60s muaj mob ntawm kev sib cuag ze li ntawm 641 tej nkoj nquam qhov nrog American ncuab. Tshwj xeeb yog ua piv txwv cov ntaub ntawv, lub yav tas nyob rau hauv 1962. Underwater nkoj project 641 nrog rau cov naj npawb ntawm cov B-36 rau ib ntev lub sij hawm mus ncig kuaj xyuas hauv cheeb tsam lub teb chaws Cuba, ntse txav deb ntawm cov US Navy nrhiav kom tau. Muaj ib hmo, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug niaj hnub mus qaum ntuj, nws tau pom nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ib lam American ncuab, cov neeg coob ntawm cov uas (tsis muaj kev ceeb toom) ua anti-submarine torpedo community launch.

Qhov zoo ces, cov neeg coob ntawm tus B-36 tau ua ntse ntsuav thiab li qhia siv kuj. Tus nres kev tswj kom dim, tiam sis ... Americans tau ntev caum lub nkoj (mus sib sib zog nqus nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, lub roj teeb tawm) thiab dumped nws tus nqi ntawm Firecrackers thiab txawm zoo tib yam grenades, dua Glusha ether. Xa ib tug xov rau Moscow tsuas yog nrog rau hauv lub yim los.

Dua li ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov neeg coob muaj peev xwm mus ua txhaum deb ntawm lub pursuit. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, lub nkoj txuas ntxiv mus nqa nyob rau kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm los mus rau lub Kola ceg av qab teb tsuas yog tom qab feem ntau ntawm cov roj teeb yog tawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov teeb meem no yog cov neeg coob ntawm tus submarine B-28 Project 641, tiam sis muaj tsis muaj torpedo tawm tsam.