Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv ntawm kev kawm sau ntawv

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv - ib tug txheeb ze lub sij hawm. Zoo luam ib tsab ntawm lub caij - nws txoj hauj lwm, nqa tus txiv neej solace, tswv yim, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse, thrills. Yog li, lub kev txiav txim zoo tshaj yuav yog qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ib tug tej yam kev thov phau ntawv nyeem ntawv.

Rau ib txhia neeg, yog muaj nuj nqis xwb tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv: ib tug documentary, scientific, kev, kev kho mob, muaj. Tab sis es, nws yog khoom noj rau kev xav. Txawm li cas los, tseem rau feem ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv uas xav nyob rau hauv kos duab phau ntawv. Lawv pab mus rau tsim ntawm sab ntsuj plig nam. Nyob rau lawv yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Art phau ntawv - ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim muaj. Galaxy ntawm xav los ntawm txawv sij hawm thiab eras ntseeg ntawv lawv cia siab, soj, kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tseeb, lub neej, tib neeg. Remarkably, thaum cov sau phau ntawv pib tiag tiag li dluab nrog sib sib zog nqus thiab cim quotes (tej zaum - ib xyoo caum dhau los, thiab tej zaum - century) ci ntsa iab rau hauv lub neej ntawm peb cov contemporaries!

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sib tw "Phau Ntawv ntawm lub xyoo"

Tam sim no phau ntawv sau txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Russia tsis tshua muaj neeg fruitful thiab muaj tus yam ntxwv coj decadence:

• creativity mus dhau: tus sau phau ntawv feem ntau sau cia li hais txog dab tsi raws li ntev raws li tus nyeem ntawv nyiam;
• hloov cov lus qhia yeej;
• lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub ua ke ntawm impromptu sau ntawm innovation thiab kev lig kev cai;
• phau ntawv ua tej yam tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, interactivity;
• tib neeg ib ncig portrayed ib chaotic, tsis paub hais tias, pointless.

Qhia cov txawj txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib tug constructive txoj kev, kom tsis txhob yaig ntawm lub teb chaws thiab hnia nws yeej feemxyuam pib - lub overarching teeb meem uas niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Qho kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov phau ntawv, uas sau peb contemporaries yog txhua xyoo lub teb chaws kev sib tw ntawm lub hom "Phau Ntawv ntawm lub xyoo." Lawv lub koom haum, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim mus tsim kho ob lub sau ntawv thiab tshaj tawm.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev sib tw nyob rau hauv 2014, ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hlis ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, nws yog kawm los ntawm 150 tawm xa mus rau tus contest ntau tshaj li tsib puas phau ntawv. Winners tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv yim no:

• prose - tshiab "Resident" (Zahar Prilepin);
• paj huam - translation ntawm Shakespeare tus "King Lear" (Gigoriy Kruzhkov);
• tseeb rau cov me nyuam - zaj dab neeg "nyob qhov twg galloping nees qaib dib?" (Svetlana lava);
• Art phau ntawv - "Kargopolskaya lus" (npaj los ntawm lub zos architectural thiab kos duab museum);
• Nomination Humanitas - artistic thiab documentary album "Lermontov" (State Archives of Arts thiab ntawv);
• E-phau ntawv - xov xwm project "Yasnaya Polyana" thiab "Yaroslavl tej tuam tsev" ( "Sputnik" Bureau tej yaam num);
• nomination "Luam tawm hauv Russia" - lub album "ceg. Phau Ntawv kab lis kev cai ";
• lub ntsiab nqi zog ntawm kev sib tw "Phau Ntawv ntawm lub xyoo 2014" - lub peb tagnrho ntawm "Russia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv" (ib pab neeg ntawm 190 kev tshawb fawb universities, puas, archives).

Mus sum txog: cov saum toj no-hais cov hom phiaj ntawm cov kev sib tw yog los txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no ntawm lub neej kev; incentives rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws sau phau ntawv thiab publishers. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, qhov no tshwm sim muaj cov pov thawj nws motivating luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Thaum kawg, lawv tau nominated rau tus Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, uas muaj peev xwm rightly yuav hu ua lub classics:

• 2004, nomination "luag" - "Ua tsaug koj li, Shurik" (Lyudmila Ulitskaya); nomination "bestseller" - "Hmo ntuj Watch" (Sergey Lukyanenko);
• 2005, nomination "luag" - "Volteryantsy thiab Voltairiennes" (Vasily Aksenov);
• 2011, nomination "luag" - "Kuv lieutenant" (Daniyee Ganin).

International phau ntawv kev

Raws li peb hais, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, feem ntau nrov phau ntawv, ua tsaug crystallized nyob rau hauv cov kev xav yog rau nws txawj nyeem ntawv tiag tiag cov phooj ywg, counselors, kev xyiv fab. Thiab sau tus sau phau ntawv hu ua classics.

By txuj ci qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab universities, lawv yog lug hais thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Niaj hnub nimno fashionable sib ua kev ntawm tag nrho cov uas nyob ib ncig peb, yog tsis spared thiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv Internet navigation no dozens ntawm versions ntawm lub "puas zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv."

Cov npe no muaj ib co nqi. Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov novice nyeem ntawv yuav yooj yim npaum li mus nrhiav tau rau kev nyeem ntawv tiag tiag qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv nrog kaum thiab pua pua txhiab ntawm cov khoom. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg pom tau tias lawv kis nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kab lis kev cai (uas yog ib feem ntawm domestic thiab txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv), xws li ib tug ntsuam xyuas muaj peev xwm ua ib tug txoj kev daim ntawv qhia.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov kev taw qhia rau xaiv rau xws li ib tug qhia? Yog hais tias koj xav paub nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv, peb xav kom koj siv ib tug ntawm cov kev rau versions:

• British Broadcasting Company (BBC);
• British ntawv xov xwm Cov Soj Ntsuam;
• Union ntawm Writers ntawm Russia;
• Fabkis ntawv xov xwm Le Monde;
• American publisher Niaj hnub nimno tsev qiv ntawv;
• Norwegian phau ntawv qws.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov xov xwm lub koom haum ntawm txhua lub teb chaws, sau qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv, sim ua daim ntawv teev cov sab saum toj chaw them sau phau ntawv-countrymen. Thiab nws yog txoj kev txaus cai. Tom qab tej txuj ci pom tau hais tias classics, los tsim lawv tus masterpieces los ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no rau tam sim no hnub, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, incompatible. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev yog ib txog kev mus rau lub plawv ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Cov tshwm sim tuaj rau peb tom qab ntau txhiab xyoo: cov ntawv ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no

Ib daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv uas muaj tuaj sau rau peb los ntawm lub millennia thiab lub legacy ntawm lwm yam eras, yog theej limited. Txawm li cas los, lawv yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hnub no lub rankings. Yog li ntawd, peb sau ntawv txog lawv. Tu siab, keeb kwm tsis tau fwm tus ancient tsev qiv ntawv: Lwm Haiv Neeg tiv thaiv cov phau ntawv raws li tau zoo raws li yeeb ncuab. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, nws twb puas lawm ib tug nplua nuj tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Alexandria, numbering txog li 700,000 papyrus phau.

Yuav ua li cas phau ntawv ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob-lub classics yuav tsum tau hais ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, hais lus ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub koob meej nyob rau hauv Latin deserves Publius Vergilius Maro, sau ntawm "Lub Aeneid", thiab nyob rau hauv ancient Greek - Homer, sau ntawm "Lub Odyssey" thiab "Iliad." Coj los ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Virgil, Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij thiab kws sau paj lug Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov tsim accentual-syllabic nqe system, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug launching ncoo rau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tau tsuas yog Virgil thiab Homer suav hais tias yog ancient classics. Latin ua hauj lwm raws li Horace, Cicero, tus ntawd yog Xixas, thiab nyob rau hauv Greek - Aristotle, Plato, Aristophanes. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib lub ob yav tas los hais lub npe mus rau lub loj tshaj raws li yuav nthuav qhia qhov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no.

Phau ntawv Europe lub ntu ntawm capitalism tsim

Txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm chav kawm, muab ntau npaum li cas ua kom tiav daim ntawv teev cov sau phau ntawv, tshaj tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ancient Rome. Qhov no yog facilitated los ntawm ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov European lub xeev.

Fabkis lawv zoo kiv puag ncig tau paub mus rau lub neej rau hauv cov romantic tib neeg dee rau txoj kev ywj pheej, koob pheej ntawm lawv, fraternity. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, tau pib mus rau tsim kom muaj nws statehood, nyob rau hauv unison, lub Fabkis tseem prevailed Romanticism.

Rau hauv sib piv, muaj, urbanized thiab politically ruaj khov teb chaws Aas Kiv - tus poj niam ntawm lub seas - tau pom cov haib tshaj thiab paub tab txawj txheej txheem, leaning ntawm realism.

Nws yog feem ntau txais tias lub feem ntau zoo-paub sau ntawv uas luam tawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis thaum lub sij hawm - nws yog Viktor Gyugo ( "Les Miserables", "Notre Dame") thiab Zhorzh Xuab zeb ( "Consuelo").

Txawm li cas los, hais lus ntawm Fabkis pab rau lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav tsum hais cov npe ntawm Alexander Dumas ( "Hlau daim npog qhov ncauj," "Peb Musketeers", "Lub Count ntawm Monte Cristo"), Voltaire (zaj paj huam "Agathocles"), Charles Baudelaire (sau los ntawm cov kwv huam " Paris Po "," Paj ntawm kev phem "), Moliere (" Tartuffe "," Lub Bourgeois zoo "," Lub miser ") Stendhal (" Perm abode "," liab thiab dub "), Balzac (" Gobsek "," Evgeniya Gande "" Godis-cap "), huaj vam Mérimée (" The Vaj Keeb Kwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Charles lub IX "," Tamango ").

Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv ib tug romantic, raug ntawm thaum ntxov bourgeois teb chaws Europe yuav mus ntxiv, hais txog tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Spaniards thiab Germans. Ib tug ci ntsa iab sawv cev ntawm lub Mev classical ntaub ntawv yog Cervantes ( "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha"). Ntawm German classics nto moo Johann Wolfgang Goethe ( "Faust", "Tsiaj qus Rose"), Genrih Geyne ( "Mus ncig teb chaws Harz"), Friedrich Schiller ( "kev koom tes ntawm Fiesco nyob rau hauv Genoa", "tub sab"), Franz Kafka ( "ploj lawm "," txheej txheem ").

Romantic taug txuj kev nyuaj cov phau ntawv-pov tseg entourage lub neej tiag tiag, lawv zaj dab neeg raug raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm exceptional heroes nyob rau hauv extraordinary yam.

Lub heyday ntawm British ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua legislators "portrait hom" nyob rau hauv cov European teb chaws raws li British sau ntawv rau sab xis. Fabkis sau phau ntawv pib los ntawm lub Great kiv puag ncig, tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte muab tsawg.

Cov kawm lus Askiv tau lawv tus kheej tej kev sau ntawv kev lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub XIV caug xyoo, lub ntiaj teb no tseem pom tau hais tias lub hauv paus rau William Shakespeare thiab txoj kev sib raug zoo tswv yim ntawm Thomas More. By tsim lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ruaj muaj haiv neeg, British sau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua pib lub evolutionary hloov los ntawm classical courtly romance (romantic) rau tej hauj lwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo, puas siab puas ntsws.

Lawv yog cov ntau pragmatic tshaj lub Fabkis, sim los teb cov lus philosophical lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog tus txiv neej, thiab hais tias xws li qhov chaw" Cov tshiab xav pib Daniel Defoe ( "Robinson Crusoe") thiab Dzhonatan Svift ( "Gulliver"). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, teb chaws Aas Kiv tau pom tias ib tug tshiab qauv ntawm Romanticism, raws li pom los ntawm Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, sau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm "Don Juan" thiab "Childe Harold lub Pilgrimage."

Literary realism kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua powerfully tsim tsa cov zoo-paub sau ntawv:

- brilliantly feemxyuam Charles Dickens (uas tom qab F. M. Dostoevsky hu ua nws tus kws qhia ntawv);

- kev txawj ntse uniqueness mus stoically thauj kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev txom nyem, Charlotte Bronte, zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau tus tshiab "Dzheyn Eyr";

- tus creator ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo Sherlock Holmes - Arthur Conan Doyle;

- Thomas Hardy thiab caum kolenonepreklonenny muag xov xwm ( "Tess ntawm lub genus Deberviley").

Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua kub. Feem ntau cov loj cov npe

Classic Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv txuam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw uas muaj cov npe ntawm Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo, Antona Pavlovicha Chehova. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua (uas yog feem ntau txais) Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muab mus rau hauv lub feem ntau tiag tiag li kev cai tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lawm.

Cia peb cov lus piv txwv saum toj no. Indisputable classics ua Tolstoy lub style ntawm kev sau ntawv novels. Piv txwv li, American sau Margaret Mitchell sau nws nto moo epic "Ncaim Nrog cua", yog peb xyaum rau hauv cov style ntawm Leo Tolstoy.

Nws twb tseem dav paub nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub siab tshaj plaws txheem tho psychology xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv Dostoevsky. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub zoo-paub paub txog, Freud thov hais tias tsis muaj leej twg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus qhia rau nws dab tsi tshiab txog lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus txiv neej, tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Thiab Chekhov tus innovation tshwm sim sau ntawv pib sau ntawv rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm qhov txhia ntawm tus txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub eminent British playwright Bernard Shou xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej nws cov thwj tim. Yog li, txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua thiab muaj ib tug muaj zog ideological kev loj hlob, thiab tshiab vector ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Yog li ntawd, kuv cov phooj ywg, nyeem "ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb", "Anna Karenina", "Kev ua txhaum thiab rau txim rau", "Dab", "Lub Cherry vaj txiv," "Tus Seagull" - koj lub luag hauj lwm.

Nco ntsoov rau hauv lub Literary kev

Lub fact tseem hais tias cov pua pua ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm nyob ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm phau ntawv, sau nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Hais tias cov neeg sau ntawv txiav txim siab mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas tsim lub inertial thiab tsis tas ruaj khov kawm ntawv.

Yog muaj tseeb no? Far los ntawm nws. Nws yog xav paub ntau tsim nyog hloov cov kev kawm, kev noj mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas cov tastes tiag tiag zoo readership. Nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, tsis yog ib tug me me qhia tshaj tej hauj lwm ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub cov ntaub ntawv kawm yuav tsum coj tus kev ua hauj lwm ntawm sau ntawv ntawm XX thiab XXI caug xyoo.

Classic Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no - nws tsis yog tsuas yog tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, tab sis cov phau ntawv Mihaila Bulgakova, Victor Pelevin. Peb txhob txwm tshaj tawm kev xav nab tus xeeb ntxwv, hais txog xwb ib ob peb npe nto moo paj huam thiab sau ntawv.

Raising lub npe: "Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov phau ntawv - qhov zoo tshaj plaws", nws yog tsim nyog los piav ntau zog ntxiv rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm classics rau tam sim no thiab yav dhau los centuries.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv rau cov version ntawm cov cua Force. Ib qho tseem ceeb saib

Thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv, raws li cov BBC, yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tshiab trilogy Dzhona Ronalda Tolkien tus "tus tswv ntawm lub Rings." Peb them rau kev mloog kom qhov no tsab xov xwm, qhov no ua hauj lwm-fantasy. Phau ntawv nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov zajlus, raws li nyob rau hauv ancient legends, yog tsis tshua muaj heev.

Dab tsi yog qhov vim li cas rau lub ntsuam xyuas cov kws txawj xws cov qhab nias siab? Xwb, lub Oxford University xib fwb nws Spellbinders concelebrated teb chaws Aas Kiv zoo kev pab cuam. Nws yog meej thiab comprehensively kawm lus dab neeg uas Albion (hitherto tawg khiav ri niab thiab fragmentary), figuratively hais lus, rasplel nws rau ib tug xov thiab wove rau hauv ib tug unified tswvyim ntawm tus tawm tsam ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem. Yuav kom hais tias nws ua li ntawd nws brilliantly. Nyob rau uniqueness ntawm lub trilogy qhia tau hais tias ib tug xav paub qhov tseeb. Thaum tus neeg sau ntawm "tus tswv ntawm lub Rings" tom qab lub qhuab qhia tuaj rau ib tug npau taws tus paub txog colleague thiab liam tus kws uas sau plagiarism.

Niaj hnub nimno cov ntawv tseeb, tej zaum hitherto twb tsis muaj xws koom haum ua teb. Tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm tus kws nyob conclusive, nws coj cov tsis meej pem sau ntawm "lub nplhaib" tsis paub hais tias lub xeem cov ntawv luam ntawm drawings ntawm lub ancient annals ntawm lub British, uas ciali los qhia ua hauj lwm ntawm Tolkien.

Qhov no yog tib yam! Ib tug neeg tau ua li cas rau tsis yooj yim sua - mus muab, npaj, thiab, kawg tab sis tsis kawg, presentable xav txog tej yam lub ancient lus dab neeg ntawm lawv cov teb chaws. Tsis muaj lub zem Koroleva Elizaveta II muab tsub lub saib xyuas lub npe ntawm Chevalier ntawm tus kws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv.

Ib txhia ntawm lwm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsuam xyuas rau BBC

Feeb ntau, nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv qeb duas cov ntaub muaj xws li classic phau ntawv ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, xws li cov Anglo-American cov ntaub ntawv nyeem (novels)

• Cov me nyuam ntawv tseeb trilogy "Nws Tsaus ntaub ntawv" (Philip Pullman).
• "Yuav kom tua ib tug Mockingbird" (Harper Lee).
• "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell).
• "Rebecca" (Dafna Dyumore).
• "Lub Catcher nyob rau hauv lub Rye" (Selindzher Dzherom).
• "The Great Gatsby" (Frensis Fitsdzherald).

Raws li Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv

Yuav ua li cas kev ntsuam xyuas yog muab ib tug ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv lub British kev ncaj ncees forums Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv lovers? Cov lus teb yog luv luv: ambiguous.

Txaus siab tau yog muab rau cov khoom uas txawj sau ntawv George Orwell. Rau ntau nyeem phau ntawv yog ib tug exciting yi nrog ib tug unpredictable zajlus - "Rebecca." Los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv rau cov me nyuam tau pom zoo lub tebchaws zaj dab neeg txog ib tug hluas nkauj los ntawm Oxford Lyra Belakva zoo heev worlds ntawm Filipa Pulmana.

Txawm li cas los, muaj txaus siab cov lus. Piv txwv li, rau lub domestic sophisticated nyeem ntawv, nyiam cov phau ntawv-novels, ob qho tib si muaj tiag thiab mystical Bulgakov tus tshiab "Master thiab Margarita", ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "tus kws kho mob Zhivago" los ntawm Boris Pasternak, raws li zoo raws li "Picnic ntawm txoj kev" thiab "Lub ibtxhi City" los ntawm Strugatsky cov kwv tij, rau muab tso rau nws mob me, yog tsis meej feem kev BBC rankings.

Tau tiag tiag: peb yuav tsis ua kom txo tau cov artistic tus nqi ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm feemxyuam novels ntawm lub hom "Catch-22", "The Great Gatsby", "Lub Catcher nyob rau hauv lub Rye" thaum hais ib qhov tseeb: lawv ib hom ntawv nyeem - ideological tshiab. Tshwj tsis yog tias, objectively hais lus, lawv yuav ua tau cov neeg sib tw thiab mnogoproblemnomu volume ua hauj lwm "Cov Xib Hwb thiab Margarita"?

Tej phau ntawv-novels, li qhia siv kuj pom tsuas yog ib qho kev xav ntawm tus sau, yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qab no! Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tob ntawm lub ntsiab lus chiv tas rau txhob txwm ua, devoid ntawm volume, multi-dimensional. Yog li ntawd, raws li peb cov txawj nyeem ntawv, nws yog kiag li absurd questionable tso tshiab cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv phau ntawv daim ntawv teev nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm saum toj no lub nyob "ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb" los yog "Master thiab Margarita".

Niaj hnub nimno Phau ntawv Postmodern

Postmodern cov phau ntawv yog hnub no tej zaum ntawm ib lub ncov ntawm muaj koob meej, txij thaum lawv yog cov ideological antithesis ntawm stagnating neeg zej zog. Niaj hnub sau ntawv, postmodernists dissected nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv tus neeg txoj kev ua neej, muaj soulless advertising thiab txheej thaum ub glossy glamour.

Tej ideological sau phau ntawv muaj txawm satiated America. Paub nyob rau hauv tsev raws li ib tug yeej muaj tseeb connoisseur ntawm tus neeg lub neej cov teeb meem ntawm Italian keeb kwm txawj sau ntawv Don Delillo (tshiab ntiajteb sab hauv, «Dawb nrov"). Lwm Italian tus paub txog, xib fwb ntawm semiotics University of Bologna, Umberto Eco, immerses tus nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv thiaj li txawj ntse-nplua nuj ntaub ntawm cov khoom ( "Foucault lub Pendulum", "lub npe ntawm tus Rose"), nws tsim yaam tshab demand kev txawj ntse tuaj.

Softer postmodern qha lwm sau. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev kawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, qhov no qauv yog Boris Akunin. Phau ntawv ntawm no niaj hnub classic ( "The Adventures Erasta Fandorina", "Azazel", "Lub Adventures ntawm Muam Pelagia") thov cov kev nyeem ntawv, thiab txawm cia. Muaj coob tus tau muab sau rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm tej txuj ci ntawm tus sau, nws masterful style, muaj peev xwm tsim entertaining dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws kev xav, nws qhia tau hais tias ib tug tshwj xeeb tus kheej philosophy oriental cim.

Xeem tshwj xeeb hnov nyob rau hauv nws "jade hlaws dai" thiab "Pob zeb diamond Chariot".

Nws yog noteworthy tias, nqus tus nyeem ntawv lub detective zaj dabneeg, noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho tus qauv npaj ntawm historic Lavxias teb sab txheej xwm, tsis txhob muaj cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg txom nyem, kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab ua tub sab niaj hnub classic Akunin. Nws phau ntawv, txawm li cas los, yog tsis tsim nyob rau hauv cov nruj moj khaum ntawm lub keeb kwm dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem cov ntawv uas luag hu ua pej xeem-keeb kwm.

Ib tug sib lawv liag point ntawm defining pib ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv" yog xyoo 1991 los lawm. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, cov cuab yeej ntawm tus masses nyeem steel ua hauj lwm hitherto kaw sixties sau phau ntawv:

• "Sandro ntawm Chegem" Fazil Iskander.
• "Lub Island ntawm Crimea" Vasily Aksenov.
• "Nyob thiab Nco ntsoov" Valentin Rasputin.

Tom qab lawv tuaj mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, niaj hnub sau ntawv, uas nws outlook yog chiv restructuring. Dhau li ntawm tus saum toj no-hais Boris Akunina, luj lug zes thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thawj magnitude hnub qub: Victor Pelevin ( "Numbers", "Lub neej kab", "chapayev thiab tsis muaj dabtsis", "T", "faj tim teb chaws B") thiab Lyudmila Ulitskaya ( "Case ntawm Kukotskiy '' ua tsaug koj li, Shurik "," Medea thiab nws cov me nyuam ").

Niaj hnub nimno fantasy phau ntawv

Tej zaum ib tug kos npe rau ntawm decadence yog tus remake ntawm lub romantic ib hom ntawv nyeem, revived nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov fantasy. Uas muaj tsuas yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nrov series ntawm novels txog Harry Potter los ntawm Dzhoan Rouling! Nws yeej muaj tseeb: txhua yam yog rov qab mus rau square ib, Romanticism recaptures poob hauv av nyob rau hauv realism!

Tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas hais tias realism ib zaug (nyob rau hauv 30-ies ntawm XX century) Romanticism crushed rau txoj kev tuag, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas nws zais lub ntsoog, thiab nws yog rov qab rau tus nees! Nws yog ib qho nyuaj tsis pom. Cia peb nco ntsoov tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lub classic txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv sau style: "Exceptional cim nyob rau hauv txawv txawv lub sijhawm." Yog lub caij nyoog kawg no daim ntawv qhia yog tsis nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm fantasy?! Yuav ua li cas lwm tus neeg ntxiv ...

Nws yog noteworthy tias tam sim no Lavxias teb sab sau phau ntawv uas sau fantasy phau ntawv, dav nrov thiab qhia ib siab txawj theem. Yuav kom nyeem nyeem tau kom cov nram qab tej hauj lwm ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem:

• "Hmo ntuj Watch", "Hnub Watch" (Sergey Lukyanenko).
• "Txwv tsis pub muaj tiag", "Lub Moo Zoo ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum", "Catharsis" (Vasily Golovachev).
• Voj voog novels "Secret City" voj voog "enclaves" (Vadim Panov).

Nco qab kuj yog lub chaw nyob rau hauv Russia, "Lub Witcher" fantasy series by Polish txawj sau ntawv Andrzej Sapkowski. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cov phau ntawv-taug txuj kev nyuaj tam sim no rov qab rau hauv dej siab nrog cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Pom zoo los ntawm cov phau ntawv sau ntawv los ntawm lwm continents

Nrhiav kev los ntawm cov forums ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv, peb pom hais tias cov tseem ceeb sau ntawv ntawm cov XX xyoo pua, ntau tsawg pav uas tsis yog-European thiab uas tsis yog-American cov phau ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tseem muaj heev ci thiab feemxyuam tej hauj lwm:

• "Ib Puas Xyoo Solitude" (Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez).
• "Poj niam nyob rau hauv lub Dunes" (Abe Kobo Japanese).
• "Tos qhov barbarians" (South African Dzhon Kutzee).

xaus

Bottomless tseeb! Phau ntawv ntawm tus sau phau ntawv (lub ntsiab lus - qhov zoo tshaj plaws), qhov nruab nrab neeg, hmoov tsis, yog tsis yog ib tug priori muaj peev xwm nyeem thoob plaws nws lub neej. Nws yog yog li ntawd tseem ceeb heev navigation nyob rau hauv ib tug infinite phau ntawv "hiav txwv". "Vim li cas nws - yeej nyeem?" - nug cov uninitiated neeg ...

Peb yuav teb: "Tau mus rau decorate koj lub neej, kom tau ib tug phooj ywg tiag tiag! Tom qab tag nrho, cov phau ntawv - uas advisers thiab inspirers, thiab comforters.

Xaus, peb nco ntsoov tias yog hais tias koj muaj hmoo txaus nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej thiaj nrhiav tau tsawg kawg yog ib lub teb phau ntawv, txhua tus uas, zoo li ib tug nyob diav rawg, yog zoo tagnrho rau koj, koj lub plawv nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, peb yuav xav tias hais tias txhob txwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Txaus siab rau koj nyeem ntawv!