Siv cov kev faib, kho thiab Modernization ntawm elevators nyob rau hauv Russia

Elevators feem ntau xa mus rau mechanized grain cia silos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws ceg xws li txais thiab tuav ntawm agricultural khoom. Los ntawm cov pa warehouses thiab granaries elevators txawv uas yog tsim los khaws cov heev loj nyiaj ntawm grain. Cov kev siv ntawm tej chaw yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, ntawm chav kawm, nrog txoj kev ncaj ncees daim ntawv thov ntawm technology. Cov tib mus rau lawv cov txij nkawm thiab Modernization.

statistics

Rau hnub tim, muaj peev xwm rau khaws cia grain nyob rau hauv Russia, hmoov tsis, yog sorely tsis. Raws li kev tshawb fawb Rosstat, tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm silos, warehouses thiab CCH muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, yog hais txog 118 lab tons. Kev lig kev cai - yog ntau tshaj yog yuav tsum tau kom khaws tag nrho sau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm RF sau. Txawm li cas los, lub peev xwm ntawm 118 m txog 66 m nyob rau hauv Russia lees paub rau ua liaj ua teb ntim muaj obsolete tsim. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau, nws warehouses thiab barns, ua nyob rau hauv lub 50 lub ntawm lub xeem tiam. Thaum lawv yog siv raws li cia yog poob mus rau 20% tua tau los lis.

Ua tau tus kheej domestic muaj peev xwm yog heev qub (70%). Thaum no grain elevators Russia yog feem ntau nruab nrog silo thiab bunker Siv, tsis tau raws li niaj hnub hauj thiab logistical yuav tsum.

Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus ib tug tseem ceeb poob ntawm sau thiab tus sawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cia ntawm grain. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no nkaus xwb Modernization ntawm elevators ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv Russia los yog qhov kev siv ntawm tshiab chaw no specialization.

Ib tug ntau yam uas muaj warehouse

By lub sij hawm tag nrho cov elevators yuav txwv kom muab zais rau hauv:

• grain-universal;

• raug (tsim yog feem ntau nyob ze ntawm lub nroj tsuag ua cereals);

• reloading (nyob ze w / d ntshav los yog ports);

• lub xeev, tsim rau cia ntawm grain reserves.

Tseem muaj tshwj xeeb cov tsiaj pub cia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Russia hnub no, thiab tsim zus tau tej cov cav nqa neeg nce me me muaj peev xwm, tsim los rau me me thiab medium-qhov loj qhov me liaj teb.

lwm hom

Saum toj no yog lub ntsiab hom silos. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm "elevator" muaj ib tug dav heev lub ntsiab lus. Siv xws tshuab tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub cia ntawm agricultural khoom. Piv txwv li, grain yuav tau xyaum hoisting khoom muaj nyob rau hauv ntim yees rau cov tuav lub casing. Structurally lawv sawv cev rau ib tug loj heev lub cev nrog ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub center. Yog hais tias lawv tsis kam rig loj raug xwm txheej tshwm sim. Thiab yog li ntawd tus txij nkawm thiab kho ntawm lub drilling cov khoom yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm.

Lwm hom elevators yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cua kub systems. Siv ntawm no hom yog npaj los txo cov system kub mus rau ib tug ib txwm muaj. Sawv cev elevators unpretentious cua kub twj uas tsis yuav tsum tau lub zog tswv yim los ntawm cov sab nraum. Vim nws tshwj xeeb tsa, hauv uas muaj yog nws ntawm dej txias rau kub.

Lub disadvantage ntawm xws khoom yog cia li lub cev tsis los tswj qhov kub ntawm lub coolant ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd niaj hnub nim no ua Modernization ntawm lub cua sov system nrog elevator los ntawm kev siv rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tus tsav. Xeem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub zog ntawm ib rab koob lub khob hliav qab, yog tias tsim nyog lub kaw ntaus nozzle. Tsaug rau nws cov xub ntiag, nws yuav tau kho lub xov tooj ntawm cov uas los ntawm lub cev ntawm cov dej elevator.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm silos: Nta

Drilling thiab adjustable elevators yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm yees thiab lub cua sov. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau qhov no notion yog to taub tsis tau hais tias ib tug txhab nplej. Yog li ntawd ntxiv xav nyob rau hauv kom meej lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev siv, kho thiab Modernization ntawm xws systems.

Tej Elevators sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm silo pej thuam. Yuav kom txhim tsa xws li ib tug qauv yuav tsum ua los ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau cov feem ntau siv rau lub hom phiaj no cib los yog ua vaj tse. Ru tsev, qhov rais thiab qhov rooj silos npaj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas yuav tshem tawm tsis tau ntawm tau txais mus rau hauv dej cia. Paul yuav tsum tau waterproofing los tiv thaiv lub grain los ntawm qhov av dej.

Tsev silo ib txwm nyob rau lub slab foundation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv pem teb ntawm cov thawj pem teb nyob rau hauv lub yees tob ntawm 80-250 cm. Yuav ua li cas ua tau li ntawd feem ntau vim hais tias ntawm yuav tsum tau mus ua kab txais kiag li lawm thiab platforms w / d thiab kev thauj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lawm chaw (dispatching, tej thaj chaw deb tswj, thiab hais txog. D.), nyob rau hauv cov ua hauj lwm yees yog hauv silos. Lawv yog npaj rau lub sij cia ntawm lub grain. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov kev siv yuav lub installation ntawm elevators 2-3 loj silos. Cov lug yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov hlau los ua vaj tse.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub silo, hopper mounted rau elevators, tsim los tso cov grain. Los ntawm Txhab lawv txawv nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv yog reminiscent ntawm ntxeev pyramid hauv qab.

Muaj cov khoom cia

Siv cov kev faib elevators saib xyuas specializing nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub tuam txhab. Cov npe feem ntau muab tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov khoom rau granaries. Sib nrug los ntawm silos thiab qoob, cov ntauwd yuav muab ntsia tau rau, piv txwv li:

• purification dlaim (separators skalperators);

• Aspiration system (tshem tawm ntawm lub teeb impurities);

• Flow teev.

Tsiv chaw ua hauj lwm cereal granaries ua siv elevators (nqa) thiab transporters ntawm txawv designs.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub elevator

Cov raug txheej txheem ntawm tej granaries muaj xws li cov nram qab no lub ntsiab txheej txheem:

• kev txaus sab ntawm grain;

• nws ua (kom qhuav thiab tu);

• cia;

• Cov nyiaj so koobtsheej neeg.

Thaum txais kev pab xaus grain elevator pre-txheeb los ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb (zoo, degree ntawm dej los yog khib nyiab thiab t.). Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ntauwd tiv kev txom nyem, ntxuav, qhuav thiab xa mus rau cia ntawm ib tug conveyor. Zaub mov xa tuaj ntawm grain silos nyob rau hauv railcars feem ntau ua los ntawm diplegs los yog siv tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

Kho ntawm elevators: Nta

Txij li thaum cov khoom rau grain cia nyob rau hauv feem ntau siv rau hauv lub qub, mus rau lub koom haum ntawm nws txij nkawm thiab kho yuav tsum tau mus them. Yog li, nws yog ua tau, albeit tsuas yog me ntsis, tab sis tseem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cia ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov khoom thiab txo losses mus rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus elevators yuav tsum nqa tawm cov kev kho, xws li:

1. Sealing ntawm inter-vaj huam sib luag pob qij txha chaw. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tsis zoo ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb cov pob qij txha thiab cia silos yog maj deformed thiab rhuav tshem.

2. Txhab Tu thiab sealing ntawm tawg nyob rau hauv lawv cov phab ntsa. Tus tsim ntawm no lub sij hawm mus rau lub elevators yog lossi raug mob loj heev kab rov tav thiab ntsug loads, uas ua rau yus tag nrho no yam uas tsis xws luag. Embedded tawg nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa Txhab feem ntau siv ib tug xis mas xuab zeb mortar. Nws kuj yuav ua thiab ntxiv dag zog rau silos los ntawm gilzovaniya.

3. Hloov qhov rais thiab hauj tshem tawm mezhsilosnyh oversleeping.

4. Txum Tim Rov Qab tus kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm kev reinforced lug.

5. Kho ntawm ru tsev nrog mastic.

6. Kho ntawm cua tshuab.

Painting ntawm vaj tse thiab cov khoom

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav qhuav nyob rau hauv cia silos. Qhob nto txawv porosity thiab tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug plurality ntawm microcracks. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov kev nce ntawm huab cua noo nyob rau hauv lub cia, lawv cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tseg tsuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb Cracking xim.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, pleev xim rau elevators yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas lub khw lawv tus kheej. Las qhov kev kho no yuav tsum tau teem thiab sab hauv tsev cov khoom: .. Dryers, conveyors, thoob elevators, etc. Mus leg xws designs feem ntau siv Silverfish.

Cov kev pab cuam ntawm Modernization

Kho, yog li cia ib co rau txo grain losses nyob rau elevator ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem. Txawm li cas los, yuav ua rau ntau tus lawm txheej txheem raws li npaum li sai tau, ntawm chav kawm, tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua ib lub lag luam xws li Modernization ntawm elevators thiab lawv reconstruction. Raws li twb tau hais, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom thiab cov chaw muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, lub granaries yog obsolete. Cov kev pab cuam ntawm Modernization ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem elevators yuav li xam tau tias yog:

• kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm grain cia;

• kom lub zog efficiency;

• txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig grain cia;

• ib tug ntshiab lub sij hawm mus txiav saib xyuas qhov kev kawm ntawm tag nrho cov departments, thiab li tus txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muab kev koom tes.

Modernization ntawm elevators nyob rau hauv Russia: cov kev hloov ntawm cov khoom

Ib co kev ntsuas tsom ntawm optimizing lub lag luam ntawm lub qub txhab, tej zaum yuav muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

• kom qhuav muaj peev xwm;

• hloov thauj mechanisms nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub;

• ntxiv cov khoom cia thiab tau txais cov ntsiab lus;

• kev hloov ntawm obsolete thermo ib lub tshiab.

Tsis tas li ntawd Modernization ntawm elevators thiab feem ntau yuav cov tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev sib raug teeb meem. Qhov no yuav ua tau, piv txwv li, cov tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo, hmoov av, muaj cov nplej ntawm cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub operating khoom siv, thiab li ntawm. D. Tej zaum reconstructed granaries thiab ua xws li ib tug txheej txheem raws li redevelopment ntawm thaj chaw.

Qhov yuav tsum tau modernize thermometry tshuab

Khoom ntawm no hom yog nyob rau ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab elevators. Nws yog los ntawm nws tus lag luam nyob lom zem ntau nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm agricultural khoom. Lub fact tias cov grain nyob rau hauv lub silos yog ntau heev xws li ib tug tsis zoo tshwm sim raws li nws tus kheej-cua sov los vim ntev li dej.

Yog hais tias koj ntau tshaj qhov pub kub nyob rau hauv lub strata, txuag liaj ua teb ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj sai li sai tau. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv feem ntau elevator thermometry system rau hnub tim kuj yog dhau caij nyoog thiab yuav tsum tau hloov los yog kev txhim kho.

Nta ntawm cov kev tswj system txawj tej yam ntxiv

Reconstruction ntawm uas twb muaj lawm cov khoom rau lub txhab ntawm no hom feem ntau tso cai rau koj mus rau:

• kom sai tau txais ntaub ntawv txog qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov muab luj;

• sai sai thiab yooj yim tsom xam tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;

• Kom archives ntawm cov kev ntsuam.

Modernization ntawm elevators assumes lub koom haum ntawm ntau hom ntawm kev tswj systems. Heev nrov, piv txwv li, nws yog ib tug thermometric khoom khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm analog sensors. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv ntawm lub yav tas, cov lwm yam, tso cai rau kev siv ntawm twb muaj nyob rau ntawm lub yav dhau los tiam ntawm lub elevator ncua kev kawm ntawv.

Tej zaum saib xyuas system yog supplemented granaries thiab insensitive rau cuam cov sensors. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ua sawv, tsis tau hloov mus rau lub ntau lawm txheej txheem nrog ib tug tsis muaj nyiaj lub Modernization thiab automation ntawm lub thermometric khoom.