Livonian ua tsov ua rog raws li kev rau thiaj yuav cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cwm pwm ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai.

Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv lub ntev reign ntawm Lavxias teb sab autocrat Ivan Vasilyevich, nicknamed Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, tsis yog ib tug kev tshwm sim uas yuav kom meej meej ua yam ntxwv coj tag nrho cov ce thiab downs uas tus huab tais tej nyob rau hauv nws lub neej raws li lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog. Tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm lub nees nkaum-tsib xyoo sib ntaus sib tua, los ntawm nws zoo kawg nkaus pib rau nws txaj muag kawg, yog tus ncaj tshwm sim ntawm kev kawm ntau lub xyoo ntawm kev chim, ib tug txi uas tus huab tais tau coj tsis tau tsuas yog nws lub neej, thiab zoo ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

Lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog twb pib los ntawm 28-xyoo-laus, hluas thiab tag nrho ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab lub zog huab tais. Cov hauj lwm vim li cas rau nws yog tus pib ntawm qhov uas tsis yog-ua kevcai nco txog tus Livonian Order ntawm lub ntawv cog lus kos npe nrog Russia nyob rau hauv 1554. Cov muaj qhov tsis kam mus xaus tej ntawv cog lus nrog Sigismund II, cov nuj nqis rov qab rau St George hnub rau tag nrho cov koj xyoo thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm cov lus cog. Thaum lawv raug rhuav lawm, ib tug formal pretext rau unleashing tub rog ua tau txais.

Tom qab ib tug muaj kev vam meej conquest ntawm Kazan thiab Astrakhan, raws li zoo raws li lub xaus ntawm kev kaj siab nrog Lithuania, qhov zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais Ivan taws mus rau lub Livonian Order. Nws cuab gradual disintegration muab tag nrho yog vim li cas xav tias Russia tau txais cov neeg ntawm nws daim av, uas yuav muab nws lub sijhawm uas unimpeded nkag tau mus rau lub hiav txwv Baltic. Livonian ua tsov ua rog, cov ua uas tau kom meej meej ib geopolitical cim, tau pib nyob rau hauv 1558 thiab mus txog rau 1561 coj lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais xwb yeej. Narva thiab Dorpat poob yuav luag tsis muaj kuj, cov siege ntawm Riga coj mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lub treaty nyob rau vassalage ntawm pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Livonian Order los ntawm Russia. Tab sis ib tug me me respite nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, uas yog tus thawj ntsoog loj heev yuam kev coj mus rau uas tiv thaiv cov muaj koob muaj npe tub rog coj li caj npab ib zaug peb muaj zog lub xeev - Poland, Lithuania thiab Sweden.

Thaum no kev vam meej Livonian tsov rog xaus, thiab pib ib tug ntev li keeb kwm ntawm alternating zoo thiab cov tub rog failures. Maj mam hloov lub ntiaj teb no Ivana Groznogo, nws pom ib ncig ntawm kev plees kev yi pib loj tsuj. By 1564, lawv mus txog xws li ib tug scale tias lub qub ncaj ncees phooj ywg ntawm tus huab tais , tub huabtais Kurbsky yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Lithuanians pib siege ntawm Polotsk, nyuam qhuav yuav los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. King, sim hais nrog setbacks thiab maj sinking mus rau hauv lub abyss ntawm kev chim nyob rau hauv 1565 tsim lub oprichnina.

Absorbed nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam tus qhev xwb rau nws "hauv yeeb ncuab," tus huab tais txav ntau feemxyuam generals, tua ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm nws kev kawm, depriving cov tub rog ntawm tshiab reinforcements. Tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog sluggish, Lithuanians maj ntes tau lub fortress teej tug mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1569 raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug alliance nrog Poland, ob lub teb chaws los sib koom rau ib tug. Tam sim no lub ntsiab yeeb ncuab, uas yuav tsum tau kov yeej nyob rau hauv lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog, yuav Rzeczpospolita.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1570 tus Ivan Grozny txiav txim siab mus coj ib tug decisive los kom yeej, thiab precipitates Revel, ib txhij captures ob peb fortresses. Tab sis tus huab tais tsis muaj peev xwm xav tias thiaj li brilliantly raws li ua ntej, tau ntau xyoo ntawm debauchery, quav dej quav cawv thiab mus ob peb vas swings coj lawv tus xov tooj hu, thiab nyob rau helm ntawm cov tub rog yuav tsum tsis txhob paub tab paub xav thiab siab tawv tub rog thawj coj, thiab ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug bruised psyche, yuav hloov tau lawv lub kev txiav txim siab, thiab tsis yog tsis muaj ib tug ncaj ncees qhia tawm cowardice.

Tom ntej no Lavxias teb sab tau yeej tsuas dhau thaum pib ntawm txoj hauj lwm - poob Polotsk, Narva, Great Lukas, nws waged ib tug ntev thiab exhausting siege ntawm Pskov.

Nyob rau hauv 1582-83 xyoo lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm uas tau tsis tshua muaj neeg disappointing rau lub Lavxias teb sab Tsar, finishes kos npe rau lub ntiaj teb no. Treaty ntawm plussa thiab taw dais Zampolsky ntiaj teb no negated tag nrho cov kev kawm tau zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Lub hiav txwv Baltic thiab tseem muaj nyob rau ib tug npau suav rau Russia kom paub tias muaj lwm tus huab tais nyob rau hauv lwm xyoo pua.