Raphael ua hauj lwm: daim ntawv teev, cov duab

Rafael Santi, tus poj Italian neeg pleev kob, graphic artist, kws kes duab vajtse, follower ntawm lub Umbrian tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, tau yug los peb hlis ntuj 28, 1483 nyob rau hauv Urbino. Tus tub yog yim xyoo thaum nws niam tuag, thiab peb xyoos tom qab nws poob nws leej txiv. Giovanni Santi yog ib tug neeg pleev kob, thiab ua ntej nws tuag yuav tsum tau ua kom paub nws tus tub mus rau lub qhia txog painting.

Thaum pib ntawm creativity

Tus thawj hauj lwm ntawm Raphael hnub tim 1496 xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm mural twb pleev xim rau "Madonna thiab tus me nyuam", uas niaj hnub no yog nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej. Ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov tshwm sim raws li "Holy banner nrog tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity" (1499), thaj nrag "Lub Coronation ntawm St. Nicholas ntawm Tolentino," sau rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm S. Agostino nyob rau hauv lub tuaj txog pem ntwg Città di Castello. Early hauj lwm los ntawm Raphael txawv style paub tsis meej, tab sis tseem ntsia zoo li cov duab no yog heev mature artist.

kev kawm

Nyob rau hauv 1501, cov neeg pleev Santi nkag mus hauv lub qhia ntawm tus naas ej neeg pleev kob Petro Perudzhino. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm senior saib tau tsis tshua muaj neeg pab tau rau Raphael. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws lub ntawm Perugino muab kev koom tes ob peb cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tag nrho tej hauj lwm ntawm Raphael tias lub sij hawm sau ntawv rau hauv cov style ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Txawm li cas los, Petro Perudzhino insisted tias nws feem ntau gifted me nyuam kawm ntawv aspired rau lub attainment ntawm nws tus kheej painting yam.

Koj tus kheej style nyob ntawm tus hluas artist tom qab, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv tus tswv lub rhiav. Ib txhia tej hauj lwm ntawm Raphael, paintings, sketches, sketches, los ua ib tug neeg cob rau txawv siv khoom los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Pietro sim ua rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv.

Tus thawj txiav txim

Rafael Santi, nws ua hauj lwm, kev txawj thiab tej txuj ci los ua lug paub nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv, twb tau hnov txog nws lub siab zoo ibyam ntawm cov txiv plig, thiab cov neeg pleev kob tau txais ob peb lucrative txiav txim rau nrag pawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv Perugia thiab Città di Castello. Uas yog yuav pab tau heev, raws li ib tug aspiring artist nyob ib tug muaj nyiaj lub neej thiab yuav tsum tau nyiaj.

Nyob rau hauv 1501, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Raphael Madonna nws yog nws thawj ntxiv, cov painting "Madonna Solly." Lub web yog lus nqus tej splendor. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov artist yuav tsim ib tug ob peb ntau Madonnas nyob rau hauv sib txawv txhais. Cov npe no yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob thoob plaws nws lub neej.

lub tsev teev ntuj lub ntsiab

Rafael Santi, nto moo tej hauj lwm uas nyob rau ib lub kev cai dab qhuas ntsiab, cuaj kaum feem ntau tig mus rau qhov kev kawm ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov neeg, thiab sim mus ntes nyob rau hauv nws duab scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm lub Koom Txoos raug nqos ib tug txawj ntse cov neeg pleev kob, nws pom tau hais tias nws yuav siv nws kos duab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 16th, lawv tau tsim xws masterpieces ua tus "Coronation" thiab "Betrothal ntawm Mary". Ob paintings tau sau nyob rau hauv 1504 thiab tau npaj rau lub thaj. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm Rafael kev tsim "qhov Portrait ntawm Pietro Bembo", "Saint George thiab nws sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus zaj," "Madonna Conestabile".

Michelangelo thiab lwm tus neeg

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1504 Rafael Santi mus rau Florence. Muaj, nws tau ntsib Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Bartolomeo Chaw nres nkoj. Style ntawm Michelangelo thiab Da Vinci tshwm sim los ntawm Raphael thiab nws pib mus kawm lawv cov style kos, thiab rau clarity, ua rau cov ntawv luam ntawm tawg tsam ntawm paintings los ntawm yawm ntxias. Ntaub da Vinci "Leda thiab cov os dej dawb" Santi rubbings rau nws tus kheej yuav luag tag. Nrog ib daim duab ntawm Michelangelo tus "Saint Mathais", nws tsis zoo li qub. Ob lub tswv dej siab rau cov kev siv zog uas tus hluas artist. Thiab nws txiav txim siab los caum cuag kom deb li deb li sai tau nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm painting nrog lub Florentine craftsmen.

tshiab txiav txim

Tus thawj txiav txim ntawm Santi tau txais tom qab lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm tus poj txiv neej Anolo Doni, los tsim portraits ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nws tus poj niam. Nyob hauv daim duab nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub noble cov poj niam kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias tus ntawm Leonardo thiab nws cov "Mona Lisa." Portrait ntawm cov artist hu ua "Doni Tondo".

Tom qab tag qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Signor Agnolo, Rafael pib sau thaj paintings "Tus poj niam nrog tus Unicorn", "Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub hleb", "Madonna sawv nrog Nicola los ntawm Bari thiab John the Baptist." Artist lub koob meej loj hlob, nws sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, nrog lawv nyob "Holy Ekaterina Aleksandriyskaya" (1507), "Cov neeg dawb huv" (1508), "Saint Elizabeth nrog John the Baptist" (1509), "Madonna thiab Yauxej beardless" ( 1509).

Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Raphael

Raws li nyob rau hauv Florence, Santee tau sau ntau tshaj nees nkaum Madonnas. Zajlus yog cov tib: yog cov me nyuam mos nyob rau hauv nws caj npab, thiab nws plays ze rau Ioanna Krestitelya, uas yog feem ntau kuj xwm nyob rau hauv daim duab. Tag nrho cov Madonna xwm nyob rau hauv lub canvases nrog ib tug tsiaj hiav txwv rau lub ntsej muag ntawm niam mob. Cov duab ntawm lub sij hawm sawv tawm: "Madonna del Granduca" (1505), "Madonna Terranuova" (1505), "Madonna nyob rau hauv ib tug toj" (1506), "Madonna ntawm lub pinks" (1506), "Madonna ntawm lub Goldfinch" ( 1506), "La Belle Jardinière" (1508).

Vatican

Qhov kawg ntawm 1509 Raphael mus rau Rome, nyob qhov twg nws yuav nyob kom txog rau thaum nws tuag. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Donato Bramante Santi los ua lub tsev hais plaub cov neeg pleev kob rau lub Papal chaw nyob. Nws twb entrusted rau pleev xim lub frescoes ntawm plaub chav ntawm lub palace, qhov thiaj li hu ua "chaw nres tsheb". Rafael xaiv ntxhais uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau hom ntawm kev txawj ntse kev ua tib neeg: philosophy, paj huam, kev ntseeg thiab jurisprudence. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov chav ntawm cov neeg pleev muab cov frescoes nyob rau hauv raws li cov xeeb tswv yim. Raphael stanzas yog npe hu ua "kev ncaj ncees", "Debate", "Parnassus" thiab "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens."

lub neej ua hauj lwm

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj masterpiece ntawm cov neeg pleev yog suav tias yog lub ntiaj teb no-nrov "Sistine Madonna", tsim nyob rau hauv 1513. Raphael pleev xim rau cov commissioned los ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Sixtus nyob rau hauv Piacenza. Qhov no yog ib tug heev kawg ib co artistic chaw ua hauj lwm, nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov me interplay ntawm cov kab, txhua yam yog subordinated mus rau lub elusive atherosclerosis ntawm puab sib raug zoo. Lub canvas yog loj, tab sis lub qhov muag yog muaj tag nrho cov zoo cov ntsiab lus.

"Lub Triumph ntawm Galatea"

Ib tug zoo-paub philanthropist thiab patron ntawm cov kawm Askiv, cov Italian Augustino Chigi caw Raphael frescoes kho nws suburban villa rau tus ntug dej ntawm lub Tiber. Preference tau muab nyob rau tib lub kawm los ntawm cov mythology ntawm antiquity. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug masterpiece, "Lub Triumph ntawm Galatea". Nyob rau mural depicting tus Yaj Saub thiab Sibyl. Cov painting no yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist.

Madonna

Rafael Santi, uas nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - nws yog twv yuav raug hu "Madonna", pleev xim rau nyob rau hauv tib lub ua tsis taus pa. Dawb Huv Mary thiab me nyuam, cov dab neeg twb siv los ntawm cov artist ntau zaus. Tej zaum nws ntxiv ib Ioanna Krestitelya, uas yog organically txuas nrog lub ntsiab duab. Tag nrho cov "Madonna" los ntawm Raphael - Ntau tshaj plaub caug paintings yog cov uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub exhibition - qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm no kuj zoo kawg artist li Rafael Santi. Tej hauj lwm, uas yog sau hauv qab no - yog lub Madonna xwm cov neeg pleev kob rau tag nrho nws luv luv tab sis fruitful lub neej.

• "Lub Sistine Madonna" - (1513-1514), ib daim duab gallery nyob rau hauv Dresden.
• "Solly Madonna" (1500-1504), Gemäldegalerie.
• "Diotalevi Madonna" (1504), lub Bode Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Berlin.
• "Madonna del Granduca" (1504), Florence, Palazzo Pitti.
• "Nkauj xwb Orleans" (1506), Conde Tsev khaws puav pheej, Fabkis.
• "Tus Vaj Tsev Neeg nrog lub xibtes" (1506), National Gallery ntawm Scotland, Edinburgh.
• "Madonna del Prato" (1506), Art History Tsev khaws puav pheej, Vienna.
• "Madonna ntawm lub Goldfinch" (1506), Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
• "La Belle Jardinière" (1507), Cov Louvre, Paris.
• "Niccolini-Cowper Madonna" (1508), National Gallery ntawm Kos duab, Washington.
• "Madonna ntawm Foligno" (1511-1512), Vatican City.
• "Tus Vaj Family nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo" (1518), lub Museo del Prado, Madrid.
• "Madonna ntawm Divine Kev Hlub" (1518), lub National tsev cia puav pheej, Naples.
• "Esterhazy Madonna" (1508), tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts, Budapest.

Tag nrho lwm cov hauj lwm ntawm Raphael, uas nws yees duab nyob rau hauv lub catalog mob siab rau nws ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub sau thiab Wage rau lub kos duab ntawm painting.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1513 nyob rau hauv 1516 xyoo Rafael Santi tau lwm papal kev txiav txim, ua sketches ntawm tapestries rau lub Sistine Chapel tsuas yog kaum. Nws mus txog rau peb no tsuas muaj xya nuj nqis. Ces Rafael ua ke nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv pleev xim rau balconies, uas tso lub loog ntawm qhov Vatican. Tag nrho tsib caug-ob frescoes rau ntawm lub ntsiab biblical ntxhais twb ua li cas.

tshiab posts

Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1514 Donato Bramante tuag, thiab Dad muab St. Peter Basilica nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm pib ntawm Raphael. Ib xyoo tom qab, cov artist tau txais ncej Vatican Antiquities keeper. Nyob rau hauv 1515, lub Vatican tau mus xyuas tus naas ej Albrecht Dürer, uas nws engravings twb tsim tau ib tug furore nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tau ntsib cov Rafael, thiab txij thaum ntawd ob tug tseem tabtom yuav muaj tswv yim nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag, cov kev pab ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis yog ze rau ntawm.

finale

Xeem tuag khoom Raphael - yog "Transformation," sau nyob rau hauv lub 1518-1520 xyoo. Lub sab qaum kev ib lub hom ntaub khov heev muab rau tus biblical zaj dab neeg ntawm lub txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev hloov hlo ntawm Tswv Yexus, ua ntej James, Petus thiab Yauhas. Nyob rau hauv qis ib feem muaj cov thwj tim thiab raging menyuam tub. Rafael tsis tas cov duab, nws muaj ntxiv txoj kev tuag ntawm tus tswv cov neeg pleev kob Giulio Romano.

Qhov zoo artist tuag nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1520 nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 37 xyoo los ntawm kab mob ua npaws. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub Pantheon.