Qhov twg yog Lapland Reserve. Lapland Biosphere cia

Muaj koj puas tau hnov txog cov xav tsis thoob Lapland? Ntawm cov hoob kawm yog! Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua tus paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm cov Lapland Reserve. Yuav ua li cas yog nws nto moo? Yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm? Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim teb no thiab lwm yam lus nug ntsig txog qhov amazing qhov chaw.

Yuav pib, nrhiav tawm qhov twg lub Lapland Reserve. Nws yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv lub Murmansk cheeb tsam. Nws yog twb yuav luag 100 xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv Ntxiv rau qhov no qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov raug Claus muaj ntau ntau yam nthuav tej yam dog dig tourists thiab kws tshawb fawb. Lub zeem cia lub ib ncig muaj feem xyuam rau nws loj - nws yog ntau tshaj li 278 435 hectares, 8574 uas yuav siv sij hawm dej cheeb tsam ntawm cov pas dej thiab cov niam dej. Vim li no cov loj ntawm Lapland Xwm Reserve yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

zaj dabneeg

Qhov no tsis zoo noj yog tsim los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim Lenoblispolkoma nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1930. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov Kola ceg av qab teb tau koom rau cov Executive Committee ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam. 20 xyoo yog lub reindeer cia pawg neeg thaj av, tab sis tau raug kaw rau ib tug tas mus li lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 1951. Qhov zoo ces, qhov no qhov teeb meem yog daws kuj sai sai, cia Lapland twb qhib dua tom qab tsib xyoo, sau npe thiab tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub xeev.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias "Lapland" ciam teb hloov tsis tseg, thiab ntau ntau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm zuj zus lawm. Qhov no yog vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov mineral kev pab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob Monchetundra territories. Dua li no, nyob rau hauv 1983, rau lub zeem cia nws tau txuas heev impressive cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem (129,577 his). Nws yog sib npaug zos rau yuav luag 100% ntawm cov thawj cheeb tsam. Cov av hauv lub xeev tau faib "Lapland" nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj rau txo emissions mus rau hauv disrepair tsob nroj "Severonikel" av nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub zeem cia.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub ob hlis ntuj 1985 Lapland State Biosphere cia yog coj nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO raws li ib tug biosphere cia. Project "Zoo heev Lapland" twb launched kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd (1995). Txij thaum ntawd los, lub zeem cia pib los sawv cev rau tsis tsuas cov kev tshawb fawb thiab tej, tab sis kuj yog ib tug kev cai muaj nqis.

Lapland Xwm Reserve - Toj roob hauv pes

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Valdai glaciation Kola ceg av qab teb them tib yam dej khov ntawv uas npog Greenland niaj hnub no. Nws zoo 10,000 xyoo dhau los, tawm hauv lub lowlands mus rau lub muaj zog caj ntawm Moraine thiab glacier-smoothed pob zeb haib outputs, uas yog hu ua "mutton hauv pliaj". Tom qab glaciation muaj yuav luag tsis muaj sedimentary pob zeb. Lawv yog hloov los ntawm liab qab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm Archean hnub nyoog, mas gneisses.

Tom qab lub melting ntawm glaciers loj heev qhov chaw ntawm lub Kola ceg av qab teb ntev tas. Chiv, cov cua thiab cov noog coj no disputes Lichens thiab mosses, nyom noob. Nroj tsuag contributed rau cov qeeb puas tsuaj ntawm lub pob zeb daim duab ntawm lub Kola ceg av qab teb thiab tsim los ntawm cov av. Heev sai sai badlands tswm invertebrates, uas tau pab mus rau lub hloov toj roob hauv pes.

Ces lawv pib tsim forests thiab tundra, nws thiaj li noj tam sim no daim ntawv no.

Hav dej thiab ntws

Lapland Xwm Reserve (Monchegorsk) yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm sab qaum teb Eurasia. Vim ua ntej glaciation rau hauv thaj av no, raws li, tseeb, rau tag nrho ntawm Scandinavia, yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ua kom tiav tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm teb hom.

Lapland ecosystem tsim tsuas yog tsis ntev los no, yog li tus txheej txheem ntawm plaug rau sab nraum ntau yam tshiab hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag yog tseem mus tsis tu ncua. Hom ntau haiv neeg ntawm fauna thiab muaj yog lossi hloov, nws yog tus me me.

Lapland cia tej abounds nyob rau hauv cov niam dej thiab ceev ceev roob ntws. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, lawv yog nyob ntsiag to, muaj ib tug ntxhab bank ntawm sod. Nyob rau lwm lub chaw, lawv Rapids nyob rau hauv dej nyab nrog dawb tej fais fab.

Muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia ntawm me me thiab cov loj loj pas dej, pob zeb, thiab tej zaum kuj nrog cov xuab zeb los yog them nrog sedge tsev nyiaj. Hav dej nram hav ncab Yagelnaya forests. Cover ncov roob nraim spruce-zelenomoshniki. Dav nram hav nrog ntws ntws, uas yog bordered los ntawm ib tug nqaim sawb ntawm ilv birch ntoo, interspersed nrog lossis loj scattering ntawm lub pob zeb, uas npog lub kaj me ntsis ntawm multicolored Lichen.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog pas dej - Imandra, ib cheeb tsam ntawm 880 km ^2. Nws yog nyob ntau tshaj 150 Islands tuaj. Qhov loj tshaj plaws dej ntws - Strelna, Varzuga, Umba.

tundra

Lapland Xwm Reserve (Murmansk cheeb tsam) sib txawv nroj tsuag, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm nws thaj chaw - 120 km north of lub Arctic Circle - thiab lub roob toj roob hauv pes. Tom qab lub melting ntawm cov dej khov nto ntawm cov av tswm Lichens thiab mosses. Nyob rau hauv lub hnyav tej yam kev mob ntawm lub roob tundra, reindeer ntxhuab ntau roob - ib tug nyiam delicacy ntawm reindeers. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, lawv hloov lub pua shrubs, crowberry, blueberries, cranberries, bearberry. Lawv coexist, thiab cov rhododendron fab kuropatochey nyom (Dryad).

Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, muaj qhov hluav taws xob los yog cushion-zoo li tus saxifrage, Linnaeus tsawg ovsyannitsa, ntsias birch. Lub flowering lub sij hawm ntawm tej chaw no yog cov tsis tshua zoo nkauj.

Ncov qaumteb qabteb taiga

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab khoom vaj khoom tsev ntawm lub Lapland Reserve Hav zoov thaj chaw loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov av no los ntawm 3 mus rau 10 txhiab xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo loj hlob no yog lub 300 xyoo. Ib txhia nrws mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm 15 meters. Active txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ncov qaumteb qabteb taiga vim tus tus me kev nyab xeeb thiab tag nrho tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm permafrost nyob rau hauv lub subsoil txheej.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, cov av yog kev tiv thaiv daus, thiab vim hais tias tsis nyuaj freezes. Tsob ntoo loj hlob maj mam, tab sis mus txog ib tug heev impressive loj, nws yog tsis recalling loj hlob Tshuag ntawm hav zoov tundra ntawm Siberia.

Lub zos ntoo thuv muaj luv luv koob uas kav tsis tau peb xyoos, thiab rau txog xya xyoo. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, qhov no tsiaj yog paub raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib daim ntawv - ntoo thuv Vries.

Paub rau peb spruce pawg nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia Siberian spruce nrog cov yam ntxwv rau no hom ntawm me me cones.

Subarctic thiab warty birch hlob nyob rau hauv spruce forests thiab nyob rau hauv hav zoov. Sib undergrowth muaj ib lub roob tshauv, Juniper Siberian, tshis willow thiab lwm hom ntawm willows.

Cov av tej nroj tsuag txheej Reserve ntau evergreen lov tas vau - crowberry, lingonberry, Linnaeus, blueberries, ob peb hom wintergreen. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm evergreen herbaceous nroj tsuag - Luzula pilosa, cov plaub hau nyom.

Nplua mias qhia ntxhuab txheej. Nyob rau hauv lub ntoo thuv forests ntawm mosses feem ntau yog ua ke nrog Lichens cladonia (Alpine, deerskin thiab mos mos). Lub sab sauv txwv ntawm cov hav zoov yog cim ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 380 m.

Tsiaj txhu ntawm Lapland Xwm Reserve

Qhov xwm ntawm no qhov chaw zoo nkauj yuav tsis muab suav hais tias pristine. Rau centuries, lub Sami tau ntse koom nyob rau hauv reindeer herding thiab, raws li, exterminating ua npua.

By pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nyob rau hauv Lapland muaj ntau heev ob peb reindeer thiab loj ua npua.

reindeer

Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, cov Kola ceg av qab teb nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tseem tsuas hais txog ib puas reindeer.

Nws yog tsim nyog los noj ceev kev ntsuas kom tiv thaiv cov tsiaj, yog li nyob rau hauv 1930, thiab tau raug tsa los ntawm tus Lapland Reserve. Tsis ntev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas tau muab cov thawj coj zoo thiaj tau.

Niaj hnub no lub zeem cia yog lossi nyob ntau tshaj li ib txhiab neeg. Mos lwj xav forests-belomoshniki thiab roob-tundra toj roob hauv pes. Lapland national park nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lawv nyiam cov khoom noj - reindeer ntxhuab. Tsaug rau long-term kev ruaj ntseg ua ub no ntawm lub zeem cia mos lwj qus kis tau thoob lub ceg av qab teb, saum toj no tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub mountainous thiab forested thaj ib sab.

Thaum pib ntawm XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Lapland Biosphere cia tom qab ib tug ntev tsis tuaj kawm ntawv rov qab beavers thiab mos lwj. Interestingly, lub mos lwj tuaj rau cov chaw nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lawv tus kheej, tab sis cov beavers qhia tshwj xeeb uas tau coj los ntawm lub zeem cia ntawm lub nroog ntawm Voronezh. Thaum ob hom yog scarce.

txhom

Lapland Xwm Reserve yog nyob rau hauv nws ib ncig, thiab loj ua npua. Feem ntau xim av dais. Wolverines, hma thiab lynxes yog ob peb tug. Tseem muaj cov hma liab, tab sis lawv muaj pes tsawg yog heev me me. Weasel, marten, ermine tshwm sim feem ntau heev. Los daus winters yog heev xis rau lub neej ntawm voles thiab lemmings.

noog

Tag nrho cov noog uas nyob Lapland Reserve, mus piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv hauv tsab xov xwm yog tsis yooj yim sua. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no peb yuav tsum kaw peb tus kheej rau cov neeg tsiaj nyob rau hauv no cia muaj zoo ib puag ncig tus nqi.

Ua zes thiab tsiv teb tsaws yog cai 20 hom ntawm Waterfowl. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib tug me me, tsawg dawb-fronted gus. Tsis ntev los no, qhov no hom ntawm sai disappearing yuav luag tag nrho cov ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Tsis zoo li lwm yam sab qaum teb us, fronted gus zes nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub roob ntws thiab ntws.

Tus thawj qhov chaw nyob rau tus nqi ntawm lub zeem cia yog nyob grouse - grouse, capercaillie, dub grouse, ptarmigan thiab tundra. Cov yav tas hom nyob rau hauv lub roob tundra, lwm Lodge nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov.

Tej prey thiab tsis tshua muaj cov noog xws li cov osprey, golden dav dawb hau, liaj, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, lub zeem cia hnov kiag li ua tau.

owls

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog xav qhia rau peb ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lwm xws qhov chaw raws li lub Lapland State Biosphere cia, qhov twg loj heev, tab sis yog tas rau cov chaw uas zoo heev inhabited los ntawm yim cov tsiaj ntawm owls.

Feem ntau hom - ib tug me me dav plas. Nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub hauv paus txawm tsiaj ntawm sab qaum teb hav zoov. Nws Plumage niam nyob rau hauv zoo nrog rau tom qab uas yog tsim los ntawm lub sab qaum teb birch.

Nws "tus muam" - Great Grey Plas - yog qhov loj tshaj plaws plas boreal hav zoov, tab sis pom nws heev tsis tshua muaj. Nws prefers nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, alternating nrog qhib tej qhov chaw, piv txwv li, nrog sphagnum bogs.

Boreal thiab pygmy plas - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws plas nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws nhro nyob condensed nrog spruce thiab fir thiab birch forests.

Marsh plas, Ural plas thiab dav dawb hau plas - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no fauna. Ob peb nyob rau hauv xov tooj, tab sis nws yog heev raug rau Lapland Reserve dawb los yog ncov qaumteb qabteb owls.

Vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub Arctic hmo ntuj lub teeb, owls yog yuam mus rau depart nyob rau hauv ib tug mus yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig. Dawb Nights lub caij yog ntev - ib puas hnub (los ntawm thaum pib ntawm May kom txog thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj). Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub owls xav tau kom loj hlob thiab pub lub me nyuam qaib. Yog li ntawd, mus ntsib ib tug ya plas nyob rau hauv lub nruab hnub yog ib qho yooj yim mus khaws cia.

Koj muaj peev xwm nquag pom nyob rau hauv lub reserves hav iav plas. Nws yoov maj mam qhib tej qhov chaw, tab tom nrhiav rau prey. Zoo li feem ntau plas, nws muaj lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws piav thoob hlo hloov khoom nruab nrog yog ib tug pob ntseg, tab sis yog nws ob lub qhov muag tsis tau hu ua tsis muaj zog.

Thaum lub hnub ci nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov yuav tsum tau pom hawkish plas. Ob hom owls coj heev covertly, lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau raws li los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Lawv ua lawv "cia" nyob rau hauv lub hollows ntawm cov ntoo. Ntawm no lawv coj lub tso nyiaj ntawm lub cev ntawm cov me me nas, thiab tej zaum kuj me me noog.

Txawm ntau nyuaj rau nrhiav cov plas thiab qhov ntev-tailed tawny plas. Nws yug los zoov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd me me nas, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lawv noj, lawv yuav tsis averse mus noj txawv cov noog thiab cov tsiaj. Plas catches grouse thiab squirrels, tsis nco lub sij hawm thiab kov yeej ermine.

Coob plas nyob rau hauv lub Lapland cia feem ntau hunts grouse, hares thiab grouse. Muaj ntau thaum nws ntse hunted marten. Txawm li cas los, thaum ib tug mus dhau nws yuav los ua ib tug neeg raug mob.

Owls, ua tsaug lub rooj sib hais qhov chaw yog tau txais nas nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab txheej ntawm snow, yog li yuav luag tag nrho cov hom, tsuas yog eared Plas, yog tswm.

scientific kev ua ub no

Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm scientific ua si ntawm lub Lapland Reserve - kom muaj thiab ua rau kom cov pej xeem ntawm qus reindeer nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ncig ntawm lub Kola ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua hauj lwm pab raws qib xws li mus xyuas thiab kawm txog ze cia uas muaj qhauj rau cov ib puag ncig thiab ecology. Cov ntau haiv neeg muaj thiab fauna attracts tsis tau tsuas yog lub zos neeg ua hauj lwm yog feem ntau zaum los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov nyob tej yam kev mob thiab cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm mos lwj qus pib nyob rau hauv 1929, ua ntej qhib ntawm lub zeem cia. Tus thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj M. Kreps roob lub caij ntuj no.

excursions

Lapland Xwm Reserve - ib tug picturesque qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus stunning roob scenery, ancient forests thiab cov tsiaj qus, koj yuav tau txais ntsib nrog cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub Sami, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no mus rau ib tug mus ntsib mus rau tus pej thuam uas raug Claus.

Reserve tas li yog xwb tau los ntawm ua ntej kev kho nrog cov kev tswj. Yuav kom npaj ib tug ncig saib, koj yuav tsum siv cov saum toj no hu mus tam online.