Pol Grem: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

American essayist, businessman thiab zoo-paub programmer Pol Grem nyob rau hauv 2008, nws twb muaj ntawm cov 25 feem ntau influential neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm web raws li BusinessWeek magazine. Nws lub tswv yim niaj hnub mus pab txhiab tus tub hluas ntxhais hluas.

Ib txhia cov lus tseeb ntawm cov biography

Pol Grem yug nyob rau hauv 1964 nyob rau hauv ces. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, nws tus txiv, physicist mus nrog nws tsev neeg mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States txij li thaum nws muaj ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau lub tuam txhab muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm nuclear reactors.

Tseem nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv me nyuam tub kuv pib sau computer programs los daws kom tau cov tswv yim muaj teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lawv, piv txwv li, yog tsim rau simulate tus trajectory ntawm qhov chaw rockets.

Tom qab ua kom tiav nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Graham tau mus rau Cornell University thiab nws tau txais nws daim Bachelor kawg. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb muab tsub ib tug master degree thiab Ph.D. nyob rau hauv computer science ntawm Harvard. Ib tug ntse tub hluas ho tsis nres thiab txiav txim siab mus ntxiv lub pursuit ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim dag txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis ntev pom tau hais tias kom paub nws tus npau suav nws yuav tsis thiab pib painting. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm tau ntawv zoo nyob rau hauv daim teb no, nws nkag mus hauv lub Academy ntawm Fine Arts nyob rau hauv Florence thiab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tsim ntawm Rhode Island. Nws tsiv mus rau hauv ib tug me me studio nyob rau hauv New York, dreaming ntawm cov artist cov hom hauj lwm, tab sis nws yog ri luv luv ntawm cov nyiaj. Qhov no coj mus rau lub tswv yim rau ib tug txiv neej ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho cov tau tshem ntawm cov teeb meem nrog tej nyiaj txiag.

Viaweb

Nyob rau hauv 1995, Pol Grem thiab Robert Morris tsim Viaweb. Qhov no software yog sau nyob rau hauv Common Lisp, uas zoo tib yam rau cov neeg mus tsim lawv tus kheej hauv internet khw muag khoom noj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov 1998, Yahoo Viaweb mus yuam kev lawm 455.000 ntawm nws cov shares, uas muaj nqis nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm 49,6 lab nyiaj. Cov khoom lub npe hu ua Yahoo khw.

Pol Grem: phau ntawv nyob rau Lisp

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias ib tug txawj ntse tus neeg yog txawj ntse nyob rau hauv txhua yam. Pol Grem yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, uas yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm nws tsab ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm yog Nyob rau Lisp (1993), ANSI Common Lisp (1995) thiab Hackers & Painters (2004).

Thawj ob phau ntawv yog mob siab rau Lisp - programming lus, uas yog ib tug active pab txhawb Graham. Lawv yog tsim rau cov tub txawg li zoo raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis tau to taub txog tus subtleties ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus sau ntawm Nyob Lisp macros thiab tsom rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev nta ntawm lub Lisp lus, qhia los ntawm Piv txwv li, lawv siv pab rau radically hloov qhov mus kom ze rau cov tshuaj ntawm cov tswv yim muaj teeb meem. Raws li rau ANSI Common Lisp, nws yog ib tug classic phau ntawv Lisp. Nws kuj sau ntawv rau cov tsim tau thiab muaj xws li ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog cov tswv yim ntawm cov lus, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm tus txheej txheem ANSI Common Lisp.

Hackers & Painters

Peb ntawm tus naas ej phau ntawv sau los ntawm Paul Graham nyob rau hauv 2004, lub xyoo. Nws yog ib tug sau ntawm tsab ntawv uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub publishing tsev O'Reilly. Lawv tsis txuas, thiab lawv muaj ntau yam teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau programming: kev xaiv ntawm yam lus, qhov tseeb tsim ntawm Web daim ntaub ntawv, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus neeg siv los ntawm spam, economic tej teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub Internet start-ups thiab thiaj li nyob.

"Paradox Blaba"

Links mus Paul Graham rau thematic kev pab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yuav pom ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug ntau ntawm kev txaus siab thaum lub sij hawm tau piav nws hu ua Blub paradox ( «paradox Blaba") uas Graham qhia rau nws cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Winning mediocrity." Nws nphav txog tej teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv txhawb ib tug ntau haib programming lus, feem ntau daim di ncauj. Nyob rau hauv 2 lus, nws essence yog li no: muaj ib tug programmer, yus tus kheej li thiab "xav rau Blabe" (tej yam es txheej thaum ub programming lus). Nws qhia txog txoj kev daws mus rau tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm Blub. Cov nyiaj muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau haib lus, muaj tsis muaj nuj nqis rau nws. Qhov no yog vim li, txij li thaum nws tsis paub yuav ua li cas siv lawv! Tsuas yog thaum ib tug programmer vim hais tias ntawm ib co lwm yog vim li cas rau kawm ib hom lus tshiab, nws yuav tsum tau to taub txog cov kev txwv ntawm Blaba. Yog li, cov laus txheej thaum ub "cuab tam" yog tsis nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej kev kub siab mus tshawb tej yam tshiab. Tom qab tag nrho, kom paub cov kev txwv ntawm lub niaj zaus cov lus nta koj yuav tsum paub yog twb haib dua.

Los ntawm no paradox Pol Grem piav yog vim li cas cov tsis feem ntau yuav kawm tau dua cov cuab yeej tshaj li cov neeg uas twb muaj.

"Hauv Graham"

Lub npe muab rau cov qib siab ntawm cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem, uas tau coj Paul nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv "Yuav ua li cas mus hais lus cam." Cov neeg uas yeej paub txog nws, raws li cov "pyramid" yog tsis tshua muaj pab tau rau leej twg uas xav tau kev pab los mus tiv thaiv nws pom nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis sib haum.

Tag nrho cov tau cov lus sib cav nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tham nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug xya-theem hierarchy. Pol Grem, "Dawb schemer" (tsuj roj), uas yog lub npe hu nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, hais tias peb yuav tsum siv zog upward, mus rau lub "sab saum toj ntawm lub pyramid," thiab ces nws yuav tau kom txo tau cov kev siv ntawm cov lus tsis txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov hierarchy yog feem ntau siv bloggers uas soj ntsuam nws siv cov lus thiab xaiv qhov sawv daws yuav rau cov uas nws ua rau kev nkag siab rau teb.

Pol Grem: "combiner"

Nyob rau hauv 2005, tus naas ej essayist nkag mus hauv ib tug hais lus nyob rau lub Harvard Computer Society. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj lengthy tsab ntawv hu ua "Yuav ua li cas mus pib ib lub startup." Lub rooj sib tham nrog lug txhawb cov miv, feem ntau ntawm uas tseem hluas cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam, sim hawm caij nyoog Graham los ua, ua ke nrog like-minded Dzhessikoy Livingston, Trevor Blackwell thiab Robert Morris Y Combinator tuam txhab uas muag. Tus aim ntawm qhov kev tsim yog los muab start-ups, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim los ntawm heev neeg hluas thiab los tsim tshiab technologies nyob rau hauv lub NWS-kheej, qhov tsim nyog sums ntawm nyiaj thaum pib ntawm lawv cov lus.

Ib tug ntawm cov vam meej Y Combinator project ntawd los ua ib qhov chaw Hacker News. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev vam meej "kawm tiav" yog Dropbox, koj qev los muab kev pab Airbnb, Stripe lub tuam txhab thiab lwm tus. Tus tsuj roj tau ua ntau tshaj 7 puas startups. Tag nrho cov teb nqi ntawm tag nrho cov tuam txhab uas muag yog ntau tshaj li 30 billion dollars.

"10 kev cai"

Pol Grem, ib zaj duab xis uas yog ib tug nqi zoo rau cov neeg uas xav mus pib ib lub lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Web, xav tias:

• pib me me;
• nrhiav ciaj uas muag nyob qhov twg ntau competitors;
• koom nyob rau hauv lub cajmeem, es siv sij hawm nyob rau MBA;
• tsis sim mus cuag ntau cov neeg siv ib zaug;
• tso tej neeg ua hauj lwm uas tsis tau nyiaj;
• underestimate nws tus kheej;
• ntiav ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm;
• txhob tsom ntsoov rau qhov uas koj yuav tau txais nws rau lub caij pib;
• ua hauj lwm rau cov tswv yim uas ob peb cov neeg pom tau hais tias kev vam meej;
• to taub hais tias kev vam meej yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 3-4 xyoo.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias leej twg yog Pol Grem. "Dawb-schemer" (ib zaj duab xis txog qhov project no, tsis tau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm) - yog ib qho ntawm feem kev vam meej tsim yaam tshab ntawm no feemxyuam txiv neej. Nws lub tswv yim txhawb cov neeg hluas, thiab lub tswv yim los pab koj nrhiav tau lub resounding zoo txawm rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj ib tug loj start-up capital.